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On multi-sector and multi-technique models, production functions and Goodwin cycles: a reply to Libman
No full textEuropean Journal of Economics and Economic Policies: Intervention, Volume 17, Issue 3, 2020, Pages 295-306.Emiliano Libman’s constructive comments on our recent book, Heterodox Macroeconomics: Models of Demand, Distribution and Growth (HM), raise three main points of contention: the suitability of single-sector/single-technique (as opposed to multi-sector/multi-technique) models; the appropriate choice of production function; and the distinction between limit cycles and closed orbits as representations of Goodwinian dynamics. In this reply, we respond to Libman’s critique in a manner that is designed to develop his arguments into a useful addendum to our book. In so doing, we hope that this exchange will engage interested students and other readers in issues and avenues of inquiry that lie beyond some of the first-pass simplifications in HM
Maintaining Social and Cultural Value in a Greener Washington, D.C.: Addressing Environmental Gentrification in the City
No full textRecently, Washington, D.C. was the first in the world to receive the LEED for Cities Certification, making it a global example for sustainable planning. However, Washington, D.C. has also experienced one of the most intense rates of gentrification in the entire nation, signifying a prioritization of environmental and economic over social and cultural sustainabilities. This case study, containing both quantitative and qualitative components, analyzes the effects that green initiatives have on the cultural and social sustainability of three Washington, D.C. business corridors: Kennedy Street, H Street and Anacostia, supplying an in-depth look at ways in which social, cultural and economic demographics have shifted relative to the establishment of local ecological improvements. The data revealed that green initiatives have had adverse impacts on local culture in Washington, D.C., greatly contributing to its repackaging and erasure. To combat this trend and create a sense of balance between the four pillars of sustainability, ideological shifts must occur that are solidified through planning and policy.SustainabilityUrban planningEnvironmental justicearchitecture, cultural sustainability, environmental gentrification, gentrification, sustainability, urban planningArchitectureDegree Awarded: M.S.S.D. Architecture. The Catholic University of Americ
Will the tide lift all boats?: examining the equity effects of performance funding policies in U.S. higher education
No full textResearch in Higher Education, Volume 61, Issue 1, 1 February 2020.This study considers whether performance funding policies systematically tend to harm some types of institutions of higher education while helping others. Building on theories of deck stacking and institutional stratification, a formal theoretical model of the effects of performance funding policies on individual institutions is developed and discussed. We find two types of likely policy effects—one which serves to improve overall institutional performance and another which exacerbates unevenness among institutions in terms of quality. We then conduct an initial empirical test of our theory, analyzing a cross-sectional time-series dataset of colleges and universities in the U.S. Our findings are somewhat mixed. The adoption of performance funding policies appears to have the ability to boost overall average levels of degree production in some instances. However, performance funding 2.0 policies are also associated with larger variance in degree production rates. We find some evidence that 2.0 policies also have heterogeneous effects on graduation and retention rates, whereby the benefits of these policies disproportionately accrue to institutions already positioned to perform well
The effect of cosmic rays on cometary nuclei. I. dose deposition
No full textAstrophysical Journal, Volume 890, Issue 1, 10 February 2020, Article number 89.Comets are small bodies thought to contain the most pristine material in the solar system. However, since their formation ≈4.5 Gy ago, they have been altered by different processes. While not exposed to much electromagnetic radiation, they experience intense particle radiation. Galactic cosmic rays and solar energetic particles have a broad spectrum of energies and interact with the cometary surface and subsurface; they are the main source of space weathering for a comet in the Kuiper Belt or in the Oort Cloud, and also affect the ice prior to the comet agglomeration. While low-energy particles interact only with the cometary surface, the most energetic ones deposit a significant amount of energy down to tens of meters. This interaction can modify the isotopic ratios in cometary ices and create secondary compounds through radiolysis, such as O2 and H2O2 (Paper II). In this paper, we model the energy deposition of energetic particles as a function of depth using a Geant4 application modified to account for the isotope creation process. We quantify the energy deposited in cometary nucleus by galactic cosmic rays and solar energetic particles. The consequences of the energy deposition on the isotopic and chemical composition of cometary ices and their implication on the interpretation of cometary observations, notably of 67P/Churyumov Gerasimenko by the ESA Rosetta spacecraft, will be discussed in Paper II
Strong variability of Martian water ice clouds during dust storms revealed from ExoMars trace gas orbiter/NOMAD
No full textAuthor manuscript. Published in: Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, Volume 125, Issue 4, 1 April 2020, Article number e2019JE006250.Observations of water ice clouds and aerosols on Mars can provide important insights into the complexity of the water cycle. Recent observations have indicated an important link between dust activity and the water cycle, as intense dust activity can significantly raise the hygropause, and subsequently increase the escape of water after dissociation in the upper atmosphere. Here present observations from Nadir and Occultation for MArs Discovery/Trace Gas Orbiter that investigate the variation of water ice clouds in the perihelion season of Mars year 34 (April 2018–2019), their diurnal and seasonal behavior, and the vertical structure and microphysical properties of water ice and dust. These observations reveal the recurrent presence of a layer of mesospheric water ice clouds subsequent to the 2018 global dust storm. We show that this layer rose from 45 to 80 km in altitude on a time scale of days from heating in the lower atmosphere due to the storm. In addition, we demonstrate that there is a strong dawn-dusk asymmetry in water ice abundance, related to nighttime nucleation and subsequent daytime sublimation. Water ice particle sizes are retrieved consistently and exhibit sharp vertical gradients (from 0.1 to 4.0 μm), as well as mesospheric differences between the global dust storm (<0.5 μm) and the 2019 regional dust storm (1.0 μm), which suggests differing water ice nucleation efficiencies. These results form the basis to advance our understanding of mesospheric water ice clouds on Mars, and further constrain the interactions between water ice and dust in the middle atmosphere
Inclusive Sustainability - Preserving Public Housing and Improving Resident Well Being: Design Guidelines & Standards for Existing Residential Buildings
No full textIn their Life Cycle Assessment Study of Embodied Effects for Existing Historic Buildings (July, 2009), The Athena Sustainable Materials Institute states, “There is a tremendous impact to the environment when we construct something new, so avoiding new construction may be the most eco-conscious approach to our environment”. This quote sets the tone for this piece of work and the research presented, while making a very important point regarding preservation. The most eco-conscious and environmentally friendly approach to development and design that those in the fields of architecture, planning and other related fields can take is not erecting new buildings and labeling them green, but by avoiding demolition and new construction as often as possible, while using existing infrastructure and materials. It is imperative and crucial that sustainable design, in order to be truly sustainable, is inclusive not only of existing buildings but of existing peoples and cultures.ArchitectureUrban planningArchitectureDegree Awarded: M.S.S.D. Architecture. The Catholic University of Americ
Comedy as creative dissent in Latin America: lessons from cross-sector creative collaborations in Brazil, Colombia, & Mexico
No full textThrough this unique creative and strategic process, during which comedy writers and performers in three Latin American countries – Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico – were provided with strategic facilitation and limited financial resources to develop original comedy designed to highlight
injustice and engage publics in their respective countries, three comedy projects were brought to fruition
Consider Health Sciences Librarianship!
No full textHave you considered a career in health sciences librarianship?
2020 saw a dramatic rise in interest in publications associated with the health sciences, medical research, and consumer health information. With this growth came an increased awareness of the roles of information professionals. Health sciences librarians support medical professionals in providing care, researchers in advancing knowledge, faculty and students in furthering their education, and consumers in meeting their personal information needs.
This poster aims to provide the insider perspective on the skills needed to succeed as a health sciences librarian - and they might not be what you expect! The authors also describe the unique benefits and opportunities of health sciences librarianship, from the hospital librarian to the community outreach librarian to the academic reference and instruction librarian.
The poster concludes with next steps to explore the profession and to refine the skills needed to succeed as a health sciences librarian
Structural racial inequities in socioeconomic status, urban-rural classification, and infant mortality in US counties
No full textEthnicity and Disease, Volume 30, Issue 3, September 2020, Pages 389-398.Objectives: Despite improvements in infant mortality rates (IMR) in the United States, racial gaps in IMR remain and may be driven by both structural racism and place. This study assesses the relationship between structural racism and race-specific IMR and the role of urban-rural classification on race-specific IMR and Black/White racial gaps in IMR. Methods: We conducted an analysis of variance tests using 2019 County Health Rankings Data to determine differences in structural racism indicators, IMR and other co-variates by urban-rural classification. We used linear regressions to determine the associations between measures of structural racism and county-level health outcomes. Results: Study results suggest that racial inequities in education, work, and homeownership negatively impact Black IMR, especially in large fringe, medium, and small metro counties, and positively impact White IMR. Structural racism is also associated with Black-White gaps in IMR. Conclusions: Factors related to structural racism may not be homogenous or have the same impacts on overall IMR, race-specific IMR, and racial differences in IMR across places. Understanding these differential impacts can help public health professionals and policymakers improve Black infant health and eliminate racial inequities in IMR
