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The Cistercian Theology of Geoffrey of Auxerre's Expositio in Cantica Canticorum
No full textGeoffrey of Auxerre, also known as Geoffrey of Clairvaux and Gaufridus Autissiodorensis, had extensive interactions with many of the most important personages of his age. Most significantly, as a youth he studied under Peter Abelard in Paris, then became a Cistercian and eventually the main protégé and successor to Bernard of Clairvaux. Decades later, in his own old age, Geoffrey undertook the task of completing Bernard’s beloved, unfinished work, the Sermones super Cantica Canticorum. Geoffrey’s resulting masterwork, his Expositio in Cantica Canticorum, is almost completely unstudied.This dissertation unfolds in four chapters. The first presents a portrait of available scholarship about the theology of Bernard, Geoffrey, and the Cistercians generally. It notes in particular several related strains of thought in which scholars treat representatives of “monastic theology” like Bernard and Geoffrey as methodologically indifferent or opposed to contemporary representatives of “scholastic theology” like Abelard and Peter Lombard. The second chapter introduces Geoffrey’s text by studying its relation to Bernard’s relevant writings. It finds that Geoffrey is both extremely loyal to Bernard’s textual legacy and, at the same time, notably prepared to innovate on it. The third chapter turns specifically to the Expositio’s theological positions. It finds that they reflect a very high level of education, one that includes a technical knowledge of traditional philosophy and theology along with sensitivity to twelfth-century theological debates over, for example, original sin and moral agency. Geoffrey’s Mariology is astonishingly robust, even anticipating the dogmas of Mary’s Immaculate Conception and bodily Assumption. The dissertation’s fourth chapter turns to Geoffrey’s relationship with contemporary scholasticism in his later years, finding that a number of the stylistic innovations in his Expositio reflect a significant influence coming from the (recently-discovered) Parisian Biblical lectures of Peter Lombard and Stephen Langton.Geoffrey of Auxerre was thoroughly Cistercian and monastic. He was also constructively engaged, from his youth to his retirement, in the theological developments occurring in scholastic Paris. This dissertation’s discoveries about his influences and innovations suggest a need to reevaluate widespread narratives about twelfth-century theology that revolve around a supposed mutual alienation between monastery and school.TheologyMedieval historyReligious historyCistercians, early scholasticism, Geoffrey of Auxerre, Mariology, medieval exegesis, monastic theologyHistorical Systematic TheologyDegree Awarded: S.T.D. Historical Systematic Theology. The Catholic University of Americ
Systematic Review on Breast Cancer Racial Disparity: Genetics and Socioeconomic Perspective
No full textBackground. There is an ethnic divide in the morbidity and mortality rate of breast cancer while African American women have low breast cancer incidence rates, they have one of the highest mortality rates (Ricks-Santi et al., 2018). The five-year survival rate for African American women with breast cancer is 79%; in contrast, the five-year survival rate for Caucasian women is 92% (American Cancer Society, 2017). However, despite their increased risk, a study by Patel et al. (2014) found that “women with low socioeconomic status, uninsured status, and nonwhite race have experienced inequities in mammography use due to lack of awareness of the benefits of screening and limited access to care” thus, illustrating the important role that socioeconomic status has on breast cancer disparities. Additionally, African American women are more susceptible to triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) which is a more aggressive form of cancer. This form of cancer is usually due to mutations in the BRCA1 and 2 receptors. The increased incidence of TNBC cancer leads to increased incidence rates below 45 years old, increased recurrence, and increased negative outcomes.
Purpose. The purpose is to examine the disparity in breast cancer mortality and morbidity rates among African American women with an emphasis on the genetics and social-economic determinants of health.
Methods. This is an evidence-based review that examines peer-reviewed articles written within the past five years that address genetics and social determinants of health, to breast cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Result. The study found that African American women had a lower 5-year survival rate compared to white American women across all hormone receptor subtypes. This study focused on the role that genetics and socioeconomics had on the disparity. Multiple studies demonstrated a correlation between specific genetic markers and breast cancer disparity. Associations were found in the immune pathway MAP3K1 and association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in rs1801726 and breast cancer in African American women (Hong et al., 2018; Wang et al., 2017). Furthermore, associations between breast cancer disparity and socioeconomic status, insurance, and education were found.
Implications. The breast cancer disparity amongst African American women and Caucasian women is a multifaceted issue. These findings could help to develop adequate patient education programs to minimize late diagnosis and the need for cultural competence education is highlighted. Furthermore, the findings from this study show that further research is needed in the socioeconomic barriers in seeking breast cancer treatment
Lists of U.S. Military Bases Abroad, 1776-2020
No full textMaps using this data (downloadable at www.basenation.us/maps) first appeared in Base Nation: How U.S. Military Bases Abroad Harm America and the World (Metropolitan Books/Henry Holt, 2015). New maps using this data appear in The United States of War: A Global History of America’s Endless Conflicts, from Columbus to the Islamic State (University of California Press, October 2020); they will be available as of late 2020 at www.davidvine.net/unitedstatesofwar
Sharing inside threat indicators: examining the potential use of SWIFT's messaging platform to combat cyber fraud
No full textSWIFT INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER NO. 2016-003
Keynote: The Psychology of Life: Lessons Learned from the CUA Suicide Prevention Lab
No full textKeynote presentation by David A. Jobes on 2020 Catholic University Research Da
A Hearing Response to Trauma-Informed Care in the Deaf Community
No full textA presentation that was delivered in the Fifth University Research Day at the Catholic University of America in 2020
Increasing Tolerance of Uncertainty
No full textIntolerance of uncertainty is a far-reaching – yet not widely examined – construct with both clinical (e.g., PTSD) and nonclinical (e.g., political intolerance) associations. Much of the existing research has demonstrated methods that increase intolerance of uncertainty, but far fewer methods that have been able to increase its opposite, tolerance of uncertainty, which would likely have beneficial effects. The current study attempted to address this lack by implementing a brief intervention designed to increase tolerance of uncertainty. The intervention consisted of reading a short parable and subsequently reflecting on an instance in one’s life that was uncertain at the time but ultimately turned out well. The experimental condition (n = 50) was compared to an active control condition (n = 50). Results demonstrated the opposite of the primary hypothesis: the intervention significantly increased intolerance of uncertainty (vs. increased tolerance of uncertainty), and also marginally significantly increased political intolerance. Results confirmed a secondary hypothesis, that those higher in mindfulness were higher in tolerance of uncertainty. These findings suggest unexpected factors that might contribute to intolerance of uncertainty, as well as potential directions for future research. The study indicates that investigations of longer-term interventions, especially those that include training in mindfulness, might be particularly warranted.Clinical psychologyintolerance of uncertainty, tolerance of uncertainty, uncertaintyPsychologyDegree Awarded: Ph.D. Psychology. American Universit
THOMAS COLE'S THE CLOVE, CATSKILLS: A NATIVE "PAST" FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
No full textFrom the beginning of his career, Thomas Cole was known for his unique vision and appreciation of the American wilderness. His early paintings of the Catskill Mountains in upstate New York gained critical praise for their embrace of the wild elements of nature and rejection of the industrialization that came to define the region in the early 19th century. The Clove, Catskills exhibits these characteristics. In this work, Cole depicted the Kaaterskill Clove – a popular gorge and tourist destination – as a remote and wild site, absent of any markers of tourism or the tanning factories that were rampantly spreading through the mountains at the time. Because Cole depicts the Clove as uncultivated and wild, scholars have read this work as emblematic of his anti-industrial sentiments. The discovery of the pentimento of a Native American figure in the composition – made visible after a cleaning in 1964 – has served to reinforce this narrative; for example, scholars have interpreted this figure as a ghostly reminder of the region before industrialization and white settlement. This thesis, by contrast, interprets this work in light of Cole’s interest in Native American history. By drawing on the artist’s own letters and the native history of the region, I argue that the painting represents Kaaterskill Clove as a self-sufficient ecosystem, as the Mohican and Esopus would have seen it. In his attempt to envision a sustainable future for the region, Cole inadvertently adopted, even appropriated, a Native American perspective on nature. The painting thus offers a vision of the future for the Catskill region—one where resources are sourced in a sustainable manner, in line with Native American philosophy.Art history19th century, Catskill Mountains, Enviromentalism, Landscape, Native Americans, Thomas ColeArtDegree Awarded: M.A. Art. American Universit
"You’re My Rock" Mothers’ and Daughters’ Divergent Perceptions of Impact of Familial Loss
No full textA presentation that was delivered in the Fifth University Research Day at the Catholic University of America in 2020.This research was collaborated with Heather Rogers Haverback, Towson Universit
Keratin – an Achilles heel of cancer
No full textA presentation that was delivered in the Fifth University Research Day at the Catholic University of America in 2020