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Les fourches de justice dans les municipalités de Gascogne à la fin du Moyen Âge : les gibets contre la peine de mort ?
No full textInternational audienceInvestigating the gibbets in medieval Gascony means trying to unravel fragments of archives, too much scattered to create an indisputable corpus. However, the archives preserved in eastern Gascony shed a surprising light. There the forks were so hotly contested that one wonders whether their main function was not to deliver a traditional proof of the administration of justice. Rather than hanging corpses, the gibbets kept judges on their toes and, paradoxically, hindered the development of the death penalty, at a time of contestation and conflict over regional sovereignty.Enquêter sur les fourches patibulaires de la Gascogne médiévale revient à tenter de démêler des fragments d’archives si dispersés qu’il est bien difficile d’en établir un corpus incontestable. Toutefois, les comptabilités municipales conservées en Gascogne orientale jettent une lumière surprenante. À la fin du Moyen Âge, les fourches patibulaires y sont l’objet de contestations si denses que l’on en vient à se demander si leur fonction principale ne réside pas dans la preuve par tradition réelle de l’administration de la justice. Les gibets, plus que de suspendre les cadavres, accrochent en fait les juges à leurs devoirs et entravent paradoxalement l’essor de la délivrance des peines de mort, dans un contexte de contestation des souverainetés régionales
Exploring feeding strategies and isotopic diversity in some Mediterranean marine wood-boring bivalves
No full textInternational audienceWood serves as a resource for specialized marine organisms, such as wood-boring bivalves, which have evolved unique strategies to degrade and assimilate this highly refractory material. This study examines the feeding strategies of co-occurring woodboring bivalves under controlled conditions by integrating isotopic analyses (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) with microbiota profiling. A comparison of one xylophagaid (Xylophaga dorsalis) and two teredinids (Bankia carinata and Nototeredo norvagica) reveals pronounced differences in their isotopic signatures, despite their shared trophic niche. While teredinids rely on diazotrophic symbioses for nitrogen acquisition, X. dorsalis exhibits elevated δ¹⁵N values, suggesting additional nitrogen inputs, possibly from bacteria associated with digested wood. Microbiota analyses confirm the presence of diazotrophic endosymbionts in X. dorsalis, whereas the nitrogen-fixing capacity of the dominant symbiont in B. carinata remains uncertain. These findings underscore the diversity of trophic mechanisms and symbiotic interactions among wood-boring bivalves, highlighting the complexity of nutrient assimilation strategies within this ecological guild
Étude spatiale de l’Antiquité tardive: L'approche websig du projet Atlas
No full textInternational audienceCe chapitre traite des méthodologies et des approches utilisées pour créer le WebSIG et la collecte de données qui en découle dans le cadre du projet ATLAS. L’un des principaux défis de l’approche interdisciplinaire intégrée est la collecte et la combinaison de trois types de données différents : archéologiques, épigraphiques et littéraires. La disparité des types de données constitue un défi pour le développement d’un WebSIG véritablement intégré. Malgré ces défis, le WebSIG ATLAS a été en mesure de fournir un WebSIG en accès libre combinant les ensembles de données. La combinaison et l’analyse de ces trois sources de données au sein du WebSIG est une nouveauté et permet aux chercheurs de différents horizons de placer les découvertes dans leur contexte plus large et de développer de nouvelles idées sur la structure urbaine dans l'Antiquité tardive
Immunological surveillance against cancer across mammals
No full textInternational audienceContrary to expectations based on their higher cell numbers, larger and longer-lived species do not face dramatically increased risk of cancer. This strongly suggests that evolution has fashioned natural cancer resistance mechanisms, yet our knowledge remains limited on what these mechanisms might be. The cancer immunological surveillance hypothesis, proposed by Burnet and Thomas in the 1950s, highlights immunity as a key factor determining species-specific cancer resistance. Here we address the original, evolutionary interpretation of this hypothesis by investigating the relationship between cancer mortality risk and markers of efficient antigen presentation. Our results show that the expansion of the MHC class I gene complex, as well as increased selection for diversity at these genes is associated with sharply decreasing cancer mortality risk across mammals. This suggests that the efficient presentation of diverse peptides in somatic cells is important for cancer suppression across mammals, providing pioneering evidence that supports the cancer immunosurveillance hypothesis across species
Assessing atoll island future habitability in the context of climate change using Bayesian networks
No full textInternational audienceAtoll islands are threatened by multiple climate change impacts, such as sea-level rise, extreme sea-level events, ocean warming, and acidification. A recent approach to assessing climate change risk to these islands is to use multi-criteria expert judgment methods. These approaches can serve as a basis for the development of Bayesian Networks (BNs) integrating expert knowledge and uncertainties to perform climate risk assessments. Here, we use the multi-criteria expert-based assessment of Duvat et al. (2021), who assessed future risk to habitability for four Indian and Pacific Oceans' atoll islands, in order to discuss the advantages and limitations of the BN model. Advantages of the approach include the explicit treatment of uncertainties and the possibility to query expert knowledge in a non-trivial manner. For example, expert knowledge can be used to assess risks to habitability and future uncertainties and to explore inverse problems such as which drivers can exceed specific risk thresholds. Our work suggests that BN, though requiring a certain level of implementation expertise, could be used to assess climate change risk and support climate adaptation
Rapport de la cartographie de science ouverte pour les produits de recherche de La Rochelle Université
No full textThis report provides a cross-cutting overview of the implementation of Open Science (OS) at La Rochelle Université through infrastructures, tools, and support mechanisms. It highlights a growing process of appropriation in 2025: increased skills in metadata and Data Management Plans (DMPs), first supported deposits, clearer dissemination workflows, and improved coordination between services. UCLR plays a structuring role: the platform equips the university's Open Science strategy to anticipate rising needs and evolving practices, by simplifying data deposit, description, and dissemination, and by guiding researchers toward trusted repositories. This approach fosters more robust data management, wider dissemination, and better revaluation of research outputs, while adapting to disciplinary, legal, and funder-specific constraints.The report also highlights current challenges (sensitive data, external partnerships, human resources, and time) and documents the solutions implemented (metadata-only records, partial deposits, HAL/Software Heritage integration). Finally, it identifies key priorities to consolidate the ecosystem: sharing of practices, extension of UCLR's functional scope, continuous training, and inter-service coordination, in order to embed sustainable and context-appropriate Open Science practices within the university.Ce rapport dresse un état des lieux transversal de la mise en oeuvre de la science ouverte (SO) à La Rochelle Université à travers les infrastructures, les outils et les dispositifs d'accompagnement. Il met en évidence une dynamique d'appropriation en 2025 : montée en compétences sur les métadonnées et les Plans de Gestion des Données (PGD), premiers dépôts outillés, clarification des parcours de diffusion et meilleure articulation entre services. UCLR occupe une place structurante : la plateforme vient apporter des outils de la SO à LRU pour anticiper l'augmentation des besoins et les changements de pratiques, en simplifiant le dépôt, la description et la diffusion, et en orientant vers des entrepôts de confiance. Cette approche permet une gestion plus robuste, une diffusion accrue et une revalorisation des produits de recherche, tout en s'adaptant aux contraintes disciplinaires, juridiques et des financeurs. Sont également soulignées les limites rencontrées (données sensibles, accords/partenariats externes, ressources humaines, temps) et documente les solutions déployées (fiches de métadonnées sans diffusion, dépôts partiels, articulation HAL/Software Heritage). Il identifie enfin les priorités pour consolider l'écosystème : mutualisation des pratiques, extension du périmètre outillé par UCLR, formation continue et coordination interservices, afin d'ancrer durablement des pratiques de SO adaptées aux réalités locales
La Révolution américaine: Des Treize Colonies à la naissance d'une nation (1776-1787)
No full textExposition de douze panneaux pédagogiques thématiques présentant la Révolution américaine à un public d'élèves du secondaire (niveau classe de seconde ou de première), réalisée dans le cadre du programme ANR AMERICA2026. Réalisation graphique assurée par Marie Boiscommun (CRHIA)
Empires in contact: slavery and settlement in seventeenth-century Schenectady
No full textInternational audienceOn September 8, 1684, an ordinary session was held by the court in Albany, in the province of New York: Jacob Sanders Glen, a constable in Schenectady, and an enslaver, sued one “Frenchman” Matthys Boffie for threatening to kill Pey, an enslaved woman in Glen’s household. This case helps shed light on the significance of African slavery in the Upper Hudson Valley. In the early 1660s, the town of Schenectady was settled in the Mohawk Valley, claimed as part of New Netherland and in the vicinity of (main) Haudenosaunee territory, to become an agricultural settlement relying on an enslaved workforce provided through the slave-port of New Amsterdam.The Upper Hudson Valley has long been described as a “frontier” between New Netherland (New York after 1664) and the Haudenosaunee Confederation, in a context of competition and diplomatic tensions with neighboring New France for the control of fur trade in the area. While enslaved Africans had been present in the area as early as the 1630s, the importance of slavery in shaping economy, social order and community formation in this area has long been overlooked. Their work, however, was a cornerstone in the agricultural development of Schenectady; it also placed them in direct contact with French coureurs de bois who might prey upon them and try to abduct them to New France. This presentation will question how the presence of enslaved Africans in the Upper Hudson Valley contributed to shape an interface (rather than frontier) between Empires and helped consolidate the Dutch, then English, claim to the Mohawk Valley
Context-Aware Hybrid Neuro-Symbolic Approach for Knowledge Graph Enrichment
No full textInternational audienceKnowledge graphs (KGs) are a powerful paradigm that produces structured representations of heterogeneous data for semantic data integration.Nevertheless, it remains a challenge to ensure rich and up-todate KGs. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated capabilities in understanding language, offering opportunities to automate KG construction and enrichment. In this work, we address the problem of enriching KGs with contextual information collected from multiple sources. We propose a context-aware hybrid neuro-symbolic approach. This approach combines the capabilities of language understanding of LLMs with the formal reasoning which is provided by semantic representations. Our approach supports contextual triple generation, semantic alignment of entities and relations, constraint validation, and dynamic ontology evolution. We conduct experiments on real-world KG and compare the proposed approach to state-ofthe-art methods. Moreover, it provides a transparent process by involving users in the loop and ensures a more trustworthy human-AI collaboration.</div