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Note de lecture : lecture Doc. Apprendre à comprendre des textes documentaires, CM1-CM2. Juliette Renaud (2024). Paris : Retz.
No full textThe large-scale study « The influence of reading and writing teaching practices on the quality of learning in first grade », conducted in France between 2013 and 2014 by a team led by R. Goigoux, shows that documentaries are only used in a minority of primary school classrooms. The 2021 PIRLS survey highlights the poor performance of French students when it comes to reading and understanding documentary texts. Yet documentaries are a motivating factor for learning to read and write, enabling students to acquire knowledge about the world that is important for the comprehension process (particularly when it comes to making inferences), not to mention that exposure to a variety of types of writing introduces readers to a range of communicative intentions. J. Renaud is part of an approach to designing tools that are “useful, usable, and acceptable.” The article presents his work, designed and tested by 150 primary school teachers, which offers educational ideas for teaching documentary reading strategies at the end of primary school.La recherche de grande envergure "L’influence des pratiques d’enseignement de la lecture et de l’écriture sur la qualité des apprentissages en CP", menée en France entre 2013 et 2014 par une équipe réunie autour de R. Goigoux, fait apparaitre que le documentaire n’est présent que dans une minorité de classes d’école primaire. L’enquête Pirls de 2021 pointe de son côté la faible performance des élèves français lorsqu’il s’agit de lire et comprendre des textes documentaires. Le documentaire est pourtant un facteur de motivation pour entrer dans l’écrit, permet d’engranger des connaissances sur le monde qui ont un poids dans les processus de compréhension (notamment s’agissant des inférences à réaliser), sans compter que l’exposition à une diversité des types d’écrits initie les lecteurs à l’éventail des intentions de communication. J. Renaud s’inscrit dans une démarche de conception d’outil « utile, utilisable et acceptable ». L’article présente son ouvrage conçu et testé par 150 enseignants du premier degré qui offre des pistes pédagogiques pour enseigner les stratégies en lecture documentaire en fin d’école primaire
Du micro au macro : analyser les supports et les productions d'élèves pour enseigner une chimie durable
No full textInternational audienc
Trans- en anglais : pseudo-préfixe ou réel préfixe ? Considérations morpho-sémantico-phonologiques
No full textInternational audienceThis article aims to examine the supposedly inseparable prefix trans- in contemporary English, and to evaluate its “prefixness” both in a synchronic and a diachronic perspective. To do so, two main corpora are used: the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) for the synchronic analyses, and the Corpus of Historical American English (COHA) for the diachronic analyses, as well as the enTenTen20 corpus, used as a reference corpus. By adopting a transdisciplinary approach mixing morphology, semantics and phonology, we analyze trans- within separable and inseparable prefixed forms, so as to bring out tendencies. The paper concludes on the relatively frequent productivity of trans- in separable prefixed forms in contemporary English, compared to its earlier uses in inseparable prefixed forms. This renewed productivity for trans- is, however, put back into perspective considering that its semantic range is restricted to the “scientific” domains it covered in Latin.Cet article a pour but d’étudier le préfixe trans-, qui est généralement considéré comme inséparable en anglais contemporain, et d’évaluer sa « préfixité » à la fois dans une étude synchronique et diachronique. Pour ce faire, deux corpus principaux sont utilisés : le Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) pour les analyses synchroniques, et le Corpus of Historical American English (COHA) pour les analyses diachroniques, ainsi que le corpus enTenTen20 qui sera utilisé comme corpus de référence En adoptant une approche transdisciplinaire mêlant morphologie, sémantique et phonologie, les formes préfixées contenant trans-, utilisé aussi bien dans des préfixés séparables qu’inséparables, sont passées en revue, afin de dégager des tendances. L’article conclut sur la productivité relativement forte de trans- dans des préfixés séparables en anglais contemporain, par rapport à ses usages antérieurs dans des préfixés inséparables. Ce regain de productivité est toutefois mis en perspective dans la mesure où l’empan sémantique de trans- en anglais contemporain se limite aux domaines « scientifiques » que ce préfixe avait en latin
Le droit commun des couples à l'épreuve du temps : bilan, fondements et perspectives
No full textInternational audienc
Des expériences corporelles transidentitaires en éducation physique et sportive
No full textInternational audienceIn the Francophone context, the scientific literature remains relatively scarce with regard to the triad of trans identities, school, and physical education (PE). Moreover, while students’ bodily experiences within the context of physical, sporting, and artistic activities have been relatively well documented, those of trans adolescents remain largely unexplored. Drawing on an examination of the experiences of trans youth in these activities as well as those of PE teachers, this article seeks to shed light on transfeminine and transmasculine corporealities within this teaching discipline.Dans le contexte francophone, la littérature scientifique se révèle peu foisonnante à l’égard du triptyque transidentités, École, et éducation physique et sportive (EPS). En outre, si les expériences corporelles des élèves, dans le contexte des activités physiques, sportives et artistiques (APSA), sont relativement documentées, celles des adolescent·e·s trans sont méconnues. Cet article propose, à travers l’examen d’expériences de jeunes trans dans les APSA et de celles d’enseignant·e·s d’EPS, d’éclairer les corporéités transféminines et transmasculines dans cette discipline d’enseignement
La réaction thiol-ène "Click" pour la synthèse de dérivés thioether et thioester biomoleculaires
No full textInternational audienceOver the past century, the radical thiol-ene reaction has demonstrated great value for the controlled synthesis of polymers and functionalised materials and for biomolecule conjugation. The free radical aspect offers many advantages, the three most prominent being water compatibility, a metal-free protocol (useful for the development of new therapeutic bioconjugates), and a biorthogonal mode of action. This chapter will cover recent developments in the use of the free radical thiol-ene 'click' reaction for the synthesis and the modification of biomolecules, bioconjugates and biomaterials. Applications in peptide and protein science are also discussed, including major contributions to the synthesis of glycopeptides and lipopeptides as well as peptide stapling and cyclisation. The various synthetic strategies towards thiosugars, glycoconjugates and glycoclusters are also highlighted with a focus on the regio-and stereoselectivity of the process. An overview of the thiol-ene mediated crosslinking strategy for the development of hydrogel biomaterials is also included, which demonstrates the diversity and versatility of the reaction in a biomolecular context
Approximating Ideology Scaling of Online Social Networks with Factor Analysis Identifying Dimensions with Survey Reference Frames
No full textIdeological scaling is a ubiquitous tool for inferring political opinions of large samples of social media users. Two longstanding issues with these methods, when applied to social media data, are their computational complexity and the lack of inherent referential frames for inferred ideology positions. In this work we address both issues. First, we derive the explicit mathematical connection between the Bayesian inference of ideology positions and Factor Analysis approximation that results in efficient computation. We illustrate the quality of these approximations with synthetic data. Second, we show how the use of survey data for identification and calibration allows for positioning along several issue and ideology dimensions, while positioning social media users from different countries in common political spaces. We illustrate our method on X/Twitter friendship networks in France, Germany, Italy, and Spain, validating our results using text data
Extreme flood deposits in the Roya Valley during the Holocene: characterisation and recurrence intervals
No full textInternational audienceFloods are among the costliest natural disasters, causing extensive damage and fatalities worldwide. Mountainous regions of the Mediterranean Alps are highly vulnerable to extreme hydrological events, whose frequency is increasing in the context of climate change favouring convective storms. In October 2020, the Roya valley was struck by an extreme hydrological event. The amount of rainfall (return period >1000yr) and discharge (>100yr), triggered major geomorphological changes, including subsantial channel widening, slope destabilisation and extensive bank erosion. This study provides unprecedented sedimentological data on torrential dynamics in the Roya Valley, based on 14C and OSL dating of newly exposed flooding deposits following Storm Alex. Five clusters of preserved fluvial and torrential deposits ranging from the Younger Dryas–Holocene transition to the Little Ice Age are identified. These preservation clusters correspond to periods of wetter condition and anthropogenic influence. By combining sedimentological analyses with documented pollen and sediments records from lakes in the Mercantour massif, as well as historical archives, this study presents one of the first flood-frequency reconstructions for a Mediterranean Alpine catchment over a multi-millennial timescale. Past flooding events (on centennial to millennial scales) leave distinctive sedimentary signatures, characterised by thick deposits and the mobilisation of coarse particles, before being reworked within the broader autogenic dynamics of the river system. Reconstructing the frequency and occurrence of past extreme flood events provides key insights into the conditions under which such events occurr, and offers valuable information for the development of flood-risk scenarios, particularly in mountainous areas that are among the most affected by contemporary climate change
Quelle(s) place(s) du végétal sur les photographies diffusées sur les réseaux sociaux numériques ? Le Jardin des Plantes sur Instagram (2012-2024) : méthodes et premières observations
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The relationship between warm and hot gas-phase metallicity in massive elliptical galaxies and the influence of AGN feedback
No full textInternational audienceWarm ionized gas is ubiquitous at the centers of X-ray bright elliptical galaxies. While it is believed to play a key role in the feeding and feedback processes of supermassive black holes, its origins remain under debate. Existing studies have primarily focused on the morphology and kinematics of warm ionized gas. This work aims to provide a new perspective on warm (10,000 K) ionized gas and its connection to X-ray-emitting hot gas (>10^6 K) by measuring and comparing their metallicities. We conducted a joint analysis of 13 massive elliptical galaxies using MUSE/VLT and Chandra observations. Emission-line ratios were measured for the warm ionized gas using MUSE observation, and used to infer the ionization mechanisms and derive metallicities of the warm ionized gas using HII, and LIN(E)R calibrations. We also computed the warm phase metallicity using X-ray/EUV, and pAGB stars models. For two sources at higher redshift, direct Te method was also used to measure warm gas metallicities. Our observations reveal that most sources exhibit composite ionization, with contributions from both star formation and LINER-like emission. A positive linear correlation was found between the gas-phase metallicities of the warm and hot phases, ranging from 0.3 to 1.5 Zsun, and suggest the intimate connection between the two gas phases, likely driven by gas cooling and/or mixing. In some sources the warm gas metallicity shows a central drop. A similar radial trend has been reported for the hot gas metallicity in some galaxy clusters. The ionization mechanisms of cooling flow elliptical galaxies are diverse, suggesting multiple channels for powering the warm ionized gas. The large variation in the warm gas metallicity further suggests that cold gas mass derived under the assumption of solar metallicity for the CO-to-H2 conversion factor needs to be revised by approximately an order of magnitude