Recherche académique à emlyon business school
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Business cycle fluctuations and monetary policy under heterogeneous information
No full textModelling business cycle fluctuations and the non-neutrality of money is an ongoing challenge for macroeconomists. While the imperfect-information hypothesis developed by Phelps and Lucas in the 1970s had been abandoned in favour of the sticky-price hypothesis, a recent trend in the literature has put this hypothesis back on the agenda to explain business fluctuations and monetary non-neutrality. The success of this revival lies in the introduction of strategic uncertainty into a framework of heterogeneous information. The current paper presents this macroeconomic framework and provides a brief overview of recent advances in the literature
Relational Expertise : What Machines Can’t Know
No full textInternational audience"Professions continue to be the primary means through which societies institutionalize expertise. Recent analyses and narratives predict that artificial intelligence (AI) will make meaningful inroads into non-routine reasoning about complex cases, threatening the authority of professions. These predictions, we argue, draw on substantialist understandings of expertise as an intellectual possession, a mental achievement, or a cognitive state performed – by humans or machines – to achieve effects. A synthesis of empirical studies shows that expertise is more accurately conceptualized as relationally constituted – generated, applied, and recognized – through interactions. Relational expertise creates challenges of opacity, translation, and accountability for the development and deployment of AI technologies in the context of professional work. A relational understanding of expertise disrupts notions that professions may be augmented with, subordinated to, or dismantled by AI technologies. Instead, AI technologies are embedded in the network of interactions through which the relational expertise of professions is constituted."<br/
Belief Updating about Moral Norms: Does Group Identity Matter?
No full textWe investigate how group identity affects belief updating about moral norms. Using a Belief Updating task, we found that individuals follow a cautious version of Bayesian updating. Group identity itself does not directly affect belief updating. However, when given an information signal about the truthfulness of a normative statement that is dissonant with one's perceived norm, individuals differ in their resistance to updating beliefs. This difference depends on whether the statement reflects moral norm judgments from people with the same or different political affiliation, and whether the signal supports or opposes honesty. This highlights the importance of understanding how one updates beliefs regarding moral norms, and how the group identity of those making normative judgments can be an important consideration.</div
The contractual dispute resolution game : Real-effort experiments on contract negotiation and arbitration
No full textInternational audienceIn many contractual arrangements where product or service delivery occurs sometime after contracts have been concluded, conditions may change, leading to disputes that need to be resolved often by a third party (arbitrator/mediator). In this paper we introduce the Contractual Dispute Resolution Game (CDRG), which allows us to study dispute resolution through arbitration. Unlike prior research studying arbitration at impasse using zero-sum bargaining games, we analyze a situation where parties can create additional value. We introduce a novel real-effort task, the Car Assembly Real-effort Task (CART), and show in two studies how automated arbitration rules (Study 1) and human arbitrators (Study 2) affect dispute resolution and surplus creation. In Study 1, we find that high-accuracy arbitration enhances efficiency. In Study 2, we find that arbitrators who are incentivized based on the total surplus of the negotiation do also promote greater efficiency. The CDRG provides a valuable tool for examining the effects of arbitration and mediation in settings where contracts are incomplete and can be impacted by shocks.<br/
Takers and givers: Exploring the drivers of peer support in intra-incubator networks
No full textIn this study, we therefore address the following research question: How do entrepreneurs in ESOs capture and create value through different types of peer ties, and what explains why some act as givers while others act as takers? We investigate this question in the context of an incubator. Specifically, we examine three types of direct ties related to knowledge exchange (ideas for product development, information about market trends, and management advice) and four types of referral ties through which incubatees gain potential new contacts (customers, suppliers, personnel, and investors). Our research not only explores how incubatees capture value by being the receivers (or “takers”) of knowledge and referrals but also identifies which incubatees create value for their peers by acting as providers (or “givers”) of these resources. To analyze this bi-directionality (Bergman and McMullen, 2022), we use social network analysis and identify takers and givers through incubatees' out-degree and in-degree network centrality. To explain heterogeneity in network positions, we build on the idea that networking actions represent effectual responses to uncertainty (Engel et al., 2017). In particular, we examine how founder-, venture-, and market-level sources of uncertainty drive incubatees’ network structures and outcomes
Language machines: Toward a linguistic anthropology of large language models
No full textLarge language models (LLMs) challenge long-standing assumptions in linguistics and linguistic anthropology by generating human-like language without relying on rule-based structures. This introduction to the special issue Language Machines calls for renewed engagement with LLMs as socially embedded language technologies. We trace the intellectual genealogy that led linguistic anthropology to sideline such technologies, highlighting how disciplinary boundaries and language ideologies shaped this absence. Arguing for the field's unique potential to analyze the semiotic, interactional, and ideological dimensions of LLMs, we invite future contributions that expand linguistic anthropology's scope and relevance in the age of machine-mediated communication
EduSim: A Multi-agent Model for Simulating the Impacts of Urban and Demographic Growth on School Infrastructures Demand and Offer in the City of Ouagadougou
No full textInternational audienceThe education system in African cities and particularly in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso is characterized by unequal distribution. This results in long distances for students to travel to their schools. This is observed as a mismatch between educational supply and demand. This phenomenon is even more pronounced with the continued increase in population and other uses of urban space in African cities. The paper examines the impact of urbanization and demographics on school infrastructure demand and supply, predicting future developments. It compares complex systems and proposes a generic model called the Education Simulation Model (EduSim) to simulate urban and demographic trends. Modeling by allowing the abstraction and integration of different types of data collected from different sources and its ability to predict the behavior of the actors in the complex system is relevant to analyze the impact of demography on the development of school infrastructure. For this study, we first showed to what extent the education system is a complex system. To do this, we compared the characteristics of complex systems and the education system. Then, we presented the different approaches to modeling the education system. Of these approaches, the most relevant and suitable for our study is agent-based modeling. It allows the study of the behavior of actors in order to analyze the results of their actions on the educational, urban and demographic systems as well as their interactions. The model assesses student enrollment and tracks school inequalities. Results show that urban growth, population growth, and distance constraints affect school infrastructure demand and enrollment. The model proposes new schools based on population needs and criteria. The resulting model from the analysis is a decision-making tool in predicting urban and demographic growth and also in planning school provision in African cities. In perspective, the model expects to couple information models as well as migration models and propose more research criteria for decision-makers
Composter les défunts : Que dit le droit au sujet de la terramation ?
No full textInternational audience- There is a growing demand for recognition of terramation, a new funeral practice based on the principle of composting. This approach is already authorized in the United States and on an experimental basis in Germany.- Terramation processes have many similarities with various burial similarities with various burial practices, as well as with cremation. cremation. They do not represent a methodological or conceptual revolution.- With regard to funeral practices already existing in France, terramation does not seem to raise any new ethical issues in terms of respect for the dignity of the corpse.. - The precedent set by the recognition of cremation demonstrates that it could be possible to legalize terramation without creating legislative upheaval: minor modifications would suffice.- However, the development of terramation requires to consider these new processes in their entirety, integrating issues such as, locations, hygiene and safety.- Il existe une demande de reconnaissance de la terramation, une nouvelle pratique funéraire basée sur le principe de compostage. Cette approche est déjà autorisée aux États-Unis et à titre expérimental en Allemagne.- Les procédés de terramation présentent de très nombreuses similitudes avec les diverses pratiques d'enterrement ainsi qu'avec la crémation. Ils ne constituent pas une révolution méthodologique, ni conceptuelle.- Au regard de l'existant, la terramation ne semble pas non plus soulever de nouveaux enjeux éthiques quant au respect de la dignité du corps.- Le précédent créé par la reconnaissance de la crémation démontre qu'il serait possible de légaliser la terramation sans créer de bouleversement législatif : des modifications mineures suffiraient.- Le développement de la terramation nécessite cependant de penser ces nouveaux procédés dans leur globalité afin d'intégrer les enjeux de localisation, d'hygiène ou encore de sécurité
An application of artificial intelligence for solving multi-visit scheduling and routing of multi-heterogeneous resources
No full textThis research focuses on the development of an artificial multiple intelligence system (AMIS) for solving multi-visit scheduling and routing of multi-heterogeneous resources. The proposed method has been developed as a decision-making tool for solving mechanical sugarcane harvest operations which have been replacing the manual harvesting system with the sugarcane field burning. The mechanical sugarcane harvesting system is a fresh one with a high potential reduction of CO2 emission. Two resources which are fuel service staff teams and technician teams were considered to support the mechanical harvester operations in order to improve the harvesters' productivity and stability of its sugarcane supply by minimizing the downtime or waiting time of harvesters. Based on this approach, not only the sugar production is efficient, but also the harvesting which is the inbound activity is fuel-efficient. This problem was formulated as the allocation and scheduling of multi-Heterogeneous Resources with consideration of transportation for both resources and service operations. Sugarcane harvesters which get services from the workforce are geographically scattered in each time period. There are various technicians and fuel service staff with different skills giving services to the harvesters. The workforce allocation (WFAllcn) and the sequences and routing (WFSeqRoute) sub-problems were modeled as the integrating problem with the objective function to maximize the sugarcane harvested by all harvesters. To solve the problem, the Artificial Multiple Intelligence System (AMIS), which was developed with new intelligence box selection rules, is firstly developed. Using this approach, allocation and scheduling, and routing of technicians and fuel service staff in sugarcane mechanical harvest operations is very efficient
Contract preference of an online intermediary in the presence of online reviews and cross-channel spillover
No full textInternational audienceIn e-commerce, online intermediaries give suppliers ready access to consumers and have thereby become an important distribution channel. They can operate as resellers (under a reselling contract) or marketplaces (under an agency contract) for suppliers. This study analyzes the most effective contract arrangement between an online intermediary and two competing suppliers. The suppliers receive online reviews of their products and also be affected by the spillover effect of the intermediary's channel on their own direct sales channels. The intermediary can offer a reselling contract to one supplier and an agency contract to the other or offer the same contract type to both suppliers. We find that when the cross-channel spillover is positive or only moderately negative, the intermediary offers different contract types if the difference in the review ratings of the two suppliers' products is considerable; otherwise, a reselling contract is offered to both. However, when the cross-channel spillover is highly negative, the intermediary may offer an agency contract to both suppliers. Our research provides practical guidance for intermediaries on the most effective contract strategies to use when collaborating with suppliers who receive varied online reviews, depending on the cross-channel spillover scenarios