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Liquidations et redressements judiciaires : comment les juges consulaires hiérarchisent les défaillances d’entreprises
No full textInternational audienceThis article contributes to understanding a form of normative rationalization in judicial action and extends Legal Consciousness Studies by shifting its focus: the plurality of relationships to law concerns not only the litigants but also the judges themselves.Résumé En France, les juges consulaires – des chefs d’entreprises élus par leurs pairs – occupent une position centrale dans le traitement des défaillances d’entreprises. À partir d’une enquête ethnographique et statistique, cet article montre que la justice consulaire est structurée par une élite interne, sélectionnée par cooptation et pour sa compétence financière, qui hiérarchise les procédures : les liquidations, massives et routinières, concernant surtout un entrepreneuriat populaire disqualifié sont assimilées au « sale boulot », tandis que les redressements judiciaires, minoritaires, sont investis comme le « vrai travail » qui donne sens à l’engagement consulaire. En audience, les juges évaluent les entrepreneurs sur leurs comptes, mais aussi sur leur attitude et leur sincérité, distinguant les « bons dirigeants » des « mauvais faillis ». L’article contribue à mettre en lumière une forme de rationalisation normative de l’action judiciaire. Il enrichit ainsi les Legal Consciousness Studies en montrant que la pluralité des rapports au droit ne concerne pas seulement les justiciables, mais également les juges eux-mêmes
How group deliberation shapes distributional preferences: An experimental analysis
No full textInternational audienceThis paper investigates how group deliberation changes individual distributional preferences. We experimentally assess the relative contribution of persuasion, social identity, and social comparison to shifts in preferences following deliberation. In a controlled setting, participants engaged in ten minutes of non-binding written group deliberation about distributional choices. Post-deliberation preferences became significantly more egalitarian than pre-deliberation ones. This within-subject preference shift is supported by a between-subject comparison showing that group deliberation has a larger egalitarian effect than individual deliberation. What explains this egalitarian shift? Our findings suggest that social identity formation is the primary but not unique driver of the change in preferences. Social identity appears to largely explain the pronounced egalitarian shift among participants who lose from equality, while persuasion and social comparison seem to account for the preference changes among those whose material payoffs are unaffected by the distributive outcome. These findings have important implications for the elicitation of distributional preferences and for the design of communicative institutions that precede collective decision-makin
When the state managerializes the law: Enforcing and commodifying disability inclusion
No full textInternational audienceWhile disability inclusion is promoted in many countries, policy reforms in France have shifted the conversation about anti-discrimination laws toward financial concerns by increasing financial penalties for non-compliance and developing various accounting techniques to reduce these penalties. In this article, we explore the unintended consequences of focusing on accounting in the design of disability laws, specifically, the commodification of disability inclusion. Through a qualitative study of disability inclusion in France, we show how state actors designed and interpreted the law to appeal to businesses through creating legal loopholes and strong financial incentives and explain how this encouraged the commodification of disability inclusion. We show how this commodification is detrimental to disabled workers and prevents substantive compliance with an existing quota. While scholarship has explored how companies managerialize the law, this article demonstrates how the state is complicit in this process. This article contributes to the literature at the crossroads of law, organizations, and critical accounting by showing some of the drivers and consequences of the commodification of inclusion at work. We demonstrate how translating legal mandates into accounting tools can be a central mechanism of managerialization, leading to the commodification of legal ideals
The art of sustainable supply chain management: Inspiring supplier behavior through managerial practices and justice
No full textInternational audienceIn the context of economic globalization, to realize sustainable progress, it has become essential for firms and their supply chains to adhere to business ethics and commit to environmental sustainability. While considerable research has explored the influence of organizational practices on firm performance, the mechanisms through which practices affect performance, particularly those that extend beyond organizational boundaries, remain underexplored. To overcome this gap, this study develops a practice-stakeholder behavior-performance framework , and uses social exchange theory, to examine how a buyer company's supply chain management practices affect suppliers' in-role and extra-role behaviors and, consequently, its own operational and environmental performance. In addition, this study investigates how justice moderates the relationship between buyer practices and supplier behaviors. Using a paired survey approach, data were gathered from manufacturing firms in a developing country to validate the proposed model. Results suggest that (1) buyers' socializing practices enhance both the in-role and extra-role behaviors of suppliers, whereas monitoring practices influence only in-role behaviors ; (2) suppliers' in-role and extra-role behaviors positively affect both buyers' operational and environmental performances; and (3) distributive justice strengthens the relationship between buyers' monitoring practices and suppliers' in-role behaviors, whereas procedural justice enhances the effect of buyers' socializing practices on suppliers' extra-role behaviors. These findings provide theoretical references for buyer companies to formulate precision-based supplier management strategies to improve their own sustainable performance
Anchor-proofness in Voting
No full textThis work contributes to a foundational question in economic theory: how do individual-level cognitive biases interact with collective choice mechanisms? We study a setting where voters hold intrinsic preference rankings over a set of alternatives but cast approval ballots to determine the collective outcome. The ballots are shaped by an anchoring bias: alternatives are presented sequentially by a social planner, and a voter approves an alternative if and only if it is acceptable and strictly preferred to all alternatives previously encountered. We first analyze which approval-based voting rules are anchor-proof, in the sense that they always select the same winner regardless of the presentation order. We show that this requirement is extremely demanding: only very restrictive rules satisfy it. We then turn to the potential influence of the social planner. On the upside, when the planner has no information about the voters' intrinsic preferences, she cannot manipulate the outcome
Intragenerational conflict undermines cooperation with the future
No full textFuture generations have no agency in today's decisions, making their well-being a defining challenge of our time. Climate change, biodiversity loss, and resource depletion all depend on trade-offs between immediate gains and long-term sustainability. These dilemmas are often attributed to shortsightedness. We show instead that the critical obstacle lies within generations themselves: coordination failures among contemporaries can undermine sustainability even when individuals care about the future. Using a lab-in-the-field intergenerational goods game with a threshold-based regeneration rule, we compare settings with a single decision maker per generation to ones with three contemporaries deciding simultaneously without communication. When individuals act alone, resources are almost always preserved; when contemporaries must coordinate, conservation collapses. Our models explain this pattern by combining intergenerational altruism with beliefs about others' restraint: pessimistic expectations erode altruistic motives, driving overextraction. These insights have direct implications for climate governance and natural resource management, where failures in coordination today can be as detrimental as lack of concern for the future
Limitations of Disease X vaccine efficacy and safety clinical trials
No full textAbstract Background In a vaccine clinical trial, the candidate is typically accepted or rejected based on predefined efficacy and safety thresholds. An efficacy threshold is the minimum measured treatment effect deemed statistically significant and clinically relevant. A safety threshold is the maximum number of adverse events deemed acceptable in the vaccine arm of the trial. However, the uncertainties and changing conditions met during the emergence of an unknown infectious disease (Disease X) may hinder such simple approaches. Methods We model the emergence of a Disease X with an SIR (susceptible-infectious-recovered) transmission model. A vaccine is available and the objective is to minimize the total cost over the course of the epidemic, which includes infection, vaccination, and adverse event costs. Uncertainties regarding transmission, vaccine, and cost parameters are represented by prior distributions. We simulate placebo-controlled efficacy and safety trials, and different vaccination policies. Under policies using trial results, the susceptible population is vaccinated if and only if the vaccine candidate passes both the efficacy and safety tests. Results In our baseline scenario and on average over uncertain parameters, using clinical trial outcomes to decide whether to vaccinate the population yields a lower expected total cost compared to indiscriminate emergency vaccination and to no intervention. However, testing both efficacy and safety yields a higher cost compared to testing safety alone. The difference counts in billions of dollars for a population of 10 8 individuals. In our scenario, there is an optimal intermediate safety threshold value that best discriminates vaccine candidates. By contrast, there is no optimal intermediate efficacy threshold value. The incidence difference between the treated and control arms is even a misleading measure of vaccine performance. Conclusions We show with an example that simple threshold-based decision rules may not be appropriate to discriminate candidates in a Disease X vaccine clinical trial. Uncertainties and the disease dynamics need to be fully taken into account, which may require more advanced pattern recognition methods
CEOs' abusive behaviors and firm performance: The roles of TMT behavioral integration and task interdependence
No full textInternational audienceDrawing upon a structural contingency perspective, our research investigates how and under what conditions chief executive officers’ (CEOs’) abusive behaviors influence firm performance. Using four-wave, multi-source data from 131 small and medium-sized firms in various industries in China, we theorize and find that top management team (TMT) behavioral integration mediates the negative relationship between CEOs’ abusive behaviors and firm performance. More importantly, TMT task interdependence serves as an essential structural condition. Specifically, the negative indirect effect of CEOs’ abusive behaviors on firm performance through diminished TMT behavioral integration becomes stronger under higher levels of TMT task interdependence. Our research advances upper echelons theory by incorporating structural design of organizations into the study of destructive leadership at the top echelon. It also extends the abusive supervision literature by reinforcing evidence of CEOs’ detrimental behaviors at the organizational level and specifying when such harm is more pronounced
Spatial externalities in renewable resource management: Experimental evidence on fragmented property rights
No full textWe study how spatial connectivity and fragmented ownership affect the management of mobile common-pool resources. We develop a dynamic two-patch model of a mobile renewable resource: it predicts that (i) management efficiency in a given patch declines when the neighboring patch is managed by multiple agents rather than a single owner, and (ii) greater resource mobility amplifies inefficiencies at the global scale, especially under mixed ownership. We test these predictions in a preregistered laboratory experiment with 294 participants by varying mobility rates and ownership structures. Consistent with theory, shared management in one patch reduces efficiency at the local scale (in the adjacent patch) through spillover effects, and higher resource mobility further erodes efficiency at the global scale. Using group extraction trajectories, we identify three robust behavioral patterns: early over-extractors, mid-period preemptive groups, and late preservers. Mixed ownership and higher mobility shift the distribution toward early over-extraction and away from late conservation. Beyond these institutional and ecological effects, cognitive ability is strongly associated with more forward-looking extraction paths and higher payoffs
A Review of Systems Perspectives in Sustainability: How Systems Properties Convey Systems-Wide Dynamics
No full textAs seven of nine planetary boundaries are breached, management scholars face an urgent challenge: how can organizations address complex social-ecological crises that transcend traditional organizational boundaries and objectives? Responding to this need, researchers have leveraged a plurality of systems perspectives, yet current approaches remain nascent and fragmented. In this paper, we review 25 years (2000–2024) of empirical sustainability management research across 17 leading journals. We identify core systems properties—interrelatedness, nestedness, non-linearity, and emergence—that collectively illuminate four critical systems-wide dynamics: equilibrium, disequilibrium, adaptation, and organized systems change. This systematic review offers scholars a unified framework for theorizing and addressing critical sustainability challenges facing organizations, society, and the planet