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Transformation sociale
No full textLa transformation sociale désigne les processus par lesquels une société ou une institution modifie ses normes, ses pratiques et ses rapports sociaux. Ces mutations peuvent être lentes ou brutales, subies ou voulues, et résultent toujours d’interactions entre des dimensions objectives (politique, économique, organisationnelle) et subjectives (représentation, affect, croyance).Pour appréhender ces dynamiques, deux notions éclairent les mutations contemporaines.L’hybridation, d’abord, renvoie aux configurations nouvelles produites par la rencontre de logiques hétérogènes. Dans le secteur social, elle apparaît par exemple lorsque des acteurs institutionnels, professionnels ou associatifs, doivent coopérer malgré des référentiels différents. Cette rencontre génère des pratiques inédites, parfois instables, mais souvent créatives.La transduction, permet de comprendre qu’un changement n’est pas seulement imposé de l’extérieur : il se construit pas à pas, grâce aux ajustements réalisés par les acteurs confrontés à de nouvelles situations. La transformation devient alors un processus dynamique plutôt qu’un résultat
La gouvernance urbaine à l'épreuve des émeutes: Le retour du gouvernement ?
No full textInternational audienceAnalyse de la place du gouvernement central et des pouvoirs locaux dans la gestion des émeutes urbaines de l'été 2023
"Dancing with Pairs is Difficult: You Have to Be Together". Relationship between Boys and Girls in Cha-cha Dancing at School.
No full textInternational audienceDancing with Pairs is Difficult: You Have to Be Together". Rela<onship between Boys and Girls in Cha-cha Dancing at School.School is a strategic place in the social life of individuals (Lahire, 2019). Physical education (PE), one of its school disciplines, is recognized for its involvement in societal issues and citizenship. In France, as elsewhere (Földesi et al., 1994), PE has long been committed to gender equality, with a focus on co-education. Since the early 2000s, the effects of co-education in PE have been disseminated in teacher training. However, conceptual resistance still marks teaching practices today, renewing the opportunity to pursue and accentuate reflections in teacher training. More recently, PE has taken up the theme of psychosocial skills, with a renewed emphasis on health in schools. Although psychosocial skills have been defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) since 1990, there are few scientific studies documenting this dimension in the school environment, even though they are said to have positive effects on health, well-being and academic success (Lenzen, 2022). These potentialities are the subject of debate in PE research. However, we note that while danced physical activity refers to many modalities of cultural practice (Thorel-Hallez, 2015), it is recognized as conducive to encounters with others (Necker and Thorel-Hallez, 2015), to the benefit of coeducation in mixed classes and to students' psychosocial skills. Social skills, which involve behaviors between individuals and the emotional skills involved in affective processes, are among the factors that underpin the school experience, like any other living space.</div
Détection d’anomalies de données à l’aide d’explications de modèles basées sur l’influence
No full textInternational audienceWe address the problem of detecting data glitches in ML training sets, specifically mislabeled and anomalous samples. Detection of data glitches provides insights into the quality of the data sampling. Their repair may improve the reliability and the performance of the model. The proposed methodology is based on exploiting influence functions that estimate how much the loss of the model (or a given sample) is affected when a sample is removed from the training set. We introduce three novel signals for detecting, characterizing, and repairing data glitches in a training set based on sample influences. Influence-based signals form an explainable-by-design data glitch detection framework, producing intuitively explainable signals of the actual predictive model built. In contrast, specialized algorithms that are agnostic to the target ML model (e.g., anomaly detectors) replicate the work of fitting the data distribution and may detect glitches that are inconsistent with the decision boundary of the predictive model. Computational experiments on tabular and image data modalities demonstrate that the proposed signals outperform, in some cases up to a factor of 6, all existing influence-based signals, and generalize across different datasets and ML models. In addition, they often outperform specialized glitch detectors (e.g., mislabeled and anomaly detectors) and provide accurate label repairs for mislabeled samples
Paul Rivet et Claude Lévi-Strauss: une certaine idée du génie humain
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Histoire des oiseaux de Buffon, S. Schmitt and C. Crémière ed., Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière, vol. 16-18, Paris, H. Champion, 2021-2024
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Spatial Distribution and Plasmaspheric Ducting of Auroral Kilometric Radiation Revealed by Wind, Polar, and Arase
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Auroral Kilometric Radiation (AKR), the dominant radio emission from Earth, has been extensively studied, though previous analyses were constrained by limited spacecraft coverage. This study utilizes long‐term observations from Polar, Wind, and Arase spacecraft to generate comprehensive global AKR occurrence rate maps, revealing a high‐latitude and nightside preference. A detailed investigation of the equatorial shadow region confirms that the dense plasmasphere blocks AKR emissions across all wave frequencies. Low‐frequency emissions (100 kHz) propagate via plasmaspheric ducting and leakage, filling the equatorial region immediately outside the plasmasphere. Ray‐tracing simulations identify low‐density ducts within the plasmasphere as crucial channels that enable AKR to penetrate the dense plasmasphere, particularly at higher frequencies. These results align with meridional AKR observations, offering new insights into AKR propagation patterns
Computational Mass Spectrometry-Based Reassessment of European Amanita sect. Phalloideae Cyclopeptidome
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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) imaging for carbon quantification in archaeological ferrous alloys
No full textInternational audienceThis study demonstrates that μ-LIBS imaging provides high-resolution, quantitative carbon distribution in archaeological ferrous alloys. Ancient ferrous alloys are characterized by a heterogeneous distribution of carbon and other elements within their metallic matrix. This study uses micro-Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (μ-LIBS) to analyze the characteristic elements in archaeological ferrous alloys, complementing classical metallographic methods. Typically, this latter approach relies on image analysis following optical microscopy observations, which has limitations in accurately quantifying carbon concentrations. The analytical approach using μ-LIBS imaging not only enhances carbon localization but also facilitates the study of other elements present in ferrous alloys, such as phosphorus and manganese. This article shows the potential of μ-LIBS imaging for future archaeometallurgical research
The Ionosphere of Uranus as Revealed by JWST
No full textInternational audienceAbstract The first spectroscopic observations of Uranus by the James Webb Space Telescope were obtained in January 2023. Using these observations, we explored the physical properties of the planet's ionosphere through the analysis of near‐infrared spectra. We found that both the northern and southern aurora were present; confirmed by localized column density enhancements. The median ionospheric temperature across the disk was 415 13 K, which is at least 300 K lower than measured by Voyager 2 in 1986, making these the lowest temperatures ever recorded. Surprisingly, auroral temperatures are not elevated in the south, and are only enhanced by tens of Kelvin in the north, indicative of limited heating or very efficient transport away from the auroral regions. Significant non‐auroral ionospheric structure is observed, including a dark band aligned with the magnetic dip equator, revealing the first imprints of Uranus's magnetic field on its ionosphere