Portail des publications scientifiques de VetAgro Sup
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A database to predict safety risks of raw milk cheeses from farming practices in climate change context
No full textInternational audienceIn France over the last decade, respectively 37% and 60% of listeriosis and enterohaemorrhagic E. coli infections outbreaks have been linked to the consumption of raw milk cheeses. In Massif Central, farms of Saint-Nectaire PDO are affected by sanitary alerts per year due to Listeria monocytogenes and Salers PDO farms due to Listeria monocytogenes and E. coli. These alerts occur rarely, or recurrently (more than 2 times/year). Different studies showed that it is today crucial to take a systemic approach to the microbiodiversity of raw milk, from the grassland, through the farming and processing methods, right up to the consumption of the cheese. Consolidated data over years in an adapted database are needed to predict the links between farming practices and sanitary risks in a context of climate change and agricultural practices’ evolutions.A first database prototype was built with the identified variables, including the entity-relationship diagram and a data dictionary. More than 210 variables were identified in farming, milking and cheesemaking practices and grouped into 11 clusters. Each variable was explained by label description, type (numeric, alphanumeric, date), units, modalities, constraints and calculation rules, information source and reliability level. Database queries permitted to describe farm status to date. First multivariate statistical analyses were conducted on the data of 40 PDO’s farms. Data structuring enabled work on single or numerous farming practices scale and their links with sanitary situations. Collected data will aim at being used to build an explanatory model and to establish a multi-criteria ranking in PDOs agricultural systems
Grassland-Based Farming Systems Targeting Agroecology: Which Indicators Should Be Used for On-Farm Assessment?
No full textInternational audienceThis study investigates grassland-based farming systems within the framework of agroecology (AE), focusing on the identification of relevant indicators for on-farm assessment. The purpose of this research is to test indicator compliance with AE at the farming system level in grassland farms, particularly in High-Nature-Value (HNV) areas. Seventeen farms in France and Italy were selected for this study, and data were collected through semi-structured interviews. These interviews explored various indicators across environmental, economic, and social dimensions. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to analyze the quantitative indicators, while qualitative data offered insights into farm management and learning practices. The results highlighted the importance of forage self-sufficiency (livestock production dimension) and revenue (economic dimension) as key indicators of successful agroecological management. The study also found that increasing forage self-sufficiency was linked to higher farmer satisfaction, an indicator related to the social dimension. Additionally, qualitative data underscored the significance of self-sufficiency, workload management, and social interaction and continuous learning as critical elements in grassland-based farming. In conclusion, this research proposes self-sufficiency as an indicator that can facilitate the assessment of grassland-based systems, aiding in the broader adoption of agroecological practices in compliance with European policies
Bacterial diversity and health hazards associated with resuspended road matter transported by runoff into storm and combined sewers
No full textInternational audienceABSTRACT Road surfaces accumulate anthropogenized sediments contaminated by animal waste, soil particles, and atmospheric deposits, raising hygienic concerns. During rainfall events, these sediments can be resuspended and transported via runoff into storm and combined sewers. This study investigated the bacterial diversity and potential health hazards associated with resuspended road-deposited matter in a peri-urban area. Quantitative PCR and metabarcoding analyses of 16S rRNA and tpm genes were performed to (i) identify the sources of bacterial taxa colonizing road surfaces, (ii) define core and specific taxa and assess their capacity to survive in downstream sewer environments, and (iii) explore their functional potential. Several taxa were linked to human and animal sources, with notable occurrences of bacterial pathogen DNA signatures. Amplicon sequence variant profiling revealed that resuspended road surface communities were more similar to those in storm sewage than in combined sewage. Functional annotation suggested that road surface taxa had enhanced pollutant degradation capabilities with some representing significant health hazards. Indicator taxa were identified to support the hygienic assessment of road-deposited sediments. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring road runoff as a vector of microbial contaminants in urban water systems
iPAR: A framework for modelling and inferring information about disease spread when the populations at risk are unknown
No full textInternational audienceWe introduce the inference for populations at risk (iPAR) framework which enables modelling and estimation of spatial disease dynamics in scenarios where the population at risk is unknown or poorly mapped. This framework addresses a gap in spatial infectious disease modelling approaches, with current methods typically requiring data on the spatial distribution of the population at risk. The principles for iPAR are demonstrated in the context of a susceptible-infected disease dynamics model coupled with Bayesian inference implemented via data-augmentation Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). This implementation of iPAR is tested for a range of scenarios using simulated outbreak data. Results indicate that the method can effectively estimate key properties of disease spread from spatio-temporal case reports and make useful predictions of future spread. The method is then applied to a case study exploring the 2014–2019 Estonian outbreak of African Swine Fever (ASF) in wild boar. Estimates of epidemiological parameters reveal evidence for long distance transmission, as well as disease control via reduction of the wild boar population in Estonia
Synchronie plante-sol dans les cycles des nutriments - Apprendre des écosystèmes pour mettre en place des agrosystèmes durables
No full textFiche EJP Soil, version française, février 202
Dynamics of Leptospirosis Transmission Within Urban Norway Rat ( Rattus norvegicus ) Populations in Densely Populated French Areas: Implications for Public Health
No full textInternational audienceLeptospirosis, a bacterial zoonosis with a worldwide distribution, represents a major public health challenge. It is caused by the spirochete Leptospira, whose main reservoir in urban environments is the brown rat ( Rattus norvegicus ). Understanding the transmission dynamics of this disease within a rat population is essential for controlling the risk of human infection. In this study, an original capture method was used to analyze variations in carriage and bacterial load according to age in two distinct populations of brown rats, to provide a better understanding of the transmission routes of Leptospira within a population. A total of 508 rats were captured from all age categories, from newborns to very young rats (representing 18% of the animals) to very old rats (representing 21% of the animals). The overall prevalence of leptospirosis was between 30% and 50%, depending on the population. A single strain was identified in both studied populations: Leptospira interrogans belonging to the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup and the Icterohaemorrhagiae serovar. Surprisingly, in both populations, our study reveals a sudden change in the prevalence at 300/400g, jumping from 20 to 30% to over 75%. Moreover, none of the 98 fetuses collected from 13 pregnant females infected with Leptospira was detected as infected. This sudden change and the absence of infected fetus demonstrate the major role of horizontal transmission in the dynamics of leptospirosis infections and minimize the importance of vertical transmission
Structure and determinants of the cost of setting up a farm: The case of young farmers in Central France
No full textInternational audienceThe experience of young farmers setting up in business has important implications for the rejuvenation of the age profile of the farming profession. The cost of taking over a farm is a key factor governing access to the profession. We focus here on the cost that young farmers must incur in order to take control of a farm business, and the determinants of this cost at the time of transfer. The contribution of this paper is that we investigate the total cost of setting up a farm, which includes not only the purchase price paid by the farmer on taking over the farm, but also the cost of adapting the farm for their projects and needs; that is, the investment costs in the first 4 years following the set up. Our analysis is based on an original database of administrative records for grants to young farmers in the French region of Puy-de-Dôme during the period 2007–2017. The results show that the average purchase price is around 80,000 Euros, while the investment required during the first 4 years following set-up is an additional cost of almost 200,000 Euros. The total cost of setting up depends on the young farmer's age and education, the size of the farm, its legal status, the main production on the farm, and the levers used to create value, such as short supply chains, on-farm processing, and using a quality label, however, producing using organic practices and setting up in a family context do not influence the cost
Profil thérapeutique comparé de la capromoréline et de la mirtazapine
No full textNational audienceLa capromoréline et la mirtazapine sont deux agents pharmacologiques utilisés pour stimuler l'appétit chez les chats, en particulier ceux qui souffrent d'une maladie chronique (cancer, insuffisance rénale par exemple), mais aucune étude n'a comparé leurs effets dans les mêmes conditions dans cette espèce. Leur mécanisme d'action diffère, tout comme leur mode d'administration et leur profil d'efficacité
Assessing recreationists’ preferences of the landscape and species using crowdsourced images and machine learning
No full textInternational audienceCrowdsourced data are now well-established for assessing cultural ecosystem services (CES). In rural areas, understanding which land covers people prefer to recreate in, and how these land covers provide different CES, is necessary to support sustainable use. In this study, we aim to assess recreationists’ revealed preferences of landscape aesthetics and species observation as two CES, considering multiple land cover types in a rural area in France. This assessment was carried out using georeferenced images from two crowdsourced sources (Flickr and Wikiloc) and by analyzing their content using a machine-learning algorithm. We further developed a framework to classify images based on their content into CES-related images (those depicting landscapes or species) and non-CES-related images. Finally, we assessed how images depicting landscape aesthetics and species observation are distributed across the land covers visited by recreationists, and which species groups are the most photographed. Our results showed the dominance of images of open landscape views over close-up species images, and that grasslands are the primary providers of open views. In addition, we found that forests also provide open landscape views, suggesting that forests with gaps in canopy cover and viewpoints can be as important as grasslands in providing aesthetic views, especially in hilly landscapes. For species, the category “plants and flowers“ was the most photographed, followed by invertebrates and birds on Flickr, and domestic livestock on Wikiloc. This study provides insights into the importance of using multiple crowdsourced sources in CES assessment, providing critical insights for both landscape managers and conservationists
All pet owners are not the same: End-of-Life caregiver expectations and profiles
No full textInternational audienceThe study aims to explore the specific needs of French pet owners who have experienced the loss of a pet, recognizing the limited focus on end-of-life and palliative care in veterinary practice. By characterizing owner profiles, the research seeks to enhance veterinary approaches and education to better address the unique challenges and emotional aspects associated with pet care and loss. An anonymous online survey was distributed to 302 French owners who already experienced the loss of an animal, including demographic information and feelings about their experience of a pet's end-of-life (EOL). Data were analysed using descriptive and qualitative analysis (including the use of AI chatbot ChatGPT). 56.6 % of participants reported a relatively smooth pet death, yet 67.0 % found the end-of-life period challenging. Three distinct owner groups emerged, each with varying needs. The first group expressed high guilt and a greater need for support, emphasizing the necessity for information and improved training. The second group, more informed and independent, benefits from veterinary support, while a leaflet suits them. The third group, competent in pain evaluation, requires less veterinary support. These differences highlight the importance of personalized owner support. The study proposes essential pillars for veterinarians and nurses' training, forming the EPITO system