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Enquête sur les pratiques de gestion des données de la recherche à l’UPEC: Synthèse
No full textDans le contexte national et international de développement de politiques incitatives visant à faciliter la gestion des données de la recherche, à garantir leur conservation sur le moyen ou long terme, à favoriser l’ouverture des données et assurer la protection de celles le nécessitant (”aussi ouvert que possible, aussi fermé que nécessaire”), cette enquête, menée auprès de la communauté scientifique de l’Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), vise à mieux appréhender les pratiques existantes de gestion des données de la recherche au sein de l’établissement. L’enquête sur ces pratiques a vu le jour dans le cadre des travaux du Groupe de Travail (GT) “Données de la Recherche” réunissant plusieurs services de l’université : Direction de la Recherche et de la Valorisation (DRV), Direction de la Transformation (Pôle Données - Data Protection Officer [DPO]), Direction des Systèmes Informatiques (DSI) et Service Commun de la Documentation (SCD)
Le renouveau du sauvage : faire, refaire, laisser-faire le sauvage dans nos territoires
No full textDossier « Les professionnels de la montagne face aux transitions socio-environnementales »International audienceCet article propose une restitution du colloque « Le renouveau du sauvage » tenu au château de Cerisy du 26 juin au 2 juillet 2023, axé sur la cohabitation avec le sauvage et ses impacts sur la société. Le colloque a favorisé les échanges entre disciplines variées et acteurs de terrain (écologistes, géographes, historiens, philosophes, sociologues, naturalistes, gestionnaires d’espaces protégés, etc.). En parallèle, des interactions ont eu lieu avec le colloque « Que peut la littérature pour les vivants ? ». Cet article montre l’intérêt du dialogue entre sciences écologiques et humanités environnementales, révélant la diversité de la remise en question de l’anthropocentrisme. Il souligne également le rôle de la littérature et des arts dans la réesthétisation du monde malgré l’épuisement des récits. Le réensauvagement se décline sous diverses formes interrogées par la transition écologique
Generative AI in Design Education: Pedagogical Uses and Critical Thinking
No full textInternational audienceGenerative artificial intelligence (AI) systems offer significant opportunities for education, while also posing risks like the unreliability of the generated content and potential misuses. We conducted an exploratory study with students in user experience design on a pedagogical approach that integrates generative AI into the curriculum while fostering critical thinking. Several activities were designed in which the learners produced and evaluated artificial content. Our preliminary findings suggest that, although such educational activities can enhance awareness of AI-related challenges, the design of generative systems interfaces tends to limit active learning. These results highlight the necessity of developing AI interfaces adapted to the educational context, interfaces that not only facilitate the use of generative systems but also actively support critical thinking
How generics obscure the logic of conditionals
No full textInternational audienceThis paper discusses counter‐examples to modus ponens and modus tollens involving modals and quantificational adverbs, and presents new counter‐examples with generic conditionals. We argue that the counter‐examples are spurious, and are explained by the domain‐restricting effects of if ‐clauses. Generic conditionals are especially problematic because the generic operator is silent and detectable only through its interpretive effects. A second, experimental case study involving nested conditionals illustrates the ease with which generic conditionals can mislead theorists about the logic of conditionals. To avoid pitfalls, theorists choosing examples and designing experimental materials must pay close attention to the special linguistic properties of generics
Reconstitution comparée des écosystèmes Weichselien et Saalien Supérieur en Europe de l’ouest et du sud
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Negotiating time, space and the body: a Lefebvrian rhythmanalysis of mobile care work in France
No full textInternational audienc
An intense peak of paraglacial dismantlement of mountain slopes: Insights from dating and volume quantification of rock-slope failure deposits in the Icelandic Westfjords (Dýrafjörður and Önundarfjörður)
No full textInternational audienceParaglacial rock slope failures (RSFs) are prominent processes of landscape evolution in deglaciated terrains, such as the Westfjords of Iceland. This study aims to provide chronological and volumetric data on RSF deposits in the Dýrafjörður and Önundarfjörður fjords, in order to document the magnitude, duration, and geomorphic impact of the intense peak of Early and Middle Holocene paraglacial denudation. By refining the timing of a paraglacial signal, this work contributes to a better understanding of sedimentary production and landscape evolution during the Holocene.A total of 17 RSFs was studied, described and mapped using the Schmidt-hammer exposure-age dating method, calibrated with radiocarbon dating. Surficial block morphometry and volumetric estimates of RSF deposits were derived from field measurements, orthophotography, and high-resolution digital elevation models.RSF ages are concentrated in the Early to Middle Holocene. The vast majority of this activity occurred between 12 and 6 cal. ka BP. During this 6000-year interval, ~83 million m3 of debris were deposited, which accounts for approximately 90% of the total volume (~92.5 M m3) from all 17 RSF sites. This indicates a primary paraglacial adjustment phase characterized by high sediment delivery efficiency. Slope reactivations occurred over periods up to 3400 years, with superimpositions of deposits: these are multi-phased RSFs.Finally, a significant lag of approximately 3000 years is observed between the deglaciation (~10.2 cal. ka BP) and the peak in rock-slope failure activity (8–6 cal. ka BP), which coincides with the Holocene Thermal Maximum climax in Iceland (8.6–5.2 cal. ka BP). The subsequent cessation of major RSFs activity after ~4 cal. ka BP marks the transition to a stable, non-glacial equilibrium
Tree water status behavior of two common European urban species using dendrometric measurements and remote sensing imagery.
No full textInternational audienceWith growing urban populations and rising heatwaves, urban trees are increasingly valued for their cooling benefits through transpiration and shading. However, water stress can limit transpiration, and the effects of urban environment and species-specific traits on tree water status remain understudied. This work investigates how meteorology, soil imperviousness and species influence tree water status behavior, and how vegetation indices derived from remote sensing relate to tree water status, at both seasonal and individual tree scales. Eleven mature Acer platanoides and Tilia x euchlora trees (two common European urban species) growing under varying soil imperviousness levels in a medium-sized French city were monitored. For summer 2023 and spring 2024, two dendrometric indicators of water status - maximum daily shrinkage (MDS) and tree water deficit (TWD) - were calculated, and vegetation index NDVI was extracted from SuperDove imagery. Results show that TWD, more than MDS, effectively assessed tree water status and was closely linked to vapor pressure deficit and relative humidity. Higher soil imperviousness increased water deficit in both seasons, particularly for trees in pits. Acer platanoides exhibited a more isohydric strategy than Tilia x euchlora. NDVI was strongly correlated with TWD in summer 2023 (R² = -0.43), and with MDS in spring 2024 (R² = 0.40). These findings underline the value of dendrometric measurements in urban environments for understanding tree water status, and highlight the potential of very high spatio-temporal resolution satellite data to assess individual tree water status across cities, supporting improved management to maximize the cooling benefits of urban trees
Première étape ou couronnement de parcours ? L’université de Paris dans le cursus des étudiants étrangers à la fin du Moyen Âge
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Non-Invasive Acidic Pretreatment Technology of Anaerobic Digestion of Waste-Activated Sludge (WAS) on Biogas Production: Unveiling the Role of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPSs) and Pharmaceutical Degradation
No full textInternational audienceNon-invasive acidic pretreatments using acetic acid (1–5 mM) and citric acid (0.02–0.1 g g−1 TS) were investigated to enhance anaerobic digestion (AD) of waste-activated sludge (WAS). Both pretreatments improved short-term process stability, with pH (6.5–7.1) and alkalinity (1000–5000 mg CaCO3 L−1) remaining within optimal ranges during 10-day digestion. Acetic acid markedly enhanced solubilization and acidification, increasing volatile fatty acids to ~2500 mg L−1 (+67% vs. control), whereas citric acid achieved ~2000 mg L−1 (+37%). EPS analysis revealed pronounced redistribution of polysaccharides and proteins, with acetic acid inducing stronger disruption of the EPS matrix (SB-EPS polysaccharides up to 34.1 mg eq Glc mL−1). Specific methane yield increased from 28.5 mL CH4 g−1 VS (control) to 101.7 mL CH4 g−1 VS with acetic acid (3.6-fold) and to 73.8 mL CH4 g−1 VS with citric acid (2.5-fold). Gompertz modeling confirmed higher maximum methane potential, ~68% higher maximum methane production rates, and reduced lag phases for both pretreatments. In contrast, pharmaceutical concentrations (31 compounds) were largely unaffected by acid pretreatment, with significant reductions observed only for selected biodegradable molecules