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Soil Organic Carbon Estimation Using NIRS and MIRS Spectroscopy with Machine Learning as a Statistical Tool in the Senegalese Peanut Basin: A Rapid Approach for Sustainable Soil Management
No full textInternational audienceSenegalese agriculture relies heavily on peanut cultivation, but agricultural intensification has led to soil degradation and a decline in fertility. Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a key indicator of soil quality, influencing its structure and fertility. However, conventional SOC analysis methods are costly and time-consuming. Infrared spectroscopy (NIRS and MIRS) offers a fast and non-destructive alternative, allowing SOC estimation based on the soil’s spectral properties. The study, conducted in the Senegalese Peanut Basin, involved the analysis of 240 soil samples at two depths (0–10 cm and 10–30 cm). Spectra were acquired using NIRS and MIRS, then calibrated with reference measurements obtained through CHNSO analysis. Various spectral preprocessing techniques (SNV, SG, MSC, etc.) and machine learning models (PLSR, SVM, Random Forest, XGBoost) were tested to optimize SOC prediction. The results show that the SVM and Random Forest models offer the best performance, particularly with NIRS spectra preprocessed using Savitzky-Golay, achieving a coefficient of determination (R²) above 0.8 and an RPD > 2, indicating sufficient accuracy for soil management applications. This study highlights infrared spectroscopy as a promising tool for the rapid and cost-effective mapping of SOC, contributing to improved agricultural soil fertility management
Le signe hexadique, le cours d’expérience et le cours d’énaction : contribution de/à la sémiotique ?
No full textInternational audienc
Risks to human and animal health from the presence of bromide in food and feed
No full textInternational audienceThe European Commission mandated EFSA to assess the toxicity of bromide, the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs), and possible transfer from feed into food of animal origin. The critical effects of bromide in experimental animals are on the thyroid and central nervous system. Changes in thyroid hormone homeostasis could result in neurodevelopmental toxicity, among other adverse effects. Changes in thyroid hormone concentrations and neurophysiological parameters have also been observed in experimental human studies, but the evidence was limited. Dose–response modelling of decreased blood thyroxine concentrations in rats resulted in a reference point of 40 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day. The Scientific Committee established a tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 0.4 mg/kg bw per day and an acute reference dose (ARfD) of 0.4 mg/kg bw per day to protect against adverse neurodevelopmental effects. The TDI value is supported by the results of experimental human studies with a NOAEL of 4 mg/kg bw per day and 10‐fold interindividual variability. The TDI and ARfD are considered as conservative with 90% certainty. Insufficient evidence related to the toxicological effects of bromide was available for animals, with the exception of dogs. Therefore, the reference point of 40 mg/kg bw per day was extrapolated to maximum safe concentrations of bromide in complete feed for other animal species. Bromide can transfer from feed to food of animal origin, but, from the limited data, it was not possible to quantify the transfer rate. Monitoring data exceeded the current MRLs for some food commodities, generally with a low frequency. A conservative safety screening of the MRLs indicated that the TDI and ARfD are exceeded for some EU diets. Dietary exposure assessment for animals was not feasible due to insufficient data. The Scientific Committee recommends data be generated to allow robust dietary exposure assessments in the future, and data that support the risk assessment
Harnessing trait-environment interactions to predict ecosystem functions
No full textInternational audienceIn a changing world, predicting ecosystem functions is essential to ensuring human well‐being and survival. However, commonly used trait‐based predictive approaches frequently lack predictive power. Statistical and conceptual attempts to better incorporate environmental factors into trait‐based predictions have done so by integrating indirect, trait‐mediated effects therein. Here, we define ecosystem functions as changes in the state, position, or nature of energy or matter within an ecosystem, and then illustrate how environmental factors can directly affect ecosystem functions. Given that the effects of organismal traits and environmental factors are not necessarily additive, we also propose that interactions between organismal traits and environmental factors (hereafter, trait–environment interactions) have explanatory power. We propose a conceptual framework in which organismal traits, environmental factors, and trait–environment interactions, together with the environment's effects on traits (plasticity) and traits’ effects on the environment (ecosystem engineering), can explain ecosystem functions. We conclude by discussing the importance of considering trait–environment interactions and identifying future avenues of exploration
Quelle transition dans le système alimentaire en Bourgogne Franche-Comté ? : Approvisionnement de la restauration collective par les circuits de proximité
No full textInternational audienceLe système alimentaire actuel atteint des limites de soutenabilité environnementale économiques et sociales (Rastouin, 2024). En France, le Grenelle de l’environnement en 2007 promeut la mise en place des circuits courts et de proximité. Mais la demande finale reste trop limitée, les acteurs publics utilisent alors le levier de la restauration collective pour reterritorialiser le système alimentaire et améliorer la qualité nutritionnelle de l’alimentation. L’objectif de cette communication sera double : 1) analyser quelle a été l’activation des proximités organisées et géographiques par la restauration collective ? Cette activation a-t-elle contribué à la diffusion de l’innovation ? 2) La reterritorialisation a-t-elle contribué à créer des risques d’inégalités territoriales ? Nos résultats, fondés sur l’utilisation de la base de données Agrilocal, montrent que la diffusion de l’innovation reste limitée en Bourgogne Franche-Comté et que le Covid a ralenti la transition du système alimentaire
Rôle de la fertilisation azotée dans la dynamique des adventices. Moduler la fertilisation peut-il favoriser la régulation biologique par compétition ?
No full textInternational audienc
Crowdfunding et transition du système agri-alimentaire. Une approche par les différentes dimensions de la proximité
No full textEn nous appuyant sur les données de trois plateformes spécialisées de crowdfunding et sur des entretiens semi-directifs menés auprès de porteurs de projets situés dans la zone française de l’Arc jurassien, nous interrogeons le rôle de ce mode de financement dans la transition du système agri-alimentaire. Nous mobilisons notamment la théorie de la proximité (Torre, 2018) pour montrer que, si la proximité dite “sociale” (lien familial, amical ou de réseau) joue un rôle déterminant dans la réussite des collectes, la proximité géographique, quant à elle, n’apparaît pas décisive dans la décision de recourir au crowdfunding ni dans le succès de la campagne. Notre étude exploratoire suggère également que d’autres formes de proximité (institutionnelle ou organisationnelle) peuvent influencer la démarche des acteurs. Enfin, le soutien familial et amical demeure central, tandis que l’effet d’un éventuel “voisinage géographique” reste beaucoup plus modéré
FILTER - Des filières territoriales vectrices de pratiques agroécologiques: « Plan Écophyto II+ – Procédure Appel à projets de recherche innovation 2021- Pour et sur l’engagement des Partiesprenantes dans les filières et les territoires pour appuyer et valoriser la réduction de l’usage et des impacts de produits phytosanitaires »
No full textThis report presents the scientific results of the Filter project, which analysed the conditions for the emergence and development of local supply chains and their impact on the greening of agricultural practices and food supply chains. Local supply chains are understood as collective organisations in which all stages of product development take place within the same territory and the resources mobilised throughout the chain are local. Based on six case studies in which 47 interviews were conducted, the report highlights three main approaches to local supply chains (territorial, corporate and citizen-based), which differ in terms of the nature of the common goods they share and their governance.Le présent rapport présente les résultats scientifiques du projet Filter portant sur l'analyse des conditions d'émergence et de développement des filières territorialisées et leurs impacts sur l'écologisation des pratiques agricoles et des filières alimentaires. Les filières territoriales sont entendues comme des organisations collectives où l’ensemble des étapes d’élaboration d’un produit est assuré dans un même territoire et où les ressources mobilisées tout au long de la chaîne sont locales. En s'appuyant sur 6 études de cas dans lesquels ont été conduits 47 entretiens, le rapport met en évidence, trois grandes logiques de filières territoriales (logique de territoire, d'entreprise et citoyenne) qui se distinguent par la nature des biens communs qu'elles partagent et par leur gouvernance
Corrigendum to “Mechanical, physical, water vapor barrier, and functional properties of carboxymethyl cellulose/anthocyanin/TiO2 films for real-time food quality monitoring” [Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications 11 (2025) 100877]
No full textInternational audienceTo enhance the properties of functional film containing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and Carissa carandas L. fruit and Clitoria ternatea flower anthocyanins (CCA) while maintaining functional properties for quality monitoring, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2) were added at different concentrations. Nano-TiO2 addition affected the films’ color by increasing b* and decreasing L* and a* values as well as lowering light transmittance and transparency. Increasing the nano-TiO2 content improved the tensile strength (17.70–31.33 MPa) but decreased the elongation at break (50.23–40.03 %) and degree of swelling (149.55–92.02 %) of the CMC/CCA film (p < 0.05). Nano-TiO2 addition also significantly improved the water vapor barrier properties of films (3.88–3.42 × 10−10 g m−2 s−1 Pa−1). After exposure to volatile ammonia, the nano-TiO2-added films showed poor color changes, particularly at high nano-TiO2 levels. Fourier transform infrared analysis revealed that there were no major changes in the polymer structure. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the presence of nano-TiO2 in the CMC/CCA functional films. Confirming our hypothesis, the 1 % nano-TiO2-loaded CMC/CCA functional film exhibited optimal performance between enhanced properties and color indication capability, making it efficient for real-time quality change detection. Therefore, the developed nano-TiO2-loaded CMC/CCA functional film shows promise as an intelligent food packaging
Microbial transfers in dairy systems under changing climate and farming practices
No full textInternational audienceContext. Evolving agricultural practices aimed at mitigating the effects of climate change raise questions about their impact on the microbial characteristics of the food matrix, which is particularly relevant for raw milk cheese production. To address these issues, we explored microbial transfers across cheese production from farm environments to raw milk cheese and rat microbiota consuming these cheeses in four farming systems with varying grazing proportions in cow diet for 3 months.Results. 736 samples were collected in 12 ecosystems (air, soil, grass, cow rumen and feces, teats, bedding material, milk, milk filter, cheese curd and rind, and rat feces) and at three sampling dates (only one for cheeses and rats). The bacterial and fungal communities were characterized by 16S V3-V4 and ITS sequencing and data were processed with rAnomaly package [1] (dada2 [2], taxonomic assignation 16S: SILVA database and DairyDB, ITS: UNITE and UTOPIA). Conclusion.The twelve ecosystems were highly heterogeneous in terms of community composition, diversity and regarding the four farming systems. We identified shared ASVs across the farm to fork agri-food chain, and determined diversity hotspots and bottlenecks impacting downstream microbiota, such as bedding material or cow rumens. These microbial transfers differed between the four farming systems and evolved in time.</div