Portail HAL du CIHEAM Montpellier
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Livelihood profiling and sensitivity of livelihood strategies to land cover dynamics and agricultural variability
No full textAbstract and Oral presentationInternational audienceWith population increase and the urbanisation of rural areas, land scarcity is one of the biggest challenges now faced by communities in agrarian societies. At the household level, loss of land can be due to physical processes such as erosion, to social constraints such as inheritance, or to financial constraints such as loan reimbursement or the need of cash. For rural households, whose livelihoods are mainly based on agriculture, a decrease in the area of land cultivated can have significant consequences on their livelihood strategies, thus on their livelihood outcomes. However, it is still unclear how changes in cultivated area and agricultural productivity influence households’ livelihood systems, including community capitals and households’ livelihood strategies. This study aims to answer this gap by combining together earth observation from space, national census and participatory qualitative data into a community-wise analysis of the relationships between land cover dynamics, variability in agricultural production and livelihood activities. Its overarching aim is to investigate how land cover dynamics relates to changes in livelihood strategies and livelihood capitals. The study demonstrates that a change in land cover influences livelihood activities differently depending on the community capitals that households have access to. One significant aspect of integrating land dynamics with livelihood activities is its capacity to provide insights on the relationships between climate, agriculture, livelihood dynamics and rural development. More broadly, it gives policymakers new methods to characterise livelihood dynamics, thus to monitor some of the key Sustainable Development Goals: food security (SDG2), employment dynamics (SDG8), inequalities (SDG10) and sustainability of communities (SDG11)
Compilation of HNVf baseline assessment for 10 learning areas across Europe
No full textThis report is a compilation of study cases based on collaborative work of all HNV-Link partners, edited and compiled by members of the WP1 and the Coordination Team. HNV-Link WP1 deliverable 1.3The concept of HNV farming is complex. It conceptually links farming systems and nature value in a holistic apprehension, crossing production-economy, environment and territories. Thus capturing the spatial and territorial dimension of HNV is inherent to any preliminary approach of any action envisaged to conserve HNV farming systems. The issue is not only to conserve farming systems in themselves or natural area in themselves but the two altogether. This conservation approach brings to the need to apprehend the development of farming systems in a multiscalar approach. This necessity to bridge the two dimensions makes the very sense of HNV Link, with the idea of HNV innovation understood in a broad territorial, market and institutional perspectives. At this stage of the process, in each learning area, the baseline assessment has the primary roles of enrolment and innovation assessment
Étude sur l’agriculture familiale à petite échelle au Proche-Orient et Afrique du Nord. Pays focus : Liban
No full textInternational audienceLe paysage agraire libanais est caractérisé par l’existence d’une petite agriculture rassemblant une majorité de ménages ruraux, dont le fonctionnement, le rôle et la contribution au développement de l’agriculture sont encore mal connus. Ces raisons sont l’objet de cette étude. Cette étude traite 3 thèmes majeurs : i) de l’état de l’agriculture libanaise et de la place de la petite agriculture familiale et de ses caractéristiques, de son rôle économique et social, ii) des changements dans le contexte de la transition structurelle au plan démographique et économique et, iii) des politiques publiques d’appui dédiées aux petites exploitations agricoles. Pour répondre à l’objectif de cette étude, faute de disponibilité des données sur la taille foncière, les systèmes de culture, les données concernant les revenus des cultures, les investissements par classe de superficie, la méthode retenue pour définir la petite agriculture au Liban était basée sur l’hypothèse de base qu’une petite exploitation est définie en référence à l’exploitation moyenne (13,6 dn). Quel que soit le système de culture, le volume de capital mobilisé ou les niveaux de revenus, la petite exploitation a été définie comme toute exploitation dont la taille de superficie est égale ou inférieur à 10 dounoums soit un hectare
Nouveau record en vue pour la Mer Noire / La France renoue avec de belles moissons
No full textInternational audienc
Agricultural household effects of fertilizer price changes for smallholder farmers in central Malawi
No full textInternational audienceThis simulation study explored the agricultural household effects of changes in the price of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer for farmers in central Malawi. We selected the Dedza district to conduct this study, which is a district reliant on maize production for household livelihoods. This study used data from a household survey to develop and calibrate an agricultural household model for a representative household. The survey focused on socio-economic and agronomic factors. This included plot-level agronomic details for crop inputs and yields. Using our dynamic model, we found a negative association between fertilizer prices and fertilizer use, maize area, and income. Removing fertilizer prices led to an increased use of nitrogen fertilizer at the household scale from 16.8 kg to 49.6 kg and this helped increase household income by 52%. We calculated an average own-price elasticity of fertilizer demand of − 0.92. Although higher fertilizer prices increased legume acreage, which had potential environmental benefits, household income fell. Our benefit-cost ratio calculations suggest that government actions that deliver changes in fertilizer prices are relatively cost effective. Our study highlights the reliance of households on maize production and consumption for their livelihood, and the effects that changes in fertilizer prices can have upon them
Zones humides méditerranéennes : suivre les services récréatifs et éducatifs
No full textInternational audienceQue cherche le visiteur d'une zone humide ? Le savoir permet d'adapter sa gestion et d'apporter les bons arguments aux décideurs sur l'impact humain et social de la visite de ces écosystème
Designing Sustainable Agricultural and Food Production Systems under Global Changes in the Mediterranean
No full textBook of abstractsInternational audienceThe CIHEAM launched its First Forum initiative for PhD students and young researchers from the Mediterranean area. The Forum was organized at its Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Montpellier with the aim to foster communication, dialogue and co-publications between the various partner institutions conducting scientific research in the field of rural development in Mediterranean countries. In this endeavor, the CIHEAM has been supported by a strong partnership with The Union for the Mediterranean through the regional project on Higher Education on Food Security and Rural Development. The Research Unit “System” and the Western Europe Department of the Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie (Francophone University Agency) also provided scientific and financial support to the event together with other partner institutions of the CIHEAM-IAMM in the Mediterranean area. This book of abstracts presents the research results of some sixty PhD students and young researchers selected on the quality of their research work undertaken within the CIHEAM as well as in other National Higher Education and Research Institutions in the Mediterranean region
Agricultural cooperatives in Egypt and its role as important actors in agricultural and rural development
No full textNational Workshop ENPARD, 2017/01/08-09, Cairo (Egypt) Synthesis note. ENPARD South initiative (European Commission
Big data: a cultural and technical challenge for which agriculture has strong assets
No full textInternational audienceNo doubt that big data is a technical challenge. During the Euragri workshop organized in Paris on March 9th 2016 on how to tackle this challenge in agriculture, the extent to which it is accompanied with cultural transformation became more and more obvious. The workshop highlighted also that the agriculture sector has a number of assets to benefit from the opportunities given by big data. Reversely agriculture could provide an interesting application field for specialists of big data
