Publications scientifiques de l'EnvA
Not a member yet
10807 research outputs found
Sort by
Non-Aspergillus invasive mould infections in liver transplant recipients : a French national retrospective case-control study, 2007 to 2021
No full textInternational audienceBACKGROUND: Non-Aspergillus invasive mould infections (IMIs) are emerging in immunocompromised patients and liver is the second most commonly organ transplanted worldwide. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter retrospective case-control (1:1) study of liver transplant recipients diagnosed with non-Aspergillus IMIs in France between January 2007 and December 2021. RESULTS: We identified 27/14,332 (0.18%) LT recipients with non-Aspergillus IMIs. Mucorales spp. (48%) were the most common pathogens, followed by Scedosporium spp. (14%), Fusarium spp. (14%), and other IMIs (25%). Lungs were the primary infection site, followed by soft tissues, abdomen, brain, sinuses, heart, and bone. Multivariate analysis showed that a MELD score > 20 prior to transplantation and primary antifungal prophylaxis (with echinocandins or fluconazole) tended to increase the risk of non-Aspergillus IMIs by nearly threefold ((aOR: 3.73, 95% CI [0.90-15.45], p = 0.07) and (aOR: 3.93; 95% CI [0.94-16.42], p = 0.06) respectively). The 6-month mortality rate was 55%. In a Cox survival model, non-Aspergillus IMIs were associated with a threefold increase in mortality risk ((HR: 3.82 [2.01-7.26] p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Non-Aspergillus IMIs are rare but highly fatal infections whose early diagnosis in high-risk liver-transplanted patients is essential. Whether or not recently available molecular tools for diagnosing non-Aspergillus IMIs will improve their prognosis in the liver transplantation setting remains to be studied
Duration of Intrauterine Balloon Tamponade in Post‐Partum Haemorrhage Management After Vaginal Delivery: A Secondary Cohort Analysis From the French TUB Trial
No full textInternational audienceObjectiveTo compare the rates of bleeding recurrence and other post-partum haemorrhage (PPH)-related clinical outcomes in women with PPH initially controlled by intrauterine balloon tamponade (IUBT) according to its duration.DesignExploratory cohort study from a randomised trial.SettingEighteen hospitals in France.PopulationAll women included in the randomised trial and managed with IUBT. Those whose balloon was removed within the first 2 h of placement because of spontaneous expulsion and those who underwent invasive procedures before the planned IUBT removal were excluded.MethodsThe first quartile of the distribution of the IUBT duration was 6.9 h, and we divided the population into two groups according to the duration: ≤ 7 h vs.> 7 h. To control for confounding factors, we used a propensity score adjustment approach.Main Outcome MeasuresNeed for an invasive procedure, rate of recurrence of bleeding after removal of the IUBT, and mean quantified peri-partum blood loss.ResultsTotally, 199 women were included. No invasive procedures were performed, and there was no recurrence of bleeding in either group. There were no significant differences in mean (±SD) quantified total blood loss (1126 ± 383 mL vs. 1240 ± 505 mL, p = 0.1) or the need for transfusion (9 [18%] vs. 40 [27%], p = 0.2) between groups, even after adjustment.ConclusionsA shorter IUBT duration (7 h) is not associated with unfavourable PPH outcomes and may therefore be a reasonable option if ongoing haemorrhage has abated. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution due to the imbalance in clinical indication between groups
EVALUATION OF SYSTEMIC AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS AFTER SYSTEMATIC AND EARLY EXTRACORPOREAL CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION IN SWINE
No full textInternational audienceBackgroundExtracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) is thought to be efficient when performed promptly after cardiac arrest. However, its neurological benefit remains questionable if applied very early and systematically.Accordingly, we sought to compare systemic and cerebral hemodynamics when ECPR was implemented systematically compared to conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CCPR) with epinephrine. Material and MethodsFollowing 5 minutes of untreated ventricular fibrillation, pigs were randomly submitted to CCPR with epinephrine or crystalloid-primed ECPR after either a 10-or 30-minute low-flow (4 groups: CCPR 10', ECPR 10', CCPR 30' and ECPR 30'. Defibrillations were then delivered until the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Swine were followed 240 minutes from cardiopulmonary onset. ResultsSix pigs were included in each group. Survival rate was higher in CCPR 10' group vs ECPR 10' (6/6 vs 2/6; p=0.02) but not significantly different between CCPR 30' and ECPR 30' groups (2/6 vs 0/6; p=0.53). In ECPR 10' and 30' groups, ECPR was associated with lower cerebral perfusion pressure, lower jugular venous oxygen saturation and higher-pressure reactivity index after ROSC, as compared to CCPR 10' and 30'. A decrease in mean arterial pressure, along with an increase in norepinephrine dose and blood lactate level were also found in ECPR 10' and 30' groups after ROSC, as compared to CCPR 10' and 30'. ConclusionsThe early and systemic implementation of ECPR after either a 10-or 30-minute low-flow was associated with impaired cerebral and systemic hemodynamics after ROSC, as compared to CCPR with epinephrine.</div
Effects of loading processes on contact forces when simulating static seating with a finite element human body model
No full textInternational audienceSeat interface forces, particularly shear forces, play an essential role in predicting the risk of pressure ulcers and seating discomfort. When a finite element human body model (HBM) is used for static seating simulation, the most common loading method is to put the model in a position close to the desired final posture and then ‘drop’ it from just above the seat by applying the gravity (DROP). This does not represent how people sit in a seat. In addition, high coefficients of friction (COF) are often used to prevent sliding, which may lead to unrealistically high tangential forces. This study aims to investigate the effects of the loading process and the COF on seating simulations with a HBM. We propose a new loading approach called ‘drop and rotate’ (D&R) to better mimic people sitting on a seat. With the trunk more flexed than the desired posture, the model is dropped to establish the contact between the buttocks and thighs, and the seat pan first, and then between the back and the backrest by rotating the hip. Simulations were performed using a recently developed and validated adult male model in two different seat configurations. Results show that the proposed D&R method was less sensitive to COF and gave a better prediction of contact forces, especially on the seat pan. However, its computational time is higher than the DROP method. The study highlights the importance of the loading process when simulating static seating
Estimation bayésienne de la sensibilité et de la spécificité des diagnostics coprologiques et sérologiques pour la recherche de l’infestation d’un élevage par Ascaris suum
No full textInternational audienceL’étude compare des diagnostics coprologiques et sérologiques pour définir le statut des élevages de porcs vis-à-vis d’Ascaris suum. Le diagnostic coprologique est très spécifique mais peu sensible. Le diagnostic sérologique, plus sensible et assez spécifique, est plus adapté au diagnostic de troupeau, avec des performances augmentées en considérant qu’un élevage est positif à partir de deux sérums positifs sur di
Aphid stylin cuticular proteins contribute to turnip mosaic virus ( Potyvirus ) transmission
No full textAbstract Hundreds of plant viruses are transmitted by aphid vectors, among which non-circulative ones are acquired and inoculated from one host to another within seconds. These viruses are retained on receptors located at the surface of the cuticle of aphid mouthparts. Members of the Potyviridae family are the most abundant RNA viruses infecting plants, and they cause significant economic losses. Among them, viruses of the Potyvirus genus are transmitted by aphids in a stylet-borne manner. Their receptors in aphid stylets remain poorly characterized. Using turnip mosaic virus (TuMV, Potyvirus rapae ) as a model, we developed complementary approaches to investigate potyvirus-aphid interactions in three vector species. Immunofluorescence detection and transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of TuMV in the distal part of aphid maxillary stylets, both in the food canal and on the acrostyle. This cuticular organ houses Stylin proteins, including Stylin-01, the receptor for the cauliflower mosaic virus ( Caulimovirus tessolobrassicae ). Using CRISPR-Cas9-edited Stylin-01 mutant lines in the pea aphid, we demonstrated that this protein plays an important role in TuMV transmission. Complementary RNA interference silencing experiments revealed that Stylin-04/04bis also mediate TuMV transmission. Furthermore, our findings reveal that targeting simultaneously Stylin-01 and Stylin-04/04bis more strongly impaired the aphids’ ability to transmit TuMV, suggesting that virus transmission relies on a multi-component stylin interface rather than a single receptor. In conclusion, these results highlight that in complex interactions between potyviruses and their aphid vectors, Stylin proteins are key actors, underscoring their importance in the transmission of stylet-borne viruses
Combination of azathioprine and prednisolone as a treatment for meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin in dogs: 54 cases
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Information regarding efficacy of combination of azathioprine and prednisolone in treating meningoencephalomyelitis o f unknown origin (MUO) in dogs is limited. Hypothesis/Objectives: To report median survival time in dogs with MUO treated with a combination of a zathioprine and prednisolone and assess its tolerability. Animals: Ninety-two dogs diagnosed with MUO between January 2011 and December 2022 that r eceived azathioprine and prednisolone. Methods: A retrospective medical record review was conducted. Diagnosis of MUO was based on clinical signs, magnetic resonance i maging features, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Results: Median survival time was 1289 days (range: 30-3356). Median survival time did not differ significantly between dogs that presented with seizures (n = 12; 308 days) and those without seizures (1289 days; P = .74), nor between dogs that experienced relapses (n = 20; 1153 days) and those that did not (1697 days; P = .58). Myelosuppression occurred in 10 dogs and hepatotoxicity i n 1 dog. In 9 dogs, adverse effects resolved with drug discontinuation or dose reduction. One dog died from hepatic necrosis and 1 from myelosuppression. Conclusions and clinical importance: Combination of azathioprine and prednisolone is associated with long median survival times for dogs with MUO in this study. Adverse drug reactions were reversible in most cases but can be fatal in some. Therefore, hematological v alues and hepatic variables should be monitored.</div
Bridging eco-exposome and one health approaches to address emerging infectious diseases through the EMERG project
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction Emerging or re-emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are being increasingly reported and represent a significant burden on public health and global economies, as exemplified by COVID-19 pandemic. Context Given the current EID importance at the territory level in Nouvelle-Aquitaine (NA, a French southwestern region), we designed a project to address this risk. The EMERG project and consortium (for “Microbial exposome and EID risks: the benefits of a One Health management of zoonotic influenza-related issues and beyond”) aim at deciphering and anticipating EID risks in NA. EMERG project design EMERG is a transdisciplinary network for evaluating and predicting EID risk and zoonotic potential. EMERG focuses on highly pathogenic avian influenza, zoonotic arboviral infections due to West Nile and Usutu viruses, and the burden of microbial multidrug resistance in NA. Investigative approaches were developed considering the exposome extended to animals, namely the eco-exposome and specifically the microbial eco-exposome. It brings together specialists in human, animal and environmental health. EMERG aim is to provide up-to-date and region-specific data on major EID risks and their determinants in NA, thereby facilitating local management and anticipation of threatening events, epizootics, and epidemics. Implications, limitations, and future directions In addition to addressing the multiscale nature of complex ecosystems driving EIDs, this transdisciplinary project supports informed decision-making for an adapted regional (NA) policy and can be integrated into larger (national, international) public health initiatives. While EMERG has several limitations, it represents a practical implementation of the One Health approach and eco-exposome concept, which is essential for preventing future EID risks. Here, we focused on project design and organization, and presented examples to demonstrate EMERG feasibility throughout a case study
Detection of Multiple Microorganisms in Ruminant Ticks in Senegal Using High‐Throughput Microfluidic Real‐Time PCR
No full textInternational audienceTicks are major vectors of numerous pathogens affecting both livestock and humans. In Senegal, data on the diversity of tick‐borne pathogens (TBPs) in ruminant‐associated ticks remain limited. In total, 1703 ticks were collected from goats, sheep, and cattle across three ecological zones of Senegal (Sudanian, Sahelian, and Sudano‐Sahelian). Tick species were identified morphologically, and 300 individuals were screened for 36 microorganisms using a high‐throughput microfluidic real‐time PCR system. DNA was successfully extracted and amplified from 289 ticks. The most abundant species were Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi (32.3%), Hyalomma truncatum (19.6%), R. guilhoni (15.6%), H. rufipes (11.6%), and Amblyomma variegatum (11.0%). Among the screened ticks, 226 (78.9%) were positive for at least one microorganism. True pathogens of veterinary and/or zoonotic importance included Anaplasma ovis (30.8%), Coxiella spp. (23.9%), Rickettsia aeschlimannii (13.1%), Theileria spp. (11.1%), and Ehrlichia canis (4.8%), with sporadic detections of Anaplasma marginale , A. bovis , and Babesia spp. (0.3% each). In addition, non‐pathogenic Francisella ‐like endosymbionts (FLEs) were detected at high prevalence (37.4%) across all ecological zones. The presence of TBPs and/or endosymbionts was significantly associated only with the tick’s host in the multivariable logistic regression model. Ticks collected from goats (OR = 7.82; p = 0.024) and sheep (OR = 7.70; p = 0.015) were significantly more likely to be infected than those collected from cattle (reference group). A total of 96 cases of microorganism co‐occurrence were recorded across different tick species. Co‐infections were more frequent in ticks collected from the Sudano‐Sahelian zone (48.2%) and in those from sheep (32.0%). None of the detected microorganism species showed a significant associated with tick sex. This study represents the first large‐scale molecular survey of TBPs in ruminant‐associated ticks in Senegal, revealing both a high diversity of pathogens and a widespread presence of tick endosymbionts. While endosymbionts, such as FLEs, are not known to be pathogenic, their abundance may influence tick physiology and vector competence. The detection of zoonotic pathogens, such as E. canis and R. aeschlimannii , underscores the need to strengthen tick surveillance and investigate their potential public health implications