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Organizational Autonomy: A Review and Agenda for Future Research
No full textInternational audienceOrganizational autonomy is a fundamental organizational design choice that holds a central position in management theories and practice. To date, this construct has suffered from definitional vagueness and conceptual fragmentation in its academic study across different management subfields. Drawing from a review of 87 articles appearing in top academic management journals, we had four objectives. We sought to establish clarity and consensus on the construct of organizational autonomy, to review the fragmented fields of studies on its determinants and outcomes, to identify unresolved or neglected debates, and to provide an organizing template for guiding future research. In a first section, we discuss the development of the organizational autonomy construct and review its diverse definitions, primary determinants, and outcomes. In a second section, we provide a set of recommendations spanning methodological directions and conceptual opportunities on the overlooked dynamics of organizational autonomy. Overall, our review provides a unified framework and direction for enhancing the understanding of one of the management field’s fundamental concepts
Epidemic control using stochastic and deterministic transmission models: performance comparison with and without parameter uncertainties
No full textAbstract Background The spread of infectious diseases can be modeled using deterministic models assuming a continuous population or stochastic models assuming a discrete population. A stochastic model can be approximated by its deterministic counterpart under some conditions, however deterministic models are unable to captures effects pertaining to the discrete nature of populations, for instance epidemic extinction. We look into the choice of a model – deterministic or stochastic – from the perspective of decision making. We are interested in the influence of parameter uncertainties and of the quality of the estimates used to inform decisions. Method We consider an emerging disease in a closed population whose spread can be modeled by a stochastic SIR model or its deterministic version. Our objective is to minimize the cumulative number of symptomatic infected-days over the course of the epidemic by picking a vaccination policy out of three available options. We consider four decision making scenarios: based on the stochastic model or the deterministic model, and informed or under parameter uncertainty. We also consider different sample sizes covering parameter draws, stochastic model runs, or both depending on the scenario. We estimate the average performance of decision making in each scenario and for each sample size. Results The model used for decision making has an influence on the picked policies. The best achievable performance is obtained with the stochastic model, knowing parameter values, and for a large sample size. For small sample sizes, the deterministic model can outperform the stochastic model due to stochastic effects, both in the informed and the uninformed cases. Starting with the deterministic model under uncertainty, resolving uncertainties brings more benefit than switching to the stochastic model in our example. Conclusion This article illustrates the interplay between the choice of a type of model, parameter uncertainties, and sample sizes. It points to issues to be carefully considered when attempting to optimize a stochastic model
Table ronde. Sobriété en entreprises : quelle place pour les salariés et leurs représentants ?
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Role of trust-building in online recycling platforms
No full textInternational audienceMany studies have addressed the research questions in online platforms and the collection of waste electric and electronic equipment. However, they may ignore the effect of trust-building in the online platform and how trust affects the optimal strategy in the recycling platform. Consumers must consider the price and credibility in the product recycling process due to the differentiated prices for the same products set by different online platforms. This work studies the profit of recyclers and platforms with a degree of trust-building in the reverse logistics system considering the following scenarios: online recycling platform builds trust or not under centralized and decentralized models. The results show that trust-building can effectively make more revenue for the system of the online recycling platform with enhanced demand if the cost of the trust-building construction is relatively low, especially in the centralized model. The revenue-sharing contract is more profitable than the cost-sharing contract but fails to achieve optimization in the integrated setting. We find a new decision support tool for optimal strategies under different decision-making models. This work helps the recycling platform improve mechanism design and make optimal decisions considering trust-building.<br /
Economic foundations of generalized games with shared constraint: Do binding agreements lead to less Nash equilibria?
No full textInternational audienceA generalized game is a situation in which interaction between agents occurs not only through their objective function but also through their strategy sets; the strategy set of each agent depends upon the decision of the other agents and is called the individual constraint. As opposed to generalized games with exogenous shared constraint literature pioneered by Rosen (1965), we take the individual constraints as the basic premises and derive the shared constraint generated from the individual ones, a set . For a profile of strategies to be a Nash equilibrium of the game with individual constraints, it must lie in . But if, given what the others do, each agent agrees to restrict her choice in , something that we call an endogenous shared constraint, this mutual restraint may generate new Nash equilibria. We show that the set of Nash equilibria in endogenous shared constraint contains the set of Nash equilibria in individual constraints. In particular, when there is no Nash equilibrium in individual constraints, there may still exist a Nash equilibrium in endogenous shared constraint. We also prove a few results for a specific class of generalized games that we call non-classical games. Finally, we give two economic applications of our results to collective action problems: carbon emission and public good problems
Négocier la précarité ? : Solidarité et prédation dans les négociations ordinaires des managers au sujet des travailleurs extérieurs
No full textInternational audienceLes négociations ordinaires ont été pensées comme un processus de construction d’un ordre social ordinaire, négocié par les acteurs en interaction pour obtenir la satisfaction de leurs souhaits respectifs. Cet article cherche à comprendre comment l’éclatement du cadre salarial traditionnel au travers du recours à des relations d’emploi triangulaires reconfigure l’ordre social dans l’entreprise cliente. Une enquête réalisée par observation participante dans une direction d’un grand groupe permet d’analyser les négociations ordinaires des managers au sujet des travailleurs extérieurs. Ces négociations se révèlent porteuses d’une ambivalence entre solidarité et prédation plutôt qu’entre coopération et affrontement, comme établi dans la littérature. L’ambiguïté sur les résultats produits se mesure en termes de précarité pour les travailleurs extérieurs concernés. Quatre résultats sont précisés en matière de négociations ordinaires conduites par les managers de l’entreprise cliente (avec la direction des ressources humaines et entre managers), de leurs effets combinés avec le statut d’emploi, ainsi que des causes de rupture anticipée de la relation de travail et leurs effets sur la satisfaction au travail et la stabilité de l’emploi des travailleurs extérieurs.<br /
Joint optimisation of drone routing and battery wear for sustainable supply chain development: A mixed-integer programming model based on blockchain-enabled fleet sharing
No full textInternational audienceAlongside the rise of ‘last-mile’ delivery in contemporary urban logistics, drones have demonstrate commercial potential, given their outstanding triple-bottom-line performance. However, as a lithium-ion battery-powered device, drones’ social and environmental merits can be overturned by battery recycling and disposal. To maintain economic performance, yet minimise environmental negatives, fleet sharing is widely applied in the transportation field, with the aim of creating synergies within industry and increasing overall fleet use. However, if a sharing platform’s transparency is doubted, the sharing ability of the platform will be discounted. Known for its transparent and secure merits, blockchain technology provides new opportunities to improve existing sharing solutions. In particular, the decentralised structure and data encryption algorithm offered by blockchain allow every participant equal access to shared resources without undermining security issues. Therefore, this study explores the implementation of a blockchain-enabled fleet sharing solution to optimise drone operations, with consideration of battery wear and disposal effects. Unlike classical vehicle routing with fleet sharing problems, this research is more challenging, with multiple objectives (i.e., shortest path and fewest charging times), and considers different levels of sharing abilities. In this study, we propose a mixed-integer programming model to formulate the intended problem and solve the problem with a tailored branch-and-price algorithm. Through extensive experiments, the computational performance of our proposed solution is first articulated, and then the effectiveness of using blockchain to improve overall optimisation is reflected, and a series of critical influential factors with managerial significance are demonstrated.<br/
HSD67 How Can a Digital Twin Help Achieve Technical Efficiency? an Application to the French Medical Genomics Pilot Sequencing Platform Auragen
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The most powerful leader is a servant leader
No full textInternational audience"Even in our post-modern 21st century, the phrase “servant leadership” sounds like an oxymoron, a contradiction in the terms. We’re conditioned in cultures that divide the world between masters and slaves, masters being there to tell slaves what to do, and slaves just having to execute – to serve the masters. Indeed, if the terms have changed, from masters to managers and from slaves to employees, team members, followers or just “people”, we can’t refrain from thinking that leaders are not here to serve, but to be served. However, this oxymoron might represent the key for developing successful firms not in the future, but right now. What the most rigorous academic research discovers study after study for the past 30 years is that servant leadership is associated with organizational performance in all dimensions, from innovation to sales growth, and from people well-being to, ultimately, profit growth – all that above and beyond all other forms of leadership. We may want to embrace those findings sooner rather than later. As a participant in an executive course told me recently, “with people older than 30, conventional leadership may work, but with millennials, servant leadership is not just an option, it’s the only way to go”. Accordingly, this chapter aims to offer a primer on servant leadership, starting from its origins, debunking a few myths, and detailing what it is really about and how it works. This chapter builds not only on decades of academic literature, including some research of my own, but also on a managerial experience in a variety of contexts."<br/
Influences of artificial intelligence and blockchain technology on financial resilience of supply chains
No full textInternational audience"Emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain technology (BT), have revolutionized the way businesses are managed nowadays, whereas the focus on financial resilience remains critical even in an era of complexity and uncertainty. This study empirically explores the capabilities of AI and BT to ascertain its role in financial resilience of a supply chain. Further study considers the environmental dynamism moderating the relationship of AI and BT leading to financial resilience of supply chains. Adopting a multi-methodological approach, we conduct an empirical and qualitative study to explore the relationship between AI, BT, and the financial resilience of supply chains. For data collection, 202 survey responses from supply chain professionals were collected to test the theoretical model, whereas the qualitative study collected responses from 25 supply chain professionals using semi-structured interviews and the grounded approach. After using structural equation modeling for the quantitative data analysis, our findings indicate that, compared to artificial intelligence, blockchain technology is stronger in facilitating financial resilience of a supply chain under the moderating influence of environmental dynamism. Thematic analysis for the qualitative study indicate the role of AI in sensing, blockchain in seizing and financial resilience in reconfiguring the opportunities lie in supply chain. AI is suitable for sensing the business environment and facilitating blockchain deployment. This study offers a theoretical contribution, along with practical implications for managers."<br /