Recherche académique à emlyon business school
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Bloody suffering and durability : How chefs forge embodied identities in elite kitchens
No full textInternational audience"In this article, we elaborate on the significance of suffering in processes of embodied identity construction. Drawing on interviews with 62 chefs employed in elite kitchens around the world, we make two main contributions. First, we extend our understanding of suffering as a traumatic, alienating experience by theorizing it as a distinctive form of embodied identity work. We show how suffering can function as a mechanism through which people forge an understanding of who they are. Our second contribution extends the first by elaborating on what we call the aesthetics of suffering. We show how suffering can be perversely appreciable, distinguishing and endured in culturally significant, identity-implicative ways. Via this theorization, we progress our understanding of how identities are forged through (and read from) suffering bodies, and add an additional layer of interpretation to research in which matters of embodied identity and suffering are nascent but largely neglected."<br/
“Under threat” : Handling threats during ethnographic fieldwork
No full textInternational audienceI make two points about the role of threats for ethnographic fieldwork in contexts suffused by interpersonal violence. First, the experience of implicit and explicit threats operates as a powerful cultural agent that significantly transforms fieldworkers’ relationship with the field. Second, subjecting oneself to threats can become a central component of the ethnographic immersion into the field. The notion of “threat wisdom” connects these two points by capturing the emerging competence to handle threats and resulting from “becoming threatened,” “becoming threatful,” and “becoming threat wise.” To develop this argument, I discuss insights from my fieldwork with homeless people using cocaine, crack cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine, in Barcelona.<br /
Developing critical geopolitical awareness in management education
No full textInternational audienceThe impact of geopolitics on business activities is an undeniable reality, as reflected in the fact that a growing number of companies consider geopolitical risks as a substantial risk to their cross-border operations. Against this background, this article advocates developing the critical geopolitical awareness of management learners to allow them to better understand the risks and challenges posed by the rapidly changing and highly uncertain external environment. After explaining the specificities of the critical geopolitical approach, we discuss three selected case studies that show how it can be applied to complex crisis situations in which companies can become involved. We then highlight how developing critical geopolitical awareness could be beneficial to management learners as part of an incremental critical learning process. The latter is presented as a three-step process, aiming to: (a) increase knowledge of the international and local context by using the triangular framework of analysis (space-power-representations), which provides a deeper understanding of the external environment and how the strategies of both state- and non-state actors may affect business activities; (b) enrich traditional political risk models with a relational and multiscale approach to geopolitical risk; and (c) reconsider the role of corporate leaders and companies as (geo)political actors.<br /
Le fonctionnement optimal psychologique : validation d’echelle, profils latents et classification par machine learning
No full textInternational audienceLes organisations du travail sont de plus en plus confrontées aux environnements VICA (i.e., volatilité, incertitude, complexité et ambiguïté) qui induisent des changements rapides, l’absence de normes ou l’actualisation constante des plans et des projets ainsi que la transformation des modèles de compétences (Nowacka et Rzemieniak, 2021). Cela a conduit à mettre l'accent sur les compétences non techniques des individus qui doivent se montrer des apprenants très agiles s’adaptant à des situations changeantes et ambiguës. De plus les compétences techniques n'ont qu'une pertinence éphémère dans ce type d’environnement (Horstmeyer, 2020). Si diverses ressources personnelles positives peuvent être identifiées dans la littérature (e.g., capital psychologique ; Luthans et Youssef, 2004), Jaotombo (2019) a mis en évidence qu’il était pertinent de s’appuyer sur le cadre théorique intégratif du modèle tripartite de l’esprit humain (Kurczewska et al., 2017) afin de prendre en compte les aspects cognitifs, affectifs et conatifs des individus dans un même construit psychologique. Ainsi, le fonctionnement optimal psychologique (FOP) est un construit multidimensionnel regroupant les émotions positives, les émotions négatives, le flow (ou expérience optimale), l’auto-efficacité, la satisfaction des besoins psychologiques de base ainsi que l’usage des forces. L’outil de mesure du FOP a été initialement validé suivant une modélisation bifactorielle en équations structurelles exploratoires (Jaotombo, 2019). Notamment, le facteur général de FOP était négativement associé à plusieurs facteurs de risques psychosociaux (e.g., absentéisme, turnover ; Jaotombo, 2019). La présente étude a été réalisée auprès d’une population de militaires de l’armée de l’Air et de l’Espace (N = 3928), ces professionnels évoluant par nature dans des contextes imprévisibles et exigeants nécessitant de disposer de solides ressources personnelles (Choisay et al., 2021). En plus de la validation d’une version révisée du FOP (FOP-R), incluant l’invariance de mesure sur des données biodémographiques (e.g., genre, grade), les enjeux de cette recherche étaient : 1) de mettre au jour des profils latents mettant en évidence une typologie de classification du personnel ; 2) de mettre en évidence l’association de certains profils à des conséquences stimulantes ou, à l’inverse, délétères pour les individus ; et 3) de mettre en œuvre une procédure de prédiction des profils de FOP à l’aide d’un apprentissage supervisé par Machine Learning. En termes de principaux résultats, cette étude a tout d’abord mis en évidence qu’il existait cinq profils de FOP (i.e., fonctionnement moyen ; fonctionnement optimal émotionnel ; dysfonctionnement résilient ; dysfonctionnement total et fonctionnement optimal total) et que ces derniers montraient des liens différenciés avec différents antécédents (e.g., contraintes stimulantes et délétères) et conséquences (e.g., burnout). Ensuite, l’application d’un apprentissage supervisé grâce à des méthodes avancées de Machine Learning permet de réaliser des prédictions fiables des profils tout en sélectionnant les variables prédictrices les plus pertinentes (parcimonie). Les perspectives découlant de cette recherche peuvent se décliner suivant deux axes. Tout d’abord, il s’agit de poursuivre l’étude du FOP en vérifiant sa validité incrémentale sur d’autres construits pour prédire des conséquences aux niveaux individuel, groupal et organisationnel. Ensuite, on propose une illustration de l’utilisation de l’IA en psychologie, notamment d’un point de vue méthodologique en complétant les approches classiques de modélisation hypothético-déductive par une approche inductive et prédictive. Les conséquences opérationnelles et éthiques de cette démarche sont ensuite discutées en conclusion
Framing Transitions: Scenarios and Design for the Strategic Redirection of Companies within Planetary Boundaries
No full textInternational audienceThis paper provides experience feedback from a French consortium gathering academic and industrial partners, to produce quantified scenarios for 2060 that will serve to redirect companies within the frame of planetary boundaries. This setup constitutes a field for action research in design, together with strategic foresight, sustainability, and human and social sciences. Our paper presents the epistemological and methodological choices made, reports on the first year of the project (qualitative scenario-building), and the issues met. We propose in particular to discuss the tension between global societal evolutions driven by macro trends, and the situated processes of transformation initiated by the participants. Discrepancy between those scales challenge our cross-disciplinary reading grids, but also the role of design for systemic change in our approach. This paper analyzes the challenges met, and the initiatives taken to bridge design, engineering, and strategic foresight approaches
Relational aspects of regulating clinical work: examining electronic and in-person compliance mechanisms
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Clinical documentation quality is an important way to facilitate clinical communication, improve patient safety metrics and optimise hospital coding and public reporting. However, the monitoring of clinicians by external individuals (ie, those outside the profession or emanating from outside clinical teams) raises difficult questions relating to the autonomy of clinicians and an organisation’s control over clinical work. Typically, documentation improvement initiatives have relied solely on electronic monitoring systems to vet clinician documentation. In such systems, quality personnel monitor clinical documentation and, on encountering potentially problematic content, use an electronic querying system to ask the clinicians to voluntarily clarify or modify the text if appropriate. Importantly, clinicians retain their professional autonomy and can choose to disagree with documentation requests. The current study empirically examines a clinical documentation improvement program which takes a different approach. This programme uses two modes of querying clinicians: (1) conventional electronic documentation clarification queries and (2) in-person verbal documentation clarification requests.Methods: We conducted regression analyses using archival documentation query data (n=19 650) from an American teaching hospital to compare the efficacy of conventional electronic documentation clarification queries and in-person verbal documentation clarification requests. Our dependent variable is the length of time between the documentation clarification request and the resolution of the query (ie, the time until a clinician responds).Findings: Our analyses demonstrate that in-person verbal documentation clarification requests are associated with a 30-hour reduction in the time it takes for a query to be resolved relative to electronic-only queries.Practical implications: The results suggest that while electronic regulatory systems might afford hospitals with opportunities to scale quality initiatives in a cost-effective manner, organisational efforts to influence clinical work may yet benefit from the human touch of in-person regulator–clinician interaction. Furthermore, the replacement of in-person compliance interactions with digital compliance requests can potentially produce negative compliance outcomes
The Role of Slovakia in Technology Transfer and Innovation Cooperation in the China-CEEC Cooperation Mechanism Within the Belt and Road Initiative
No full textInternational audienceSlovakia was chosen to assume the role of secretariat of the virtual China-CEEC Technology Transfer Center after the 4th Summit of China and CEEC in 2015 within the China-CEEC cooperation mechanism. One quick look at the official website of this initiative is more than enough to understand it seems to lack some substance, mostly in the recent years (after 2018). This study aims to determine the best way for Slovakia to exploit this role of secretariat. Specifically, it investigates the background of the Slovakia-led virtual technology transfer center, its current state of affairs and most importantly it aims to make recommendations for academia, for the business environment and for decision makers to make full use of this project without losing sight of the broader setting of the China-CEEC cooperation mechanism, both in general and from the Slovak perspective. To achieve this set of recommendations, a qualitative study using several semi-structured interviews with local experts from different sectors was conducted. This paper summarizes the main theoretical elements to understand the particularity of this project as well as practical recommendations for its future development.<br/
Dishonesty as a collective‐risk social dilemma
No full textInternational audienceWe investigated lying as a collective‐risk social dilemma. Misreporting resulted in increased individual earnings but when total claims reached a certain threshold, all group members were at risk of collective sanction, regardless of their individual behavior. Due to selfishness and miscoordination, most individuals earned less than the reservation payoff from honest reporting in the group. However, preferences for truth‐telling lowered the risk of collective sanction in this setting compared to a social dilemma game in which players could make direct claims without lying. The risk of sanctions decreased with risk aversion and a smaller group size