Recherche académique à emlyon business school
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Inter-municipal cooperation and local revenues
No full textInternational audienceThis paper provides new evidence on the effects of inter-municipal cooperation (IMC)on local revenues. IMC can take different forms, involving both tax integration and jointprovision of public services. Using data on the specific missions and fiscal regimes ofcommunities in France, we are able to study both of them in the same empirical setting.We first show that business tax integration led to a significant increase of business taxrevenues. Second when considering the transfer of specific services from the municipallevel to the inter-municipal level we find heterogeneous effects on local revenues. Althoughno transfer of services leads to a significant increase of total tax revenues, we find positiveeffects on business tax revenues from cooperating on public transit policies. On the otherhand, the transfer of water management decreases total tax revenues. Overall, the transferof services to the IMC group had a limited impact on total tax revenues
Performance measure skewness and the structure of CEO compensation : Theory and evidence
No full textInternational audienceWhile research has analyzed how the structure of incentive pay relates to the dispersion of the performance measure distribution, as measured by its variance or volatility, we examine how it relates to the asymmetry of the distribution, as measured by its skewness. In contrast to the variance, skewness affects the relative informativeness of high and low performance about the agent's effort, which determines the relative efficiency of providing rewards and punishments for incentive purposes. Therefore, skewness is an important determinant of compensation convexity, which is determined by the relative holdings of stock and options. Consistent with our analytical and numerical results, we find that the skewness of expected earnings is negatively associated with the convexity of CEO compensation. Our results are economically significant, robust to alternative specifications, and do not appear to be driven by reverse causality. In addition, we find that earnings skewness is negatively associated with total CEO compensation and that this association is driven by lower options-based compensation. These findings are consistent with CEOs preferring positively skewed performance metrics. Overall, we provide theoretical, numerical, and empirical evidence suggesting that skewness is a more important determinant of the convexity and structure of CEO compensation than volatility.<br /
Les enjeux managériaux de la blockchain dans les supply chains : vers une gouvernance optimisée
No full textNational audienceCet article contribue à la littérature portant sur la gouvernance blockchain (BC), des chaînes d’approvisionnement et de la gouvernance des réseaux inter-organisationnels. Dans le secteur de la distribution et de la logistique on constate que de nombreux acteurs se sont emparés de la technologie blockchain, séduits par ses promesses en matière de transparence, de traçabilité, de confiance pour le management des Supply Chain (SC). Cependant, la plupart des projets de mise en œuvre ont été suspendus ou stoppés. La littérature académique en management a montré le rôle majeur de la gouvernance ‘de’ la BC et de la gouvernance ‘par’ la BC, de la gouvernance off-chain et de la gouvernance on-chain dans les processus de transformation des SC. Sur la base de la littérature déjà ancienne sur la gouvernance des chaînes d’approvisionnement et de la littérature récente sur la gouvernance de la BC, nous proposons une grille d’analyse des principales caractéristiques et liens clés de la gouvernance BC et de la gouvernance de la SC pour montrer les composantes et les éléments constitutifs de la gouvernance pour analyser des projets d’application de la BC dans les SC. Cette vision comparée de la SC, BC, de la BCSC a contribué à faire émerger des questions que les managers devront se poser avant l’intégration de la blockchain dans leur Supply Chain
Between Humans and Machines : The social construction of the generative AI category
No full textInternational audienceChatGPT’s debut in 2022 heralded the entry of generative AI into mainstream public attention. The radical technology could do what no machine had done before: mimic humans’ complex linguistic abilities. The ghost had entered the machine. In their essay, Phillips, Kalvapalle and Kennedy (2024) argue that one of the important aspects of generative AI is that it participates in the social construction of categories. Many other technologies also participate in the social construction of categories, yet this process often goes unnoticed. Why? We argue that the degree to which technologies are perceived to participate in the social construction process depends on three elements: the degree to which we anthropomorphize the technology, whether its affordances allow for easy interaction, and the vested interests of powerful stakeholders. We agree that humans and machines co-construct categories, but we argue that this process is itself socially constructed through an iterative process among participating stakeholders.<br /
Organizations as Carriers of Status and Class Dynamics : A Historical Ethnography of the Emergence of Bordeaux’s Cork Aristocracy
No full textInternational audienceThis paper seeks to understand how a new elite, known as the cork aristocracy, emerged in the Bordeaux wine field, France, between 1850 and 1929 as wine merchants replaced aristocrats. Classic class and status perspectives, and their distinctive social closure dynamics, are mobilized to illuminate the individual and organizational transformations that affected elite wineries grouped in an emerging classification of the Bordeaux best wines. We build on a wealth of archives and historical ethnography techniques to surface complex status and organizational dynamics that reveal how financiers and industrialists intermediated this transition and how organizations are deeply interwoven into social change.<br/
Channel Choice in Live Streaming Commerce
No full textInternational audienceLive streaming has significantly transformed the landscape of both offline and online retail operations. This article explores the optimal timing and circumstances under which a firm with a specific product should launch a live streaming channel, and if so, whether it should use third-party streaming, self-run streaming, or a combination of both. We demonstrate that no single channel structure is universally superior to the others: the firm's optimal channel strategy depends on the third-party streamer's popularity and bargaining power, the investment and broadcasting effort cost for the live streaming channel, consumer's channel preference and extra cost for watching live streaming, cross-channel spillover, as well as the price sensitivity of a product. In general, live streaming is most beneficial for firms selling products that aren't highly price sensitive, where traditional pricing tool is less important for attracting consumers. Start-ups should collaborate with either highly popular streamers or those with a small but dedicated following, avoiding those with intermediate popularity. In contrast, established firms should partner with streamers who have a moderate level of popularity. An established firm considering leveraging two or more channels concurrently should additionally take into consideration the cross-channel spillover, channel encroachment cost, and channel competition. Our research reveals that, contrary to expectation, price in live streaming channels may not always be lower than those in traditional channels. Furthermore, highly popular streamers do not always demand higher revenue-sharing ratios and slotting fees. This research sheds light on the key decisions for firms considering live streaming commerce: whether to adopt it, when to integrate it into their strategy, and how to effectively implement it.<br /
Stochastic control for diffusions with self-exciting jumps : An overview
No full textInternational audienceWe provide an overview of continuous-time processes subject to jumps that do not originate from a compound Poisson process, but from a compound Hawkes process. Such stochastic processes allow for a clustering of self-exciting jumps, a phenomenon for which empirical evidence is strong. Our presentation, which omits certain technical details, focuses on the main ideas to facilitate applications to stochastic control theory. Among other things, we identify the appropriate infinitesimal generators for a set of problems involving various (possibly degenerate) cases of diffusions with self-exciting jumps. Compared to higher-dimensional diffusions, we note a degeneracy of the second-order infinitesimal generator. We derive a Feynman-Kac Theorem for a dynamic system driven by such a jump diffusion and also discuss a problem of continuous control of such a system and provide a verification theorem establishing a link between the value function and a novel type of Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation.<br /
Positive mental health in work and private life : Extending modeling to a data-driven approach
No full textInternational audienceThis research aims to extend the concept of positive mental health (PMH) as flourishing (Keyes, 2002) from a general context to specific work and non-work contexts. Conceptually, based on the integrated work-life balance framework (Sirgy & Lee, 2018), we explore the possibility that PMH in work life may be distinct from yet correlated with its counterpart in non-work life. Methodologically, we integrate several approaches. We analyze the multifaceted construct of PMH in such a way as to include and differentiate the general from the domain-specific expressions of PMH, using a person- and variable-centered approach, while accounting for the work and non-work contexts. Two different studies—respectively n=304 and n=1066—are used to explore the factor structure of this extended integrated construct of PMH. For each sample, a bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling (Bi-ESEM) provides the best fit to the data. Latent class analysis provides a means to explore different classes of PMH. A machine learning algorithm (classification trees) is used as an operational method to diagnose class assignment and to test classification predictive performance. Drawing on data from a sample of 1,066 French workers, our model reveals four classes of respondents, each displaying a particular profile of PMH in work-life contexts. Applying it to psychosocial functioning, we show that general and specific factors have significantly different associations with the reduction of psychosocial risks, and that there are significant differences between the profiles, wherein the full cross-context flourishers display the lowest level of absenteeism, presenteeism, turnover intentions, and work unhappiness, and the professional languishers the highest. We conclude that splitting PMH into work and non-work contexts highlights some significant facets and outcomes of the construct that are not available in its general expression alone. Machine learning proves to be an efficient and reliable way to diagnose and predict PMH with a high level of performance (accuracy=0.90, Kappa=0.86).Cette recherche vise à étendre le concept de la Santé Mentale Positive (PMH) (Keyes, 2002) conçu comme épanouissement, d’un contexte général aux contextes spécifiques professionnel et privé. D’un point de vue conceptuel, à la lumière de la conception intégrée d’équilibre vie privée & vie professionnelle (Sirgy & Lee, 2018), nous explorons l’éventualité que les structures factorielles de la PMH entre vie privée et vie professionnelle puissent être corrélées, mais distinctes. En termes de méthodologie, nous intégrons plusieurs approches. Nous analysons le construit multidimensionnel de PMH en intégrant simultanément un facteur général et des facteurs spécifiques. Pour ce faire, nous nous appuyons sur une approche à la fois centrée sur les variables et sur les personnes, en tenant simultanément compte des contextes au travail et hors travail. Deux différentes études sont menées – d’échantillons respectifs de taille n=304 et n=1066 – pour explorer la structure factorielle de ce construit étendu et intégré de PMH. Pour chacune d’entre elles, une modélisation en équations structurelles exploratoires bifactorielle (Bi-ESEM) offre le meilleur ajustement aux données. Une analyse en classe latente permet d’explorer les différentes classes de PMH illustrant chacune une typologie différente de PMH dans un contexte professionnel-privé. Une méthode d’apprentissage supervisé (arbres de classification) est utilisée pour diagnostiquer efficacement l’attribution des individus à chaque classe. En s’appuyant sur ces résultats pour étudier le fonctionnement psychosocial, nous montrons qu’il existe une différence significative entre les profils, où ceux qui sont épanouis dans tous les contextes incarnent les niveaux les plus bas de risques psychosociaux, alors que ceux qui languissent au travail en incarnent les niveaux les plus élevés. Nous en concluons que la distinction entre PMH en contexte de travail et PMH hors travail éclaire des aspects du construit qui ne sont pas disponibles dans son expression générale seule. L’apprentissage supervisé (Machine Learning) s’avère être un outil fiable et efficace de diagnostic et de prédiction des classes de PMH, démontrant une importante performance prédictive (Taux de classification = 0.90, Kappa = 0.86).<br /
Signaling trustworthiness: experimental evidence on the signals used to infertrustworthiness in other
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You designed that yourself for me? Vicarious pride in customized gift exchange
No full textInternational audienceIn four studies, we found that receiving a customized gift leads recipients to appreciate the gift more highly because of vicarious feelings of pride. This vicarious pride is the same feeling that the customizer experiences after having self-customized a product. In the first two experiments with real-life pairs of friends, vicarious pride was documented among recipients of customized gifts. The findings show that the relationship between customization and gift appreciation is mediated by vicarious pride. Study 3 and Study 4 replicate the results of the first series of experiments, and reveal the role of vicarious pride in enhancing state self-esteem and, in turn, gift appreciation. Study 4 also tests the effect of a relational variable (i.e., relationship anxiety) on this relationship. Specifically, relationship anxiety affects vicarious pride, and then consequently state self-esteem and gift appreciation, which are only enhanced by customization when the relationship is not anxious. As a practical implication, this research emphasizes the importance of communicating gift customization to gift recipients to enhance their gift experience and appreciation.<br /