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Analyse didactique de la pertinence d’un dispositif de formation visant à développer une démarche réflexive chez les professeurs des écoles stagiaires
No full textInternational audienceThe main aim of this research article is to demonstrate the relevance and appropriateness of a classroom visit by a trainee primary school teacher in France. The visit is structured around three phases: observation by a trainer of the implementation of a situation by a trainee primary school teacher, post-observation interview, production of a post-interview reflective piece of writing. The methodology is based, on the one hand, on the analysis of the interview that follows the classroom observation and, on the other, on the study of the professional writing drafted by the trainee. Throughout the analysis of the system, the aim is to detect changes in the trainee teacher's posture, and thus to highlight the trainee's ability to adopt a reflective posture in terms of how he or she brings his or her pupils to experience a mathematical situation.Cet article de recherche a pour principale finalité de montrer la pertinence et la cohérence d’un dispositif spécifique de visite en classe d’un enseignant stagiaire au primaire. Ce dispositif s’articule en trois temps : observation par un formateur de la mise en œuvre d’une situation mathématique par un professeur des écoles stagiaire, entretien post-observation, production d’un écrit réflexif post-entretien. La méthodologie repose d’une part sur l’analyse de l’entretien qui fait suite à l’observation de classe, d’autre part sur l’étude de l’écrit professionnel rédigé par le stagiaire. Il s’agit tout au long de l’analyse du dispositif de déceler les changements d’attitude de l’enseignant stagiaire et ainsi de mettre en lumière sa capacité à adopter une démarche réflexive quant à sa manière de faire vivre une situation mathématique à ses élèves
Experimental insights into early cement development in carbonate aquifers: from diffusion to surface-controlled calcite growth
No full textInternational audienceDespite their geological significance, the thermochemical processes leading to the formation of early carbonate cements remain elusive. To bridge this knowledge gap, we carried out here laboratory-simulated diagenesis on aragonite ooids. They were placed in autoclaves, filled with distilled water, and subjected to varying temperatures and durations. Our results focus on the transformation from aragonite to calcite with temperaturedependent kinetics. At the grain scale, considered as a thermodynamic system on its own, two distinct stages of microstructural evolution were observed. In the first stage, diffusion processes predominate: the ooids experience progressive dissolution while a fringe of calcite cement forms around their periphery. In a second stage, radial diffusion stops and transformations are dominated by surface-controlled processes, characterized by calcite crystal growth within the ooids. The end-result is generally referred to as "neomorphism" in natural analogues. The transition from the diffusion-dominated to the surface-controlled stage is temperature-dependent and does not occur below 150°C. This behaviour can be explained by the progressive growth of the calcite fringe, which isolates the ooid from the surrounding pore water, while internal aragonite dissolution continues within the grain. These experiments show that early calcite cements, similar to those observed in meteoric phreatic environments, can grow without any external CaCO 3 input. They also show that neomorphism in ooids requires the closure of the ooid system, a condition that can occur at any stage of diagenesis. Finally, our experiments support the presence of a diffusive boundary layer, offering a process-based refinement of the traditional 'thin film' concept
Mapping the political landscape from data traces: multidimensional opinions of users, politicians and media outlets on X
No full textStudying political activity on social media often requires defining and measuring political stances of users or content. Relevant examples include the study of opinion polarization, or the study of political diversity in online content diets. While many research designs rely on operationalizations best suited for the US setting, few allow addressing more general political systems, in which users and media outlets might exhibit stances on multiple ideology and issue dimensions, going beyond traditional Liberal-Conservative or Left-Right scales. To advance the study of more general online ecosystems, we present a dataset pertaining to a population of X/Twitter users, parliamentarians, and media outlets embedded in a political space spanned by dimensions measuring attitudes towards immigration, the EU, liberal values, elites and institutions, nationalism and the environment, in addition to left-right and liberal-conservative scales. We include indicators of individual activity and popularity: mean number of posts per day, number of followers, and number of followees. We provide several benchmarks validating the positions of these entities and discuss several applications for this dataset
Is Chile still haunted by Guzmán’s specter ?: A reflection on the legacy of pinochetist ideologue on contemporary Chile
No full textInternational audienc
Is mild intellectual disability associated with a rhythmic skills impairment? A developmental perspective
No full textInternational audienceBackgroundWhile rhythm is an essential component of human development that contributes to both cognitive abilities and interactive behaviors, to date, research on rhythmic skills in individuals with mild intellectual disability (MID) – whose intellectual and adaptive functioning is impaired – is almost non-existent. If rhythmic abilities were deficient in these individuals, they could constitute a factor limiting their social integration and autonomy in daily life, that clinicians cannot neglect in their support.AimsThe aim of our study was to better understand rhythm perception and production abilities and their development between 10 and 15 years and 16–21 years in individuals with idiopathic MID, compared to typically developing (TD) individuals.Methods and proceduresFifty-seven MID and sixty-eight TD participants matched on chronological age were tested in a rhythm discrimination task and a rhythm production task, including two spontaneous motor tempo (SMT) recording and a synchronization-continuation phase in which they had to produce rhythms that were identical, slower or faster than their own SMT, and this with three different response modalities.Outcomes and resultsParticipants with MID performed worse than TD participants on all rhythmic tasks, while exhibiting a faster and more unstable SMT.Conclusions and implicationsThese findings suggest the existence of a deficit in both rhythmic perception and production skills in individuals with MID, compared to TD individuals. Our study thus helps to demonstrate the importance of a standardized assessment of rhythmic abilities and the role of these abilities in rehabilitation protocols for patients
Actes du 7e Colloque international du RAIFFET à l'IPNETP d’Abidjan (CÔTE D’IVOIRE) en 2025: Éducation technologique, formation professionnelle et l’éducation pour une société durable
No full textInternational audienceThis seventh symposium will provide an opportunity to compare perspectives on the issue of education for a sustainable society, from preschool to university, including Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) and non-formal education. We will therefore examine how the objectives for sustainable education are constructed along three axes:Axis 1 — Educational Policies for a Sustainable SocietyThis first axis examines the impact of educational policies on the organization of education and training systems across all sub-sectors of education, particularly in the fields of science, technology, and vocational education.Axis 2: Teaching and Learning for a Sustainable SocietyThis second axis examines the organizational conditions of teaching situations that can foster the acquisition of knowledge and skills by children, adolescents, and adults across all sub-sectors of education, particularly in the fields of science, technology, and vocational education.Axis 3: Information and Communication Technologies for a Sustainable SocietyThis third axis examines the role of Information and Communication Technologies, including Artificial Intelligence (AI), in the teaching and learning process across all sub-sectors of education, particularly in the fields of science, technology and vocational education.Ce septième colloque sera l’occasion de confronter les points de vue sur cette question de l’éducation pour une société durable du préscolaire à l’université incluant l’Enseignement et la Formation Techniques et Professionnelles (EFTP) et l’éducation non formelle. Il s’agit donc de nous interroger sur la manière dont les objectifs pour une éducation durable sont construits selon 3 axes : Axe 1 — Politiques éducatives pour une société durable Ce premier axe interroge l’impact des politiques éducatives sur l’organisation des systèmes d’éducation et de formation dans l’ensemble des sous-secteurs d’éducation, tout particulièrement dans les domaines de l’éducation scientifique, technologique et professionnelle. Axe 2 : Enseigner - apprendre pour une société durable Ce deuxième axe interroge les conditions d’organisation des situations d’enseignement susceptibles de favoriser l’appropriation de connaissances ou de compétences, par les enfants, les adolescents ou les adultes, dans l’ensemble des sous-secteurs d’éducation, tout particulièrement dans les domaines de l’éducation scientifique, technologique et professionnelle. Axe 3 : Technologies de l’information et de la communication pour une société durable Ce troisième axe interroge le rôle des Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication, y compris l'Intelligence Artificielle (IA), dans le processus d’enseignement apprentissage dans l’ensemble des sous-secteurs d’éducation, tout particulièrement dans les domaines de l’éducation scientifique, technologique et professionnelle
Altered excitation-inhibition balance in the somatomotor and default mode network in multiple sclerosis
No full textIntroduction: The balance between excitatory and inhibitory (E/I) neural processes is a fundamental principle of brain function, and its disruption has been implicated in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). In vivo assessment of E/I balance has traditionally relied on electrophysiological measures, and despite the abundance of fMRI data on MS, no fMRI-based technique has so far been presented to measure E/I balance in MS.Methods: Recently, a novel MRI-based method has been introduced to estimate E/I balance by integrating functional MRI and diffusion weighted imaging data. We use this approach to study E/I balance in MS at a global (over the whole head) and at the local level of specific resting state networks affected by MS: the somatomotor and Default Mode network (DMN). Furthermore, we perform the analysis using three different atlases: the Schaefer atlas, which is functionally defined, and the Automatic Anatomical Labeling (AAL) and Desikan Killany (DK) atlas, which are defined based on structural features.Results: Our findings reveal a significant alteration in E/I balance within the somatomotor and default mode networks when using the functionally defined Schaefer atlas, suggesting a network-specific dysfunction in MS. We also find that the E/I balance inferred within the somatomotor network correlates with motor fatigue.Conclusions: This study demonstrates a promising framework for investigating E/I balance alterations in neurological disorders and paves the way for validation in larger cohorts
Unmediated communication in games with (in)complete information: the 4-player case
No full textWe show that every rational correlated equilibrium of any finite game with complete information and four players can be implemented as a sequential equilibrium of a universallyextended game, in which before choosing actions in the underlying game, players privately exchange cheap talk messages. In particular, we improve on the result of Bárány (1992) and Gerardi (2004). Our result can be generalized to games with incomplete information, i.e., to the set of regular communication equilibria
Virus-like particles as modular interfaces for biomaterial functionalization
No full textInternational audienc
Considerations on the process of target selection for the Comet Interceptor mission
No full textInternational audienceComet Interceptor is an ESA science mission with payload contributions from ESA Member States and with an international participation by JAXA. It is the first mission that is being designed, built, and potentially launched before its target is known. This approach will enable the spacecraft to perform the first mission to a Long Period Comet from the Oort Cloud, as these comets have fleeting visits to the inner Solar System lasting only months to years from first discovery, too short for the usual process of mission development to be followed. In this paper we describe a number of factors that need to be considered in selecting a target for the mission, including scientific, orbital, spacecraft and instrument constraints, and discussion of different prioritisation strategies. We find that, in the case where we have a choice of targets, our decisions will mostly be driven by orbital information, which we will have relatively early on, with information on the activity level of the comet an important but secondary consideration. As cometary activity levels are notoriously hard to predict based on early observations alone, this prioritisation / decision approach based more on orbits gives us confidence that a good comet that is compatible with the spacecraft constraints will be selectable with sufficient warning time to allow the mission to intercept it