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Late Tortonian to Pleistocene deformations of Alboran domain (Western Mediterranean): new insights from ALBANEO project and analogue modelling
No full textInternational audience The Alboran domain, located in western Mediterranean between Spain and Morocco, is the result of a succession of different tectonic phases. During Oligocene and Miocene, the Alboran domain underwent the Tethyan subduction followed by a westward slab retreat leading to a back-arc extension. During Tortonian, the Africa-Eurasia convergence, striking N135°E, formed folds and thrusts that are currently found along the Alboran Island and high offshore reliefs (Xauen, Tofiño, Francesc-Pages banks). This convergence phase led to the indentation of a crustal African block within the Alboran Sea, delimited by two strike-slip fault systems: the Yusuf and the Al Idrissi fault systems. This globally left lateral system shows significant changes of orientation from north to south and cross-cut the small Al Idrissi volcanic edifice. Estimations for the Al Idrissi initiation varies between 1.1 Ma and 1.8 Ma with a total displacement calculated from offsets of the volcanic basement of 3 km. North of this volcanic edifice, the deformation is distributed along several km-long fault segments whose activity is inferred to have migrated from east to west. South of the volcano, the deformation is localized along a unique segment, the Bokkoya Fault, showing a change of direction compared to the Al Idrissi fault system. Interestingly, this Bokkoya Fault shares the same orientation as the thrusts and fold axis inherited from the previous convergence phase. In this study, we propose to investigate the interactions between the compressive structures and the left-lateral strike-slip Al Idrissi fault system with analogue modelling experiments. Two successive phases of deformation are considered: a global oblique convergence of the entire sand pack followed by a left-lateral strike-slip fault phase. The experiment table is set up as a N-S directed basal fault separating a fixed western plate from a mobile eastern one. The first results show strong influences of the thrust faults on the strike-slip fault segmentation and the orientation of the segments. In the first stages of strike-slip displacement, the deformation is accommodated along segments separated by the former thrust faults. These segments does not share the same orientation than the expected Riedel faults for this set up (i.e. 16°), they display an angle of 11° relative to the basal fault. Then, two deformation branches develop, the fault segments link into clearly established strike-slip faults and their orientations remain oblique relative to the basal fault (5°). This strike-slip fault splitting into two branches is not usual, this phenomena is clearly relative to the interaction with the thrust faults. Through the last displacement stages, the deformation accommodation evolves from the western branch to the eastern one. The deformation becomes more localized along segment nearly oriented N-S like the initial basal fault. Some intersection between thrust faults and strike-slip segments still play as relay areas with an oblique orientation. These results will be integrated into models of seismic and tsunamigenic hazard of the Alboran domain in order to improve the hazard assessments
Effects of biochar, ligneous soil amendments, and a microbial stimulant on soil biological activity, and carbon content and stability after two-years of their application in a boreal cropland
No full textInternational audienceThe concerns for soil health and climate change have initiated actions to slow down soil carbon loss. The activities, collectively known as carbon farming, encompass various practices that seek to mitigate climate change and improve soil health. Among these practices, biochar alongside crop cultivation has been recognized as having potential for mitigating climate change. However, in heavily forested countries there is a wide variety of other carbon-rich side streams from the forest industry that could be utilized as organic soil amendments, or as microbial stimulants but their climate change mitigation potential, as well as the mechanisms underlying their observed effects on soil health, are not yet fully understood. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the use of various wood-based, i.e. ligneous soil amendments and a stimulant that could be used alongside conventional farming practices in a field experiment to boost soil biological activity and carbon sequestration. The studied treatments included two biochar (Salix sp. and Picea abies), two pulp mill sludge, and one microbial stimulant treatment. The economically relevant application rates of the amendments ranged from 9000 to 21900 kg/ha (on dry weight basis) and they were applied once, whereas the microbial seed stimulant was used yearly. We investigated their impacts on soil organic carbon content and its stability, as well as on soil microbial abundance, activities, and community structures. Based on the extensive data we collected, mainly biochars increased soil organic carbon content enough to be detectable after two years. In contrast, non-biochar amendments did not have the same effect on soil carbon, likely due to smaller application rates and higher decomposition rates. On the other hand, both the sludge and biochar treatments led to an increase in soil pH, but the observed changes in soil chemical properties had little impact on soil microbiology. Microbial stimulant was shown to be ineffective and did not alter soil biology as expected. Overall, the studied amendments had no detectable negative effects on measured soil physico-chemical parameters and had a marginal positive impact on soil biology. This suggests that these amendments could be promising options for recycling ligneous side streams from the forest industry to support primary production in arable fields
"Le récit marquant.Pour une littérature relationnelle"
No full textInternational audienceNarrative medicine is currently developing in France, based on the model developed by Rita Charon at Columbia University. The healthcare professionals who refer to it place “salient narratives” at the heart of their thinking, as important reference points for their professional ethics. Drawing on the thinking of J. Dewey, P. Ricoeur and G. Canguihem, this paper defines the conceptual contours of narrative medicine and illustrates its practices through a selection of French contemporary literary texts and workshop participants' productions.La médecine narrative se développe actuellement en France à partir du modèle de Rita Charon à Columbia University. Les acteurs de la santé qui s'y réfèrent placent les "récits marquants" au centre de leur réflexion, comme de repères importants pour leur éthique professionnelle. A partir des pensées de J. Dewey, de P. Ricoeur, de G. Canguihem, cette communication déterminent les contours conceptuels de la médecine narrative et en illustre les pratiques par un choix de textes littéraires contemporains et de productions de participants en ateliers
Antipolitique et militantisme, féminisme et antiféminisme. Réussites et échecs du “totalitarisme doux” d’un satellite du PCI en exil (1937-1940)
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Analyser un événement de promotion du vélo. La Broc' à Vélo de Lille
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Tectonic underplating at intermediate depths in subduction zones: structural and geochronological evidence preserved in Corsican ophiolites
No full textInternational audiencePeridotites from two ophiolitic units of Alpine Corsica show outcrop-scale reverse faults whose dip angles follow a bimodal distribution (weak vs. steep angles). These faults are outlined by pseudotachylyte or cataclasite, and formed concurrently at 35–70 km depths, during the subduction of the Piemonte-Ligurian oceanic lithosphere beneath Apulia in Cretaceous to Eocene times. 40Ar/39Ar dating of pseudotachylyte indicates a 38.1 Ma age of formation. The faults are interpreted as reflecting, at the outcrop-scale, similar structures formed during the propagation, along the subduction interface, of map-scale flats and ramps delimiting duplex-like thrust sheets eventually incorporated by underplating to the upper plate
La dictée : un outil au service de l’apprentissage de l’étude de la langue au cycle 3
No full textL’enjeu de ce mémoire de recherche est de montrer comment utiliser la dictée afin de travailler les compétences en étude de la langue au cycle 3. Ainsi, nous avons débuté ce travail par un état de l’art qui nous a permis de penser un dispositif de dictée et de le mettre en œuvre dans nos classes de CM1 et de CM2. Ce dispositif permet de travailler, avant la dictée, les notions en étude de la langue en impliquant les élèves intellectuellement afin qu’ils soient en mesure de les réinvestir par la suite. De même, il implique un apprentissage de certains mots lexicaux dont la graphie ne peut être devinée. En somme, notre dispositif permet aux élèves de mobiliser leurs connaissances linguistiques mais également de se questionner sur la langue pour résoudre des problèmes orthographiques sous forme de dictée. Les résultats de cette recherche ont montré la corrélation entre le recours au métalangage et la réussite à l’exercice de la dictée. Ils ont finalement confirmé nos hypothèses de départ sur le lien indissociable qui unit la dictée à l’étude de la langue
New Challenges in Forensic and Legal Linguistics
No full textApplied linguistics has experienced significant growth in the domains of justice, security, and law. The development of forensic and legal linguistics varies across legal contexts and depends on the relationships between universities and institutions, prompting critical considerations within applied linguistics. This Special Issue gathers pertinent contributions on the current state of forensic linguistics, documents potential outcomes and contexts of study and collaboration, and emphasizes future challenges for the discipline. Researchers present recent advancements, particularly those linked to contemporary cases, explore new research avenues, and discuss the diversity of theories and methodologies employed. Various approaches—including corpus linguistics, discourse analysis, pragmatics, and terminology—are utilized, and examining their issues and implications from an applied perspective proves beneficial. This Special Issue encompasses a range of topics, including forensic linguistics, authorship attribution, language and law, language as evidence, courtroom and police interview discourses, and cyberviolence
Digitalisation des enseignements au MINESEC : analyse des déterminants des apprentissages
No full textTexte completInternational audienceDigitalisation des enseignements au MINESEC : analyse des déterminants des apprentissage