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Transformer les systèmes d’élevage par le jeu ?: Retour sur le processus de conception d’un jeu sérieux destiné à accompagner la transition des systèmes cunicoles
No full textInternational audienceInsta'Lap is a serious game that aims to support the transition of rabbit farming systems. This is a simulation game that enables players to (re)design a rabbit farming system that is desirable for them and acceptable to society. The course of a game includes a phase in which players identify their aspirations and farming practices using a selection of cards, a phase of collective reflexivity, and a multi-criteria assessment of sustainability of the systems designed. At the crossroads of social sciences (sociology and education) and animal sciences, the game design process is examined through the prism of the difficulties and frictions encountered in the co-design committee. Insta’Lap is considered as a “frontier object” that promotes dialogue between social worlds of rabbit farming gathered within the co-design committee. The discussion questions the playfulness and the gameplay of Insta’Lap and the transformative potential of play.Insta’Lap est un jeu sérieux qui vise à accompagner la transition des systèmes d’élevage cunicole. Il s’agit d’un jeu de simulation permettant aux joueur·euses de concevoir un système d’élevage de lapins désirable pour eux et acceptable pour la société. Le déroulement d’une partie inclut une phase d’identification d’aspirations et de pratiques d’élevage grâce à des cartes au choix, une phase de réflexivité collective, et une phase d’évaluation multicritère de la durabilité des systèmes conçus. Au croisement des sciences sociales (sociologie et sciences de l’éducation) et de la zootechnie, le processus de conception du jeu est examiné au prisme des difficultés et frictions rencontrées dans le comité de co-conception. Insta’Lap est considéré comme un « objet-frontière » favorisant le dialogue entre les mondes sociaux cunicoles réunis au sein de ce comité. La discussion s’interroge sur la ludicité, la jouabilité d’Insta’lap et le potentiel transformatif du jeu
Intensive management negatively impacts field margin ecosystem service indicators at both field and landscape levels
No full textInternational audienceVegetated field margins generally increase plant biodiversity and connectivity in agricultural landscapes. They can deliver ecosystem services, such as providing food and shelter for insects, or maintaining biotic regulation. But they can also represent a risk, for example by hosting competitor plants or cultivated crop pests. In this work, we evaluated the effects of agricultural practices on indicators of three ecosystem services (providing floral resources for pollinators, reducing soil erosion and conserving plant biodiversity), and one ecosystem disservice (competing with the crop by hosting problematic weeds). We used a French nationwide‐scale monitoring network, composed of more than 450 fields of cereals, vineyards, and market gardening. Plant sampling and agricultural practices surveys were conducted from 2013 to 2018. We unambiguously found that pesticide use, at either field or municipality levels, or both, had detrimental effects on ecosystem service indicators. Herbicide use and fertilization quantity decreased floral resources, affecting both their quantity and diversity. Pesticide use was also associated with fewer nature‐value species and more problematic weeds. Margin management could also sometimes affect the service and disservice indicators. This work not only increases the knowledge on the unintentional negative impacts of agricultural practices on ecosystem service indicators, and then probably on their delivery, but also demonstrates that pesticide reduction is positively associated with proxies for ecosystem services. It also stresses the fact that these practices have to be implemented at both field and municipality levels
Cobalamin-mediated protection of Faecalibacterium duncaniae against oxidative stress: Insights from proteomic and membrane fatty acid profiles
No full textInternational audienceFaecalibacterium species are keystone commensals of the human gut, contributing to intestinal homeostasis, immune modulation, and epithelial health. However, their extreme sensitivity to oxygen and reactive oxygen species renders them highly vulnerable during inflammatory conditions, severely limiting their therapeutic application. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying their oxidative stress responses is therefore critical for harnessing these bacteria as next-generation probiotics to restore gut health. In this study, we investigated oxidative stress responses in Faecalibacterium duncaniae A2–165 using comprehensive proteomic and membrane fatty acid profiling. We demonstrated that increasing hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) concentrations extend the lag phase of growth and affect survival during the first hour of exposure, notably altering the redox potential. Exposure to H₂O₂ triggered a remodeling of the proteome, including detoxification systems, metal transporters, DNA repair systems, transcriptional regulators, and enzymes involved in cobalamin biosynthesis. Complementary RT-qPCR analyses revealed coordinated and time-dependent transcriptional activation of genes involved in oxidative stress response. Remarkably, cobalamin supplementation enhanced bacterial growth, mitigated H₂O₂-induced stress, and lowered superoxide levels in F. duncaniae, highlighting its direct antioxidant activity. By analyzing membrane fatty acid profiles, we showed that cobalamin preserves membrane fluidity, counteracting oxidative stress induced by H₂O₂ in F. duncaniae. These findings reveal the multifaceted strategies employed by F. duncaniae to withstand oxidative stress and provide a foundation for future efforts to optimize its production at industrial scales and its therapeutic potential as a next-generation probiotic
Bénéfices des aliments fermentés, de l’empirisme aux démonstrations scientifiques : l’apport de Ferments du Futur
No full textInternational audienceFermentation has held a central place in human nutrition for millennia, both for the preservation of perishable goods and for their transformation. Fermented foods indeed have unique sensory properties, in addition to health benefits that are increasingly well-documented. Furthermore, fermentation contributes to the sustainability of our food systems. As we move towards more natural, healthy and sustainable diets, fermentation represents a key technology for transforming agri-food systems. The Ferments du Futur (FdF) initiative, led by INRAE and ANIA with the support of France 2030, aims to develop new ferments, to improve fermentation processes and to create high added-value fermented foods, drawing on biotechnologies, data science and public–private collaborations. This article outlines the major benefits associated with fermentation: food safety, sensory properties, nutrition and health and environmental impact, while highlighting the concrete solutions that FdF will provide, through its projects and technological platforms.La fermentation occupe une place centrale dans l’alimentation humaine depuis des millénaires, pour la conservation des denrées périssables mais aussi pour leur transformation. Les aliments fermentés ont en effet des propriétés sensorielles uniques, auxquelles s’ajoute un bénéfice santé de mieux en mieux documenté. La fermentation contribue par ailleurs à la durabilité de nos systèmes alimentaires. Dans un contexte de transition vers une alimentation plus naturelle, plus saine et plus durable, la fermentation émerge comme une solution innovante pour transformer les systèmes agroalimentaires. L’initiative Ferments du Futur (FdF), portée par INRAE et l’ANIA dans le cadre de France 2030, vise à développer de nouveaux ferments, améliorer les procédés de fermentation et créer des aliments fermentés à haute valeur ajoutée, en s’appuyant sur les biotechnologies, les sciences des données et un dialogue poussé entre acteurs publics et privés. Cet article présente les grands enjeux associés à la fermentation : sécurité des aliments, propriétés sensorielles, nutrition et santé, impact environnemental, tout en illustrant les solutions concrètes qu’apportera FdF, notamment via ses projets et plateformes technologiques
Artificial selection of suppressive or conducive rhizosphere microbiota circumvents the growth-defense trade-off due to a foliar pathogen
No full textInternational audiencePlant-pathogen interactions are influenced by physiological responses and rhizospheric microorganisms, which can create disease-suppressive or disease-conducive soils affecting pathogen dynamics. This study used artificial selection to shape soil microbiota conditioned by Arabidopsis thaliana to either suppress or promote the foliar pathogen Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 (Pst). Over successive iterations, plants were inoculated with Pst, and soils were selected based on plant symptoms: enhanced resistance (suppressive), increased susceptibility (conducive), or no selection (control). A non-inoculated group (non-conditioned) was also included. Disease symptoms, Pst proliferation, and rhizosphere microbiota were monitored each iteration. Selection for suppressive soils reduced disease severity and Pst levels, while conducive soils showed the opposite. Each soil type was enriched in distinct bacterial communities. A growth-defense trade-off was evident in control soils but less so in selected soils. Gene expression analysis revealed that plant hormone homeostasis, especially salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) played key roles with SA linked to local defense and JA to systemic responses. This work highlights artificial selection as a promising strategy to modulate soil microbiota, influencing plant-pathogen interactions and microbial dynamics
Impact of the physico-chemical properties of commercial pea proteins concentrate and isolate on the quality of meat analogs
No full textInternational audiencePlant proteins extracted from soys and peas, have been identified as potential functional ingredients for plantbased meat analogs producted by high moisture extrusion cooking (HMEC). However, the extraction process (dry for concentrate and wet for isolate) can have an impact on the primary structure of the proteins, affecting their technical and functional properties. This study aims to compare the impact of two fractionation process on pea proteins (structure, fractions, flowing index) and their ability to create a network, which can mimic the fiber structure found in meat, within moisture extrusion. Pea protein concentrates (PPC) obtained by dry fractionation, and pea protein isolate (PPI) by isoelectric precipitation were characterized in terms of functional and flow properties. Results showed that PPI have a higher aggregation, lower solubility and water-holding capacity than PPC, and no thermal event was highlighted by differential scanning calorimetry, indicating proteins denaturation of PPI. Denaturation of proteins before the heating step in extruder barrel contrasts with the current model described in the literature. However, treating with HMEC, PPC is less suitable than PPI where better results in term of flow properties (respectively with flowability indexes of 27.33 and 56.17) and anisotropic structure. In that way, it appears that proteins concentration (55 % and 70 % respectively for PPC and PPI) is the most important parameter for creating a meat like texture in the conditions of the experiment
Interactions between human norovirus virus-like particles and bacteria: Impact on thermal resistance
No full textInternational audienceHuman norovirus, a leading cause of foodborne gastroenteritis, is known for the virus's resistance to inactivation and environmental persistence. It interacts with histo-blood group antigens, its only known ligands. Due to the lack of an efficient cell culture system, noninfectious virus-like particles (VLPs) are used for research.This study aimed to identify virus-microbe pairs, characterize their interactions, and assess their effects on bacterial heat resistance. VLPs of genotypes GII.4 and GII.17 were tested against 77 microbial strains, including 44 pathogenic bacteria, 4 fermentative bacteria, and 6 yeasts.Specific interactions were observed between GII.17 VLPs and Staphylococcus aureus or Enterobacter cloacae, mediated by surface sugar-dependent mechanisms confirmed by sodium periodate treatment. No binding was detected with GII.4 VLPs. Competition assays suggested that histo-blood group antigen-like structures were not involved. Atomic force microscopy revealed direct attachment of VLPs within the exopolysaccharide matrix of E. cloacae.Environmental factors significantly affected binding efficiency. It was influenced by buffer composition, increasing in citrate buffer, and by oxygen availability, being abolished under anaerobic conditions. Furthermore, attached particles enhanced bacterial heat resistance. These findings provide new insight into norovirus persistence and virulence, particularly for genotype GII.17, which, though less prevalent, exhibits stronger binding affinity
L’autonomisation au travail d’éleveurs qui valorisent des milieux semi-naturels par le pâturage
No full textPARTIE II: LES NOUVELLES PRATIQUES AGRICOLESInternational audienc
Designing a Multi-scale, Process-oriented and Covariate-Guided Sampling Strategy for Capturing Spatial Heterogeneity of Soil Organic Carbon in Sahelian Semi-arid Agroecosystems
No full textInternational audienceSoil organic carbon (SOC) plays a central role in soil fertility, ecosystem resilience, and climate regulation, particularly in semi-arid drylands where degradation pressures are increasing. In Sahelian sandy agroecosystems, SOC distribution is highly heterogeneous due to interacting influences of sparse vegetation cover, sandy parent materials, biogenic structures, and subtle topographic gradients. Conventional random or systematic grid-based sampling designs often fail to capture short-range variability and localized carbon hotspots, potentially compromising spatial inference and digital soil mapping accuracy. This study proposes a multi-scale, process-oriented, and covariate-guided sampling framework tailored to Sahelian semi-arid environments. The approach integrates the SCORPAN conceptual model with high-density radial transect sampling around biogenic structures at the local scale and landscape-scale environmental stratification based on NDVI classes, soil reflectance indices (BI, BSI, RI), and terrain attributes. Sampling points were proportionally allocated across environmentally homogeneous strata to ensure balanced representation of vegetation gradients, exposed sandy surfaces, and micro-topographic conditions. The proposed design enhances environmental representativeness, reduces sampling bias, and strengthens the ecological coherence of SOC spatial assessment. By explicitly accounting for nested spatial processes, the framework provides a transferable methodological foundation for soil surveys, carbon stock estimation, and digital soil mapping applications in semi-arid drylands facing climate variability and land degradation pressures
Comment l’investissement public dans les transports modifie-t-il la densification urbaine et l’usage du sol ? Enseignements du tramway de Dijon (France)
No full textInternational audienceInvestment in public transport offers alternatives to reduce car dependency as well as many negative externalities associated with solo car usage. Yet, to be fully effective, public transport infrastructure must be able to facilitate economic activities and households’ concentration. By increasing building density around stations and corridors, transport land-use feedback cycle can be engaged. The paper aims to evaluate the existence and extent of the causal relationship between public investment and densification, leveraging the implementation of a tramway service in the metropole of Dijon (France). The analysis decomposes the impact by direction as well as by the distance to corridor and city center. The results suggest that investment in public transport systems can significantly affect population and/or employment densification patterns, but that success is largely linked to the political willingness to stimulate densification through facilitating private investment