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Décrocher, se perdre, se réorienter : le DU Universitas, un fil d’Ariane à l’université
No full textInternational audienceThis article presents the Universitas University Diploma, a training designed for first-year undergraduate students at risk of dropping out of higher education. It describes the history, structure, operation and specific features of this experimental scheme, which was set up at Paris 8 University in response to public policies aimed at ‘combating university drop-out’, a concept that the authors deconstruct. The spaces for listening and discussion provided under this scheme help to better define the profile of the students: they are not ‘misdirected’ students who are anxious about their new university experience. Dropping out is not simply a matter of a lack of willpower or poor academic skills but can be understood here as a difficulty for students to position themselves in relation to their learning and to take the risk of building a project for the future. This training has a dual mission: to support students to help them get out of their wandering ways and to offer them an academic education that enables them to acquire disciplinary and cross-disciplinary skills. This educational experience has led us to stress the importance of creating a genuine ecosystem of skills training at university, enabling young adults to find their bearings before reorienting themselves.Cet article présente le Diplôme d’université Universitas, formation destinée aux étudiants de première année de licence qui risquent de mettre un terme à leurs études supérieures. Il présente l’histoire, la structure, le fonctionnement et les spécificités de ce dispositif expérimental mis en place à l’Université Paris 8 à la suite des politiques publiques de « lutte contre le décrochage universitaire », notion que les auteurs déconstruisent. Les espaces d’écoute et d’échange prévus dans ce cadre permettent de mieux définir le profil des étudiants : ce ne sont des étudiants « mésorientés » et angoissés face à la nouvelle expérience universitaire. Le décrochage ne vient pas uniquement d’un manque de volonté ou d’un faible niveau de compétences académiques, mais s’entend ici comme une difficulté des étudiants à s’autopositionner face à leurs apprentissages et à prendre le risque de construire un projet d’avenir. Le dispositif a une double mission : accompagner les étudiants pour les aider à sortir de leur errance et leur offrir une formation académique permettant l’acquisition de compétences disciplinaires et transversales. Cette expérience pédagogique conduit à insister sur l’importance de créer un véritable écosystème de formation capacitant à l’université, permettant aux jeunes adultes de s’orienter avant de se réorienter
Adoption of next-generation batteries: a survey-based analysis of user and expert perspectives
No full textInternational audienceAbstract This survey-based study investigates the attitudes of both users and experts towards the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) and next-generation batteries, aiming to achieve low-carbon mobility. Two separate surveys were conducted, inviting 50 users and 50 experts to provide insights into the adoption, development, and use of next-generation batteries. To enhance the validity of the survey findings, the results are compared with a comprehensive literature review on survey-based studies concerning the adoption of next-generation battery technologies. The surveys were conducted during the initial stage of a living lab (LL) process for circular design, as part of the 2BoSS project ( www.2boss.eu ). The primary objective of this first LL stage was to assess the current market landscape and establish benchmarks through collaboration with stakeholders, users, and experts. The focus was on understanding existing preferences and challenges related to the commercialization of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries, as well as other emerging battery chemistries, while identifying the barriers hindering the widespread adoption of EVs. The results provide insights into consumer attitudes and expectations, shedding light on their knowledge of batteries and their perceptions of future energy scenarios. Additionally, the study explores market trends for emerging battery technologies, evaluating their potential applications, and highlighting their advantages and disadvantages, as informed by expert input. The expert survey responses underscored the limitations of current dominant lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) and provided a critical analysis of the potential benefits, challenges, and future prospects of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries in comparison to other emerging technologies, sparking a broader discussion on the topic. In conclusion, the findings highlight common themes across diverse viewpoints, identifying key factors that could influence the adoption of next-generation battery technologies. These insights are crucial for shaping future strategies aimed at overcoming barriers and accelerating the transition to sustainable electric mobility
Benjamin Bergmann, quinze mois chez les Kalmouks (1802-1803)
No full textInternational audienceAu tout début du XIXe siècle, le pasteur balte Benjamin Bergmann passe quinze mois en immersion dans un ulus kalmouk. A la suite de cette expérience, il publie une vaste somme qui fait la synthèses des savoirs acquis sur les Kalmouks et retrace le parcours de l'auteur lui-même. La communication se propose de montrer quel éclairage ce récit de voyage donne sur la société kalmouke du début du XIXe siècle, et notamment sur son identité politique et culturelle. Elle s'interrogera également sur la relation complexe que Bergmann noue avec la société qui l'accueille, afin de souligner l'originalité de son projet, au regard tant de l'anthropologie des Lumières que du genre du récit de voyage au tournant des XVIIIe et XIXe siècles
La spécificité de la situation juridique du fonctionnaire dans la jurisprudence de la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme
No full textInternational audienc
FPGA architecture-based front-end processing for SLAM applications
No full textInternational audienceSimultaneous Localization and Mapping is intended for robotic and autonomous vehicle applications. These targets require an optimal embedded implementation that respects real-time constraints, limited hardware resources, and energy consumption. SLAM algorithms are computationally intensive to run on embedded targets, and often, the algorithms are deployed on CPUs or CPU–GPGPU architectures. With the growth of embedded heterogeneous computing systems, research work is increasingly interested in the algorithm–architecture mapping of existing SLAM algorithms. The latest trend is pushing processing closer to the sensor. FPGAs constitute the perfect architecture for designing smart sensors by providing low latency suitable for real-time applications, such as video streaming, as they supply data directly into the FPGA without needing a CPU. In this work, we propose the implementation of the HOOFR-SLAM front end on a CPU–FPGA architecture, including both feature extraction and matching processing blocks. A high-level synthesis (HLS) approach based on OpenCL paradigm has been used to design a new system architecture. The performance of the FPGA-based architecture was compared to a high-performance CPU. This innovative architecture delivers superior performance compared to existing state-of-the-art systems
Mèmes et discours misogynes, homophobes et xénophobes : quels contre-discours ?
No full textInternational audienceThis article examines the techno-discursive and argumentative strategies deployed in Internet memes “responding” to various instances of hate speech on social and political issues such as immigration, xenophobia, and homophobia. First, we present the object “meme” to characterize its scriptural and enunciative features and highlight its discursive and enunciative specificity. We then analyse a pilot corpus collected to explore certain dimensions of this object, aiming to understand the memetic strategies implemented by Internet users to counter hate. By detailing, in particular, the argumentative methods used to respond to xenophobic hate, we identify two original dimensions: the staging of viewpoints and their interweaving to counter hate, and the use of an anti-ethos that ridicules the bearer of hate speech
Role of Neuropeptide B/W Signaling in Modulating Intracellular Calcium in Human Skin Fibroblasts
No full textInternational audienceBackground: The neuropeptide B/W signalling system (NPB/W) has been identified in multiple body regions and is integral to several physiological processes, including the regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis. Recently, it has also been detected in human skin; however, its specific functions in this context remain to be thoroughly investigated. This study aims to identify the expression of neuropeptides B/W receptor 1 (NPBWR1) and neuropeptides B/W receptor 2 (NPBWR2) in human dermal fibroblasts of mesenchymal origin using genomic and proteomic techniques. We will also investigate the role of these receptors in cell proliferation and calcium signalling. Methods: The mRNAs for NPBWR1 and NPBWR2 were detected using quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis and further validated by western blot and immunofluorescence analyses. Additionally, we synthesised ligands for these receptors, specifically hNPB (25–53) and hNPW (33–62), to investigate their effects on cell proliferation and intracellular calcium levels in human fibroblasts. Results: Our results demonstrated that hNPW (33–62) has anti-proliferative effect on human dermal fibroblasts and concentration of 0.1-μmol/L can significantly decrease intracellular calcium levels (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This finding suggests a potential role for the NPB/W signalling system in pathologies associated with impaired calcium handling, such as fibrosis. Furthermore, we observed that the proliferation of human fibroblasts was not affected by hNPB (25–53). Our findings could lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies for various skin conditions and improved wound healing
Noninvasive characterization of oocyte deformability in microconstrictions
No full textL.B., R.B., M.-H.V., C.C., and M.-E.T. are inventors on patent application EP23166408.7 submitted by Université PSL that covers “microfluidic device for use in a system for measuring at least one biomarker of at least one oocyte.” The other authors declare that they have no competing interests.International audienceOocytes naturally present mechanical defects that hinder their development after fertilization. Thus, in the context of assisted reproduction, oocyte selection based on their mechanical properties has great potential to improve the quality of the resulting embryos and the success rate of these procedures. However, using mechanical properties as a quantifiable selective criterion requires robust and nondestructive measurement tools. This study developed a constriction-based microfluidic device that monitors the deformation of mouse oocytes under controlled pressure. The device can distinguish mechanically aberrant oocyte groups from healthy control ones. On the basis of a mathematical model, we propose that deformability measurements infer both oocyte tension and elasticity, elasticity being the most discriminating factor in our geometry. Despite force transmission during oocyte deformation, no long-term damage was observed. This noninvasive characterization of mouse oocyte deformability in microconstrictions allows for a substantial advance in assessing the mechanical properties of mammalian oocytes and has potential application as a quantifiable selective criterion in medically assisted reproduction
Competing for opportunity: Transport infrastructures and localized unemployment
No full textInternational audienceUnemployment rates vary significantly across neighborhoods and worker types, yet the role of transport infrastructures in explaining these disparities remains unexplored. We propose a quantitative urban model with frictional unemployment and heterogeneous workers where better connections between neighborhoods might exacerbate unemployment disparities due to competition among workers. We document this phenomenon using a difference-indifferences to estimate the impact of the creation of the Paris Regional Express Rail (RER). We find that the project increased the unemployment rate of low-skilled workers, but not of their high-skilled counterparts. In Paris, differences in job market access reduce unemployment inequalities between college graduates and the rest of the population
Thomas Bernhard
No full textSeit den 1980er Jahren ist Thomas Bernhard (* 9. Februar 1931 in Heerlen, Niederlande, † 12. Februar 1989 in Gmunden, Oberösterreich) neben Peter Handke in Frankreich einer der bekanntesten Schriftsteller der österreichischen Literatur nach 1945. Die französischen Übersetzungen seiner Werke folgen seit den 1960er Jahren zeitnah den deutschsprachigen Veröffentlichungen, die Prosa bei Gallimard seit 1967, die Stücke seit 1974 bei dem Verlag L’Arche. Die Geschichte der französischen Rezeption ist jedoch nicht nur eine literarische, sondern die Aufnahme seines Werks und die Wahrnehmung der Person des Schriftstellers sind eng mit der Entwicklung des Österreichbildes in Frankreich verbunden. Bernhards Werk und Persönlichkeit tragen dazu bei, ein bestimmtes Bild der politischen und sozialen Kultur Österreichs zu vermitteln.Depuis les années 1980, Thomas Bernhard (* 9 février 1931 à Heerlen, Pays-Bas, † 12. février 1989 à Gmunden, Haute-Autriche) est en France, avec Peter Handke, un des plus célèbres écrivains de la littérature autrichienne d’après 1945. Les traductions françaises de son œuvre ont, depuis les années 1960, suivi de près les publications en langue allemande : la prose chez Gallimard depuis 1967, les pièces depuis 1974 chez l’Arche. L’histoire de la réception française n’est cependant pas seulement littéraire, car l’accueil de son œuvre et la perception du personnage de l’écrivain sont intimement liés à l’évolution de l’image de l’Autriche en France. L’œuvre et la personnalité de Bernhard contribuent à médiatiser une certaine image de la culture politique et sociale autrichienne