HAL - La Rochelle Université, Archives Ouvertes
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Le Premier ministre et la bombe
No full textInternational audienceIn the Fifth Republic, the President is recognised as the decision-maker on nuclear deterrence. However, the Prime Minister does not always stand aside. He takes the floor on doctrine and sometimes, in the event of a cohabitation, expresses a different line to demonstrate his government’s policy. This article shows that institutional practice first deprived him of his role before confirming this development in law.Dans la Ve République, le Président est reconnu comme le décideur en matière de dissuasion nucléaire. Pourtant le Premier ministre ne s’efface pas toujours. Il prend la parole sur la doctrine et parfois, en cas de cohabitation, exprime une ligne différente pour manifester la politique de son gouvernement. Le présent article démontre que la pratique des institutions l’a d’abord dépossédé de son rôle avant de confirmer juridiquement cette évolution
中国文化在西方的传播与启蒙时代 (La transmission de la culture chinoise en Occident et le Siècle des Lumières)
No full textInternational audience中国哲学家孔子启蒙思想家对儒家思想的接受启蒙运动思想家接受儒家思想的原
Le Coran Dominicain en Europe latine au XIIIe siècle
No full textThis dissertation undertakes a comprehensive exploration of Dominican knowledge of the Qur'an in the thirteenth century. Its aim is to understand how the Order engaged with the Qur'an: how it was interpreted, what uses were made of it, and how well it was known. To that end, the study focuses on three major Dominican friars and missionaries: Ramón Martí, William of Tripoli, and Riccoldo da Monte Croce. The first part of this three‑part dissertation begins with an investigation of the Dominican friars, their writings, and the earlier works that may have served as inspiration. This section is also dedicated to the tangible presence of the Qur’an in the sources, examining both the translations employed by the Dominican writers and their qur’anic quotes. The second part primarily examines the ways in which the Qur’an is used in Dominican polemical literature. It considers a broad range of topics, including criticisms of the Qur’an itself, its dogmas, and the figure of the Prophet Muhammad. The third part of the dissertation is devoted to Dominican attempts to define the nature and origins of the Qur’an. It examines and compares the different narratives found in the sources, aiming to shed to on both the general tendencies within the Order and the individual sensibilities of the authors.Ce travail propose une exploration approfondie de l’étendue des connaissances dominicaines du Coran au XIIIe siècle. Nous tentons d’y saisir la compréhension, les interprétations et les usages du livre saint de l’islam au sein de l’ordre, à travers les œuvres de trois auteurs et missionnaires majeurs : Raymond Martin, Guillaume de Tripoli et Riccoldo da Monte Croce. Cette thèse, divisée en trois parties, commence par traiter des dominicains, de leurs œuvres et de l’influence d’œuvres antérieures dont ils ont bénéficié. Cette partie s’intéresse également à la présence concrète du Coran dans les sources étudiées, examinant à la fois les traductions utilisées et les citations en elles- mêmes. La deuxième partie insiste surtout sur les usages du Coran dans les œuvres de polémique dominicaines. Les thèmes de la polémique sont étudiés dans leur diversité, qu’il s’agisse de critiquer le Coran en lui-même, ses dogmes, ou à travers la figure du prophète Muhammad. La troisième partie de la thèse est consacrée aux tentatives dominicaines de définir ce qu’est le Coran, notamment à travers ses origines. Les discours variés que dévoilent les sources sont étudiés et comparés afin de mettre en évidence les grandes tendances de l’ordre ainsi que les sensibilités individuelles des auteurs
Ecological barrier crossing strategies in small migratory birds depend on wing morphology and plumage color
No full textInternational audienceRecent tracking technologies have revealed remarkable diel flight altitude changes over the Sahara Desert in small migratory birds. However, the drivers and traits behind these strategies remain poorly understood, partly because few species and barriers have been studied. Using a dataset from 67 recovered multi-sensor loggers across 17 species, we examined how small landbirds cross two major marine barriers (the Bay of Biscay, the Mediterranean Sea) and the Sahara. We then used a comparative approach to test the influence of wing morphology, wing structure, and plumage color on flight altitude. Birds showed important differences across barriers: over the desert, they averaged 1,600 m at night and 2,800 m during prolonged daytime flights, while marine crossings occurred lower (750 m), sometimes just above water. Flight altitude increased with wing area, and species with shorter wing bones and darker plumage flew higher over the Sahara, likely to enhance heat dissipation and reduce solar heating. These findings refine hypotheses on barrier-crossing strategies and suggest broader ecological and evolutionary implications
La première rencontre France-Chine : La représentation de Confucius au Siècle des Lumières
No full textInternational audienceEn propos introductif, nous dirons que le développement des voyages multiplie les occasions de rencontrer l’Autre, et la question des images et des représentations dès lors devient importante, mais est encore fluctuante. Sur la trace de Marco Polo, lors de la Grande Découverte, plus encore que le commerce, la religion fait voyager les Européens vers le Pays de la soie. La fin du XVIIe siècle voit le départ des premiers Français vers l’Empire du Milieu
South Korean Women’s Cinephilia: Comparing the Cinematic Discourses of Parit’ŏ (1989–1991) and the South Korean Alternative Film Movement of the 1980s
No full textInternational audienceParit’ŏ is recognized as a pioneer of the South Korean cine-feminist movement. Initially a social gathering, it evolved into seminars on film theory and feminist film criticism. Members criticized South Korean cinema for marginalizing women and reinforcing male-centric narratives, even in films aimed at female audiences. Parit’ŏ also revealed a dual identity, combining feminist concerns with engagement in the Minjung movement. This becomes clear when comparing its discourse with the alternative cinema movements of the 1980s: Open Cinema for the Minjung, Small Cinema, and Minjok Cinema. Although primarily engaged with cine-feminist theories, Parit’ŏ shared broader critiques against government repression and Chungmuro’s complacency. While Minjok Cinema’s radicalization led to the decline of intellectual cinephile discourse by the late 1980s, Parit’ŏ continued to develop artistic and experimental approaches. However, as South Korean cinema gained cultural legitimacy in the 1990s, cine-feminism struggled to find a place within the new intellectual cinephilia
Successful Rescue of a Juvenile Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) Trapped Upstream of the Rance Tidal Power Station, Brittany, France
No full textInternational audienceRescue operations involving baleen whales trapped in dammed environments are difficult to perform successfully, yet increasingly relevant under growing coastal development. We report on a two-day (9–10 February 2023) rescue of a juvenile humpback whale trapped upstream of the Rance Tidal Power Station (TPS) in Brittany, France, providing rare peer-review evidence on response strategies in highly engineered estuaries. A collaborative, non-invasive strategy was implemented by adjusting water levels and creating artificial tidal currents to prevent the whale from stranding and to guide the individual back to open water. Approximately 100 people were mobilized as part of the rescue operation. This paper describes a detailed spatiotemporal account of the whale’s movements and a chronological record of the actions taken by the rescue team. After several attempts to guide it out, rescue efforts enabled its successful exit from the estuary on the second day of operations, and it was not subsequently reported stranded along the French coast. This case demonstrates the value of rapid multidisciplinary coordination between the French National Stranding Network (composed of marine scientists, veterinarians and local correspondents), local organizations, the local marine biology station, international marine mammal experts, national institutions, authorities and a tidal energy operator. Beyond documenting an unusual event, this paper provides operational lessons, highlighting (i) the adaptative management of a TPS as a guidance tool, (ii) the prioritization of animal welfare and responders’ safety, (iii) the effective public and media management and (iv) the involvement of trained volunteers during the rescue, promoting environmentally responsible behavior. These insights are transferable to other cases to inform future baleen whales rescue protocols in anthropogenic environments
Contrat d'assurance - Information de l’assuré sur les différents points de départ du délai de la prescription biennale : l’exigence de l’exhaustivité
No full textInternational audienc
Inégalités environnementales et stratégies d’adaptation des espaces littoraux : étude empirique du pertuis charentais
No full textInternational audienceThe presence of environmental inequalities (EI) is analysed empirically on the coast of Charente Maritime, France. The attractiveness of the coast has led to an increase in the price of land, limiting access to coastal amenities for the poorest parts of the population. Exposure to natural hazards is not, however, accentuated for these social groups, unlike in other contexts explored in the literature. In relation to strategies for adapting to coastal hazards after the Xynthia storm in 2010 (mainly the construction of dykes and the deconstruction of dwellings), this paper shows that, at first glance, existing EIs are reinforced: wealthy populations and municipalities are the first to be protected by dykes. Although empirical analysis remains a scientific challenge, the hypothesis that coastal adaptation methods are not neutral in terms of EI is tenable and worth exploring, because social cohesion is essential for greater resilience in the face of climate change.La présence d’inégalités environnementales (IE) est analysée empiriquement sur le littoral de Charente Maritime, France. L’attractivité littorale provoque une augmentation du prix du foncier, limitant l’accès des populations les plus modestes aux aménités littorales. L’exposition aux aléas naturels n’est pas pour autant accentuée pour ces groupes sociaux, contrairement à d’autres contextes explorés dans la littérature. En lien avec les stratégies d’adaptation aux risques littoraux après la tempête Xynthia de 2010 (principalement des constructions de digues et déconstructions d’habitations), l’article montre qu’en première approche, les IE existantes sont renforcées, les populations et communes riches étant les premières protégées par des digues. Même si l’analyse empirique demeure un défi scientifique, l’hypothèse selon laquelle les modes d’adaptation littorale ne sont pas neutres en termes d’IE est tenable et intéressante à explorer, car la cohésion sociale est essentielle pour une résilience accrue face aux changements climatiques
