Journals UITM University of Information Technology and Management
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COLOUR SYMBOLISM IN FINANCE
Get PDFColour symbolism plays an important role in everyday life and science. The subject is interdisciplinary and receives significant attention in the literature. It is increasingly entering the field ofeconomics and finance. The authors are the first to research the connotations and symbolism ofcolours in finance. The following research aims to: identify and determine the meaning of colours in connection with the word “finance”, determine the popularity of the use of particularcolours in relation to the word “finance”, and identify the most popular subject areas in the literature related to the most commonly used colour in finance. Bibliometric and textual analyseswere adopted as research methods. The main research conclusions are as follows. Of the 14 colours examined, only green, blue, brown, black and white showed connotations accurately portrayed in the text. Apart from the colour black, the symbolism is universal and unambiguous. Forblack, the symbolism is twofold, with one of the meanings going back to historical times. Thedominant colour is green. The main research areas pursued under “green finance” include investing in and financing environmentally friendly projects (including various types of technology), developing financial instruments to support environmentally friendly activities and supporting clean energy projects
ASSESSMENT OF PUBLIC EDUCATION EXPENDITURE EFFICIENCY ACROSS LITHUANIAN MUNICIPALITIES
Get PDFEfficiency of education expenditure is the ability to maximize the educational achievement giventhe resources invested. Although public education expenditure tends to increase, yet this doesnot necessarily guarantee high quality of education services. This study aims to assess publiceducation expenditure efficiency of Lithuanian municipalities and to identify the factors explaining its variations. The study used data for 2013-2019 from 60 Lithuanian municipalities. Corrected Ordinary Least Squares method was employed for public education expenditure efficiencyassessment and regression analysis was used to determine its influencing factors. Inputs included financial (public expenditure for education and maintenance) and nonfinancial (compositionof teachers, occupied area, etc.) variables. Passing ratio of Lithuanian (national) language andmath exams were used as efficiency outputs. The context variables represented environmentalfactors of educational achievements, such as number of business entities, users of social housing, libraries, and culture centres as well as municipalities’ overall financial autonomy. Results ofthe research are ambiguous. When assessed by the overall passing of the exams, the efficiencywas high, scoring 86-90%. But when evaluated by passing exams with the highest scores, it didnot even reach 40%. Two types of public expenditure were identified as the most influential factors - public expenditure for education with the negative trend, and municipality own financingwith the positive influence on the public education expenditure efficiency. Such results supportthe decentralization of public education expenditure management and call for alternative outputmeasures in the Lithuanian public education system
ENTROPY-BASED WASPAS APPROACH FOR FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE IN THE COVID-19 ERA: EVIDENCE FROM ISLAMIC COUNTRIES
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to compare financial performance of the Islamic banks in the COVID19 Era. The performance evaluation was conducted on seven Islamic countries between 2017 and 2021. Entropy Method was utilized to choose the best performance evaluation criteria affecting the Islamic banks’ performance and Waspas Method was used to determine the best performing Islamic country. The results indicate that ‘liquid assets to short-term liabilities’ is the best performance criteria for Islamic banks during the ‘whole period’, ‘no pandemic period’ and ‘pandemic period’. Additionally, while the Islamic country with the best performance was Bangladesh during ‘no pandemic period’, Turkey was the leading Islamic country for both ‘whole period’ and ‘pandemic period’
A 10-YEAR ANALYSIS OF HOUSING PRICES AND THE INFLUENCE OF ECONOMIC FACTORS IN TURKEY
Get PDFIn Turkey, the housing market is affected by various factors, and housing prices are shaped according to current conditions. In this study, the relationship between the housing price index (HPI) and economic variables (inflation and exchange rate) in Turkey was investigated. We used a 10-year time period for this study, from January-2010 to December-2019, with monthly data frequency. For our research, we employ the Wavelet Coherence Transformation (WCT) method. The results show that there is a positive relationship between inflation and housing prices in the short and long run. In addition, a continuous rise in inflation led to an increase in housing prices all over the period from 2010 to 2019. The findings of this study can aid in achieving the goal of the research by offering evidence-based perceptions of how housing prices and different economic variables are related. Housing costs in Turkey increased as a result of the substantial likelihood that the Turkish lira would weaken. The expansion of global inflation is a further anticipated factor contributing to the rise in housing costs in Turkey. This study can also be used by investors to help them decide whether to engage in the Turkish real estate industry. 
CRYPTOCURRENCY AS A METHOD OF PAYMENT IN THE TOURISM SECTOR
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to look into the capability of cryptocurrencies as a viable alternative to traditional payment methods in the travel and tourism industry. Given the increasing popularity of digital currencies, the tourism industry must consider alternative payment methods. The study's goal is to determine whether cryptocurrencies can be a safe and practical payment option for the travel and tourism industry. The benefits and drawbacks of cryptocurrency adoption in the travel and tourism industry were examined using a case study method. The study focused on customer preferences, security, and regulatory compliance. In-depth research was conducted on a select group of companies that have already implemented cryptocurrency as a payment option, as well as on interviews of business leaders. According to the study's findings, there is a high demand for the adoption of cryptocurrencies in the travel and tourism sector. Customers seeking secure and convenient payment methods may benefit from the use of cryptocurrencies. The study emphasizes the importance of addressing security concerns and regulatory compliance, as these are significant barriers to cryptocurrency adoption in the travel industry. The study provides a road map for cryptocurrency adoption in the travel industry, recommending that the industry focus on developing secure and user-friendly cryptocurrency payment methods, as well as actively collaborate with regulatory bodies to ensure compliance. This case study offers valuable insights to industry participants on how to effectively embrace and use cryptocurrencies in day-to-day business operations. Finally, this study offers a thorough examination of the potential of cryptocurrencies as a new form of payment in the travel and tourism industry. The findings of the study provide a clear understanding of the benefits and drawbacks of using cryptocurrencies, as well as valuable insights for industry participants on how to effectively adopt and use cryptocurrencies in their operations
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF INVESTING IN THE POLISH STOCK EXCHANGE MARKET ACCORDING TO INDIVIDUAL INVESTORS
Get PDFThe aim of the article is to present and analyse the attitudes of Polish society and individual investors towards challenges of environmental protection. For the purposes of the study, the following hypothesis was formulated: environmental aspects are an important factor in making investment decisions by individual investors on the Polish capital market. In the article, various research methods were applied, with particular emphasis on empirical research, both external and own. The own research was carried out on a representative sample of the Polish society, as well as on a targeted sample of individual investors who invest in the Warsaw Stock Exchange. Unfortunately, on the basis of results from conducted research, it was found that environmental aspects are not an important factor in making investment decisions by individual investors on the Polish capital market
FINANCIAL AND NON-FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP. THE POLISH PERSPECTIVE
Get PDFThe phenomenon of entrepreneurship has various perspectives – economic, financial, social, and psychological. The aim of this paper is to present entrepreneurship from a perspective merging both financial and non-financial aspects of this phenomenon. The article presents two (complementary) aspects related to the phenomenon of entrepreneurship. One of the aspects described by author is the availability of financing for businesses in Poland (showing the issue in response to the most important obstacle to running a business), the other is shaping entrepreneurial attitudes. The section on sources of financing give an answer to the question of whether (and if so - to what extent) the problem of access to financing is a real barrier to starting a business in Poland. Presenting the perspective of students gives a new view on the subject and enables us to recognize factors that determine the decision to start a business among young people, knowledge of which may contribute to a change in attitudes towards setting up a business in Poland. Among the conclusions, the author mentions, inter alia, the need to strengthen entrepreneurial attitudes among students, especially due to the growing number of companies operating in Poland for reasons of positive motivation (such as improvement of the standard of living or independence). Moreover, the conducted analyses lead to the conclusion that new companies are financed primarily from their own resources, which discourages many from starting their own business
FINANCIAL INCLUSION-EXCLUSION PARADOX: HOW BANKED ADULTS BECOME UNBANKED AGAIN
Get PDFThis paper analyses how financially included adults might become unbanked again. Agents of financial inclusion incorporate economic and social constraints in the delivery of formal financial services. These constraints limit the ability of poor banked adults to use basic financial services to the fullest. The constraints affect agents of financial inclusion positively and affect customers negatively up to a point where the marginal benefit of being financially included is negative for poor customers. When the marginal benefit of using formal financial services becomes negative, the affected banked adults may discontinue using their formal accounts or exit the formal financial sector when they can no longer bear the negative effect of social and economic constraints that hinder their ability to enjoy basic financial services to the fullest
ECONOMICAL SITUATION IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN COUNTRIES
Get PDFWhat began as a single COVID-19 case in China in late 2019 quickly spread around the globe in the first quarter of 2020. While the impact on the world's health systems is unknown, the economic toll remains also remains unknown as the world grapples with an unprecedented global recession. This paper estimates that COVID-19 will drag African economies into a fall of about 2,1% in GDP, with smaller economies facing contraction of up to 8%. The contraction is mainly a result of export adjustments affecting primary commodity exporters, and the attendant losses to tax revenue which reduce the capacity of government to extend the public services necessary to respond to the crisis
SELECTED IMPACTS OF REGULATION (EU) 2019/631 ON VALUE CREATION IN THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY
Get PDFRoad transportation is responsible for a significant part of the EU’s total CO2 emissions. Therefore, the automotive sector is subject to continuously strengthening environmental regulation. Regulation (EU) 2019/631 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17th April 2019 sets, for the period from 2020 to 2024, an EU fleet-wide target of 147 g CO2/km for the average emissions of new light commercial vehicles and an EU fleet-wide target of 95 g CO2/km for the average emissions of new passenger cars, phasing in for 95% of vehicles in 2020 with 100% compliance in 2021. If a manufacturer does not meet given CO2 standards, the excess emissions premium (penalty) is to be charged. Value creation in the automotive sector across the supply chain is necessarily undergoing a process of change. Manufacturers of passenger cars and light commercial vehicles are forced either to face a massive penalty or to invest in the development of low-emission technology and in the change of the production portfolio towards zero- and lowemission vehicles with lower profit margins and a relatively unformed customer base. The aim of this paper is to identify how the excess emissions premium affects the value creation in the automotive industry. Our methodology utilizes the income-based valuation approach. First, we conduct an analysis of the key financial value drivers of automotive companies in the period from 2016 to 2019. Subsequently, we make a prognosis of value drivers for the future period affected by the above-mentioned regulation