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Calcul, inconnue, mathématiques : la grande équation borgésienne
No full textInternational audienceCette conférence propose une lecture de quelques fictions de Jorge Luis Borges à travers l’idée d’équation, d’inconnue et de calcul, des notions envisagées tour à tour comme des outils narratifs, des concepts philosophiques et des manifestes littéraires. Borges, à rebours d’un réalisme mimétique, construit une littérature où le fantastique interroge les cadres logiques, mathématiques et cognitifs de la pensée
Relire les stratégies de formation à partir des couples de postures: Analyse comparative de deux dispositifs en mathématiques avec les technologies numériques
No full textDiaporama présenté au séminaire du Laboratoire de Didactique André Revuz (LDAR), Université Paris Cité, Bâtiment Sophie Germain, 13 mars 2026. Cette présentation s’inscrit dans un travail de recherche plus large sur la formation des enseignants en mathématiques avec les technologies numériques.International audienceThis presentation was delivered at the seminar of the André Revuz Laboratory for Mathematics Education (LDAR), held on March 13, 2026 at Université Paris Cité (Sophie Germain building).It introduces an intermediate analytical unit for examining teacher-education strategies in mathematics with digital technologies: the stance pair FE×PE, combining the trainer’s epistemological stance and teachers’ professional stance.The comparative analysis of two short professional-development programs highlights contrasting internal configurations and temporal dynamics within homological training strategies.This work is part of a broader research program developing the DAaT-DP (Double Approach Adapted to Technologies for Professional Development) framework for analyzing teacher education in mathematics with digital technologies.Ce diaporama correspond à la présentation réalisée lors du séminaire du Laboratoire de Didactique André Revuz (LDAR), tenu le 13 mars 2026 à l’Université Paris Cité (bâtiment Sophie Germain).La communication propose une unité d’analyse intermédiaire pour relire les stratégies de formation des enseignants en mathématiques avec les technologies numériques : le couple de postures FE×PE, croisant la posture épistémologique dominante du formateur (technicien, didacticien, épistémologue, accompagnateur) et la posture professionnelle dominante des enseignants en formation (élève, étudiant, enseignant, enseignant-collaborateur).En s’appuyant sur la typologie des stratégies de formation de Houdement et Kuzniak (1996), l’étude analyse comparativement deux dispositifs courts de formation du premier degré. L’analyse configurationnelle (matrice FE×PE 4×4) et l’analyse temporelle des couples de postures mettent en évidence des configurations internes distinctes : une dispersion relative avec micro-déplacements vers la posture d’enseignant dans la formation A, et une polarisation sur une immersion technicienne en posture d’élève dans la formation B.Les échanges lors du séminaire ont permis de discuter la portée méthodologique de cette unité d’analyse pour l’étude des dynamiques internes des dispositifs de formation
Capital Social et Coping actif environnemental : état des lieux à l’issue d’un atelier de Design Fiction
No full textNational audienceCette recherche analyse l’adaptation comportementale individuelle et collective face aux incertitudes liées aux changements environnementaux. En mobilisant la Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), nous proposons d’analyser, auprès de 240 étudiants, le rôle du risque perçu, du sentiment d’efficacité personnelle et du capital social dans la mise en place d’une stratégie d’adaptation comportementale active face aux enjeux environnementaux. Le questionnaire a été administré aux étudiants à la suite d’un atelier de Design Fiction centré sur les enjeux environnementaux. Les résultats traités via une modélisation par équations structurelles montrent que le risque perçu et le sentiment d’efficacité personnelle influencent significativement et positivement la stimulation émotionnelle et cognitive des étudiants. Par ailleurs, le capital social joue un rôle modérateur dans l’adaptation comportementale des individus. Il joue également un rôle discriminant quant à l’appréciation de son propre sentiment d’efficacité. Ce travail fournit une contribution méthodologique, l’atelier de Design Fiction servant de cadre pour analyser les moteurs et les freins psychologiques à l’engagement environnemental. Par ailleurs, cette recherche présente des pistes de travail dans l’adaptation du contenu des formations ayant pour vocation à sensibiliser les étudiants aux questions environnementales
High-throughput screening for tick-borne pathogens in Ixodid ticks collected through crowdsourcing in northern Sweden
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Background Ticks are expanding in the northern hemisphere. Along with them, tick-borne pathogens can be introduced into new geographical areas and cause infection and disease in animals and humans. Monitoring the expansion of tick populations is challenging and in large areas such as northern Sweden it can be beneficial to take advantage of citizen science. Therefore, people living in northern Sweden were asked to submit ticks collected from their pets or from themselves during the tick seasons of 2018 (north of river Dalälven; n = 1087) and 2019 (from the four northernmost Swedish provinces; n = 514). Ticks were identified at the species level and further analysed with a microfluidic technique to detect carried tick-borne pathogens. Forty-eight PCR assays targeting an array of tick-borne bacteria, viruses and protozoa were performed per sample in the assay. Results The most frequently detected pathogens were Rickettsia helvetica (15.6% in 2018 and 3.5% in 2019) followed by Borrelia garinii (5.9% in 2018 and 11.5% in 2019) and Borrelia afzelii (5.7% in 2018 and 1.2% in 2019). Conclusions This study provides data on tick-borne pathogens harbored by feeding ticks collected from a rather poorly investigated geographical area using a One Health perspective. Microfluidic techniques are confirmed to be an effective tool to screen large amounts of samples and to also find pathogens occurring at lower rates. This approach best supports the design of updated risk-maps and to find areas that deserve targeted tick sampling to obtain a more accurate risk assessment and achieve effective disease prevention
Maurice Hauriou et le service public culturel
No full textInternational audienceLes origines comme le devenir du service public culturel continuent de faire débat, en particulier s’agissant du théâtre public, même si son existence semble désormais admise. Dans ce contexte, la question de la place incidente de l’œuvre de Maurice Hauriou dans la réflexion sur son émergence peut être soulevée, bien que cela puisse paraître étrange au regard de sa célèbre note sous l’arrêt du Conseil d’État Astruc de 1916. Souvent citée par la doctrine contemporaine s’intéressant au service public en général et au service public culturel en particulier, cette note sert en effet de fondement pour évoquer soit l’évolution de l’intérêt général, soit l’impossibilité que puisse être reconnu un service public culturel au début du xxe siècle. Pourtant, si dans son œuvre Hauriou semble à certains égards rejeter l’idée de service public culturel (I), il contribue paradoxalement à son émergence au-delà du seul champ patrimonial (II). Ainsi, sa position initiale s’agissant du théâtre est à l’opposé de celle exposée notamment dans sa note sous Astruc. Le doyen de Toulouse reconnaît encore sans difficulté l’existence de services publics dans le domaine patrimonial, donc culturel. La présente analyse interroge alors le récit historico-juridique classique du service public culturel, depuis toujours controversé, et le rôle de la doctrine dans celui-ci. Elle participe aussi à l’appréhension de l’héritage de l’œuvre d’Hauriou et des présentations qui en sont faites
Healthcare trajectories following cancer surgery in older adults: insights from the French health data system
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Healthcare trajectories of older patients with cancer, particularly after surgical treatment, remain poorly described. Understanding these trajectories is crucial for improving patient outcomes and optimizing healthcare resources. This study aimed to describe the one-year healthcare trajectories of older patients following cancer surgery in France and identify their determinants.Methods: This observational study was conducted using the French National Health Data System, a nationwide medico-administrative database. The study included 140,442 patients aged 75 years and older, identified through cancer diagnosis codes and surgical procedure classifications between 2018 and 2021. A multichannel sequence analysis was performed to cluster healthcare trajectories within one year post-surgery. A favourable trajectory was defined as having a low number of hospitalization days and deaths. A ridge-L2-penalized logistic regression model was employed to identify factors associated with each trajectory.Results: Five distinct healthcare trajectory clusters were identified. The most prevalent trajectory (69.4%) was characterized by a low healthcare density, with a median one-year cumulative hospital length of stay of 12 days. Adverse trajectories were associated with older age, frailty, comorbidity, emergency admissions, prior chemotherapy, and some types of surgery (pancreas, lymph node dissection, bladder, esophagogastric, multiple sites).Conclusions: Cancer surgery for patients aged 75 years and older is predominantly associated with favourable outcomes and limited healthcare utilization. The use of trajectory analysis provides a comprehensive understanding of postoperative outcomes in this population, highlighting the impact of frailty, and may inform the development of new decision-making frameworks tailored to older adults with cancer
Health-related quality of life after second-line axi-cel in transplant-ineligible patients with large B-cell lymphoma
No full textInternational audienceThe phase 2 ALYCANTE trial aimed to evaluate the investigator-assessed complete metabolic response at 3 months from the axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) infusion as a primary end point in patients with high-risk relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma who are ineligible for autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). This study showed a significant improvement in complete metabolic response rate at 3 months based on historical controls. This study reports the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) results as a secondary end point. HRQoL was assessed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) cancer-specific questionnaire, the Quality of Life Questionnaire high-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma 29 (QLQ-NHL-HG29) , and the EuroQol Quality of Life Scale-5 dimensions-5 levels of severity (EQ-5D-5L) generic questionnaire at baseline and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after axi-cel infusion. Among the 62 patients included, 60 (97%) completed a baseline and at least 1 postbaseline HRQoL assessment. At 1 month infusion, adjusted mean change in HRQoL scores from baseline showed a clinically significant deterioration (greater than the clinical threshold) in physical, role, social functioning, and fatigue. However, all HRQoL dimensions recovered by 3 months after infusion and remained stable or continued to improve by 12 months. In an exploratory analysis, adjusted mean change in HRQoL score from baseline in ALYCANTE was similar to or better than in ASCT-eligible patients who received axi-cel in the phase 3 ZUMA-7 trial. Finally, the global health status and fatigue scores of the ALYCANTE population improved to levels comparable to the general French population of similar age by 3 months after infusion. These findings indicate that axi-cel improves HRQoL regardless of transplant eligibility, supporting its use across a broad patient population. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT04531046
Mener une thèse en contrat CIFRE à bon port: trois regards sur une navigation houleuse
No full textNational audienceCe chapitre décrit les relations tripartites au cours d’une recherche doctorale réalisée dans le cadre d’une CIFRE entre une doctorante, son entreprise employeur et la directrice de thèse. Il décrit les tensions qui ont émergé malgré les conditions très favorables à la recherche et la manière dont les parties prenantes ont traversé le processus
Refractive indices of photochemical haze analogs for Solar System and exoplanet applications: A cross-laboratory comparative study between the PAMPRE and COSmIC experimental setups
No full textInternational audiencePrevious observations of Titan, Pluto, and Solar System gas giants, along with recent observations of exoplanet atmospheres with the James Webb Space Telescope, have taught us that photochemical hazes are ubiquitous and form in a variety of temperature, gas composition, and irradiation environments. Despite their crucial role in understanding their impact on observations and on the planetary radiative budget, the refractive indices of these haze particles remain unknown and are strongly influenced by changes in gas-phase chemistry. In this study, we performed a cross-laboratory investigation to assess the effect of the experimental setup and gas composition on the refractive indices of Titan, Pluto, and exoplanet haze analogs. We report new data in a broad spectral range from UV to far-IR (up to 200 µm) for future use in climate models and retrieval frameworks. We compare the refractive indices of laboratory haze analogs produced from six different gas compositions, in which we varied the relative abundances N 2 /CH 4 and CH 4 /CO in the initial gas mixture, using the PAMPRE (LATMOS, France) and COSmIC (NASA Ames Research Center, USA) experimental setups. We observed strong variations in the k values in the spectral range from UV to near-IR between the different analogs, which are caused by both the experimental setup and changes in the gas N 2 /CH 4 ratio. We find that the gas N 2 /CH 4 ratio has a stronger influence on the haze refractive indices in the entire spectral range compared to the gas CH 4 /CO ratio. The experimental setup is the primary factor affecting the refractive indices, confirming that the gas residence time, irradiation, pressure, and gas temperature are important parameters influencing the composition of the solid analog. The higher n and k values in the UV-visible range, along with the stronger amine, alkene, aromatic, and/or hetero-aromatic signatures in the mid-IR for the COSmIC analogs, are consistent with a greater incorporation of nitrogen into the COSmIC solid analogs compared to the PAMPRE analogs, even at similar nitrogen abundances in the gas phase. Haze analogs produced in gas mixtures without nitrogen, similar to the stratospheres of Solar System gas giants and the H 2 -dominated atmospheres of sub-Neptunes, are generally more transparent with lower n values across the entire spectral range from UV to mid-IR and should therefore be carefully considered in climate and observational applications. The variations in IR absorption features between hazes produced with and without nitrogen could help constrain the presence of N 2 in exoplanet atmospheres
Valeurs et valeur de l’action publique : performance et quête de sens
No full textInternational audienc