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Analysis of the epidemiological and epizootic situation of alveolar echinococcosis in the world
Get PDFThis review article presents literature data on the distribution of alveolar echinococcosis cases across the world over the past 30 years (1993-2023), statistical data from the WOAH for the past 5 years (2020-2024), and the research results reported by domestic scientists. Alveolar echinococcosis, also known as multilocular echinococcosis, is one of the most dangerous zoonotic parasitic infections. The causative agent, the cestode Echinococcus multilocularis, infects carnivorous animals, small rodents, and humans. Humans, as accidental intermediate hosts, are at high risk for severe complications, including liver and other organ damage. This infection has been recorded in Canada, the USA, Germany, France, Switzerland, Austria, Belgium, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Sweden, Denmark, the UK, China, India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Iran, Iraq, Mongolia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Russia, Belarus, the Kyrgyz Republic, and the Republic of Kazakhstan. The World Health Organization classifies this infection as one of the 17 neglected diseases requiring control and elimination by 2050.This review article presents literature data on the distribution of alveolar echinococcosis cases across the world over the past 30 years (1993-2023), statistical data from the WOAH for the past 5 years (2020-2024), and the research results reported by domestic scientists. Alveolar echinococcosis, also known as multilocular echinococcosis, is one of the most dangerous zoonotic parasitic infections. The causative agent, the cestode Echinococcus multilocularis, infects carnivorous animals, small rodents, and humans. Humans, as accidental intermediate hosts, are at high risk for severe complications, including liver and other organ damage. This infection has been recorded in Canada, the USA, Germany, France, Switzerland, Austria, Belgium, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Sweden, Denmark, the UK, China, India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Iran, Iraq, Mongolia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Russia, Belarus, the Kyrgyz Republic, and the Republic of Kazakhstan. The World Health Organization classifies this infection as one of the 17 neglected diseases requiring control and elimination by 2050.This review article presents literature data on the distribution of alveolar echinococcosis cases across the world over the past 30 years (1993-2023), statistical data from the WOAH for the past 5 years (2020-2024), and the research results reported by domestic scientists. Alveolar echinococcosis, also known as multilocular echinococcosis, is one of the most dangerous zoonotic parasitic infections. The causative agent, the cestode Echinococcus multilocularis, infects carnivorous animals, small rodents, and humans. Humans, as accidental intermediate hosts, are at high risk for severe complications, including liver and other organ damage. This infection has been recorded in Canada, the USA, Germany, France, Switzerland, Austria, Belgium, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Sweden, Denmark, the UK, China, India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Iran, Iraq, Mongolia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Russia, Belarus, the Kyrgyz Republic, and the Republic of Kazakhstan. The World Health Organization classifies this infection as one of the 17 neglected diseases requiring control and elimination by 2050
Intestinal Helminth Infections in Small Ruminants: Prevalence in Northern Kazakhstan and a New Treatment Scheme
Get PDFBackground and Aim. Gastrointestinal helminth infections significantly reduce ruminant productivity. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and assess the efficacy of a new treatment regimen against sheep intestinal cestodes and nematodes in Northern Kazakhstan.
Materials and Methods. In 2024, to identify the species and infestation level of parasites, the digestive tracts of 29 sheep, aged 5-9 months, were examined by helminthological dissection, and 200 faecal samples were analysed using the Fülleborn and McMaster methods at two farms in the Tayinsha District. To test the treatment scheme, two groups (control and experimental) were formed, each containing 15 sheep. All animals had mixed infection with strongyles and Moniezia spp. Initially, each sheep was treated with Alvet (Nita-Farm, Russia) at the recommended dosage. Additionally, each sheep in the experimental group received 3 g of the phytobiotic Sangrovit Extra (Phytobiotics Futterzusatzstoffe, Germany) daily for 8 weeks. The treatment efficacy was measured on days 30, 60, 90, and 120 after deworming to assess the prevalence and infestation intensity of helminths.
Results. Parasitological research showed that 93.1% of sheep were infected with Trichostrongylidae spp., Moniezia expansa, Trichuris ovis and Skrjabinema ovis. Mixed infestations of 2 to 4 species were found in 68.8% of the sheep. The infection rates of Moniezia spp. and strongyles were 13.3% and 26.7%, respectively, 4 months after deworming in the experimental group. In comparison, these rates were 3.5 and 2.5 times lower, respectively, than in the control group.
Conclusion. Using Sangrovit Extra effectively inhibited small ruminant intestinal helminth infestation.Background and Aim. Gastrointestinal helminth infections significantly reduce ruminant productivity. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and assess the efficacy of a new treatment regimen against sheep intestinal cestodes and nematodes in Northern Kazakhstan.
Materials and Methods. In 2024, to identify the species and infestation level of parasites, the digestive tracts of 29 sheep, aged 5-9 months, were examined by helminthological dissection, and 200 faecal samples were analysed using the Fülleborn and McMaster methods at two farms in the Tayinsha District. To test the treatment scheme, two groups (control and experimental) were formed, each containing 15 sheep. All animals had mixed infection with strongyles and Moniezia spp. Initially, each sheep was treated with Alvet (Nita-Farm, Russia) at the recommended dosage. Additionally, each sheep in the experimental group received 3 g of the phytobiotic Sangrovit Extra (Phytobiotics Futterzusatzstoffe, Germany) daily for 8 weeks. The treatment efficacy was measured on days 30, 60, 90, and 120 after deworming to assess the prevalence and infestation intensity of helminths.
Results. Parasitological research showed that 93.1% of sheep were infected with Trichostrongylidae spp., Moniezia expansa, Trichuris ovis and Skrjabinema ovis. Mixed infestations of 2 to 4 species were found in 68.8% of the sheep. The infection rates of Moniezia spp. and strongyles were 13.3% and 26.7%, respectively, 4 months after deworming in the experimental group. In comparison, these rates were 3.5 and 2.5 times lower, respectively, than in the control group.
Conclusion. Using Sangrovit Extra effectively inhibited small ruminant intestinal helminth infestation.Background and Aim. Gastrointestinal helminth infections significantly reduce ruminant productivity. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and assess the efficacy of a new treatment regimen against sheep intestinal cestodes and nematodes in Northern Kazakhstan.
Materials and Methods. In 2024, to identify the species and infestation level of parasites, the digestive tracts of 29 sheep, aged 5-9 months, were examined by helminthological dissection, and 200 faecal samples were analysed using the Fülleborn and McMaster methods at two farms in the Tayinsha District. To test the treatment scheme, two groups (control and experimental) were formed, each containing 15 sheep. All animals had mixed infection with strongyles and Moniezia spp. Initially, each sheep was treated with Alvet (Nita-Farm, Russia) at the recommended dosage. Additionally, each sheep in the experimental group received 3 g of the phytobiotic Sangrovit Extra (Phytobiotics Futterzusatzstoffe, Germany) daily for 8 weeks. The treatment efficacy was measured on days 30, 60, 90, and 120 after deworming to assess the prevalence and infestation intensity of helminths.
Results. Parasitological research showed that 93.1% of sheep were infected with Trichostrongylidae spp., Moniezia expansa, Trichuris ovis and Skrjabinema ovis. Mixed infestations of 2 to 4 species were found in 68.8% of the sheep. The infection rates of Moniezia spp. and strongyles were 13.3% and 26.7%, respectively, 4 months after deworming in the experimental group. In comparison, these rates were 3.5 and 2.5 times lower, respectively, than in the control group.
Conclusion. Using Sangrovit Extra effectively inhibited small ruminant intestinal helminth infestation
Estimation of the prevalence of feline leukaemia virus in Astana, Kazakhstan
Get PDFBackground and Aim. Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is one of the most important retroviral pathogens in domestic cats, causing immunosuppression, anemia, lymphoma, and leukemia. FeLV exists in two forms: exogenous (exFeLV), which is infectious and horizontally transmitted, and endogenous (enFeLV), which is inherited as integrated proviral sequences. Differentiating between these forms is essential for accurate epidemiological assessment and diagnostics, since enFeLV sequences can interfere with molecular assays and lead to false-positive results. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of endogenous FeLV sequences in domestic cats in Astana and to determine whether exogenous FeLV was actively circulating in this population.
Materials and Methods. A total of 203 whole-blood samples from domestic cats were collected during routine veterinary examinations, and genomic DNA was extracted using a modified Kanai method. Two independent real-time PCR systems were employed: primers targeting the conserved env region to detect enFeLV, and primers specific to the U3 region of the long terminal repeat (LTR) to identify exFeLV. Amplifications were performed on the CFX96 Touch platform, and samples with quantification cycle (Cq) values <40 were interpreted as positive.
Results. Of the 203 analyzed samples, 197 (97%) were positive for enFeLV sequences, confirming the widespread presence of endogenous retroviral elements in the genome of cats, while no amplification was detected with U3-specific primers, indicating the absence of active exFeLV infection. The Cq values for enFeLV-positive samples ranged from 11.24 to 37.04, reflecting variability in proviral copy number among individuals. These findings demonstrate that enFeLV is nearly ubiquitous among domestic cats in Astana, while no evidence of exFeLV circulation was detected.
Conclusion. The results underscore the importance of using U3-LTR specific assays to reliably differentiate endogenous from exogenous forms of FeLV and to avoid false-positive diagnoses. Further studies should focus on monitoring potential recombination events between enFeLV and exFeLV, evaluating the expression of endogenous loci, and assessing their role in disease pathogenesis.Background and Aim. Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is one of the most important retroviral pathogens in domestic cats, causing immunosuppression, anemia, lymphoma, and leukemia. FeLV exists in two forms: exogenous (exFeLV), which is infectious and horizontally transmitted, and endogenous (enFeLV), which is inherited as integrated proviral sequences. Differentiating between these forms is essential for accurate epidemiological assessment and diagnostics, since enFeLV sequences can interfere with molecular assays and lead to false-positive results. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of endogenous FeLV sequences in domestic cats in Astana and to determine whether exogenous FeLV was actively circulating in this population.
Materials and Methods. A total of 203 whole-blood samples from domestic cats were collected during routine veterinary examinations, and genomic DNA was extracted using a modified Kanai method. Two independent real-time PCR systems were employed: primers targeting the conserved env region to detect enFeLV, and primers specific to the U3 region of the long terminal repeat (LTR) to identify exFeLV. Amplifications were performed on the CFX96 Touch platform, and samples with quantification cycle (Cq) values <40 were interpreted as positive.
Results. Of the 203 analyzed samples, 197 (97%) were positive for enFeLV sequences, confirming the widespread presence of endogenous retroviral elements in the genome of cats, while no amplification was detected with U3-specific primers, indicating the absence of active exFeLV infection. The Cq values for enFeLV-positive samples ranged from 11.24 to 37.04, reflecting variability in proviral copy number among individuals. These findings demonstrate that enFeLV is nearly ubiquitous among domestic cats in Astana, while no evidence of exFeLV circulation was detected.
Conclusion. The results underscore the importance of using U3-LTR specific assays to reliably differentiate endogenous from exogenous forms of FeLV and to avoid false-positive diagnoses. Further studies should focus on monitoring potential recombination events between enFeLV and exFeLV, evaluating the expression of endogenous loci, and assessing their role in disease pathogenesis.Background and Aim. Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is one of the most important retroviral pathogens in domestic cats, causing immunosuppression, anemia, lymphoma, and leukemia. FeLV exists in two forms: exogenous (exFeLV), which is infectious and horizontally transmitted, and endogenous (enFeLV), which is inherited as integrated proviral sequences. Differentiating between these forms is essential for accurate epidemiological assessment and diagnostics, since enFeLV sequences can interfere with molecular assays and lead to false-positive results. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of endogenous FeLV sequences in domestic cats in Astana and to determine whether exogenous FeLV was actively circulating in this population.
Materials and Methods. A total of 203 whole-blood samples from domestic cats were collected during routine veterinary examinations, and genomic DNA was extracted using a modified Kanai method. Two independent real-time PCR systems were employed: primers targeting the conserved env region to detect enFeLV, and primers specific to the U3 region of the long terminal repeat (LTR) to identify exFeLV. Amplifications were performed on the CFX96 Touch platform, and samples with quantification cycle (Cq) values <40 were interpreted as positive.
Results. Of the 203 analyzed samples, 197 (97%) were positive for enFeLV sequences, confirming the widespread presence of endogenous retroviral elements in the genome of cats, while no amplification was detected with U3-specific primers, indicating the absence of active exFeLV infection. The Cq values for enFeLV-positive samples ranged from 11.24 to 37.04, reflecting variability in proviral copy number among individuals. These findings demonstrate that enFeLV is nearly ubiquitous among domestic cats in Astana, while no evidence of exFeLV circulation was detected.
Conclusion. The results underscore the importance of using U3-LTR specific assays to reliably differentiate endogenous from exogenous forms of FeLV and to avoid false-positive diagnoses. Further studies should focus on monitoring potential recombination events between enFeLV and exFeLV, evaluating the expression of endogenous loci, and assessing their role in disease pathogenesis
Diagnostic Approaches and Comparative Effectiveness of Modern Methods for Treating Atopic Dermatitis in Dogs
Get PDFBackground and Aim. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common allergic skin disorder in dogs and is often difficult to diagnose due to overlapping clinical signs with other dermatological conditions. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, clinical and epidemiological features, diagnostic approaches, and comparative effectiveness of modern anti pruritic therapies in a clinical setting.
Materials and Methods. The study was conducted between 2022 and 2024 at the “VetAlliance” veterinary clinic in Kostanay, Kazakhstan. Out of 482 dogs presenting with dermatological complaints, 53 dogs with chronic pruritus (>6 weeks), meeting ≥5 Favrot criteria, and free from parasitic, infectious, or endocrine diseases were included. Diagnostic evaluation included history-taking via standardized questionnaires, clinical examination, CADLI and PVAS scoring, Favrot criteria assessment, cytology, and serological testing for allergen-specific IgE in 18 dogs. Dogs were allocated to three therapeutic groups: monoclonal antibodies (Lokivetmab/Cytopoint), JAK inhibitor (Oclacitinib/Apoquel), and prednisolone. Clinical signs were assessed on days 0, 14, 28, and 56. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, χ2 tests, ANOVA or Kruskal Wallis tests, and odds ratios, with significance set at p < 0.05.
Results. AD was confirmed in 53 of 482 dogs (~11%), predominantly in females (58.5%) aged 3-4 years. French Bulldogs and West Highland White Terriers were the most frequently affected purebred dogs. Secondary infections with Staphylococcus spp. and Malassezia spp. were detected in 43.4% and 15.1% of cases respectively. All three treatments significantly reduced pruritus and skin lesions. Lokivetmab and prednisolone provided more rapid initial improvement, while comparable clinical efficacy among all treatments was observed by day 30.
Conclusion. Canine AD is a multifactorial allergic disease requiring a comprehensive diagnostic approach, including history, clinical evaluation, PVAS/CADLI scoring, Favrot criteria assessment, and cytological analysis. Treatment should be individualized according to disease severity and patient characteristics, utilizing modern anti–pruritic agents–monoclonal antibodies, JAK inhibitors, or prednisolone–combined with regular monitoring, risk factor management, and owner education to ensure long-term disease control.Background and Aim. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common allergic skin disorder in dogs and is often difficult to diagnose due to overlapping clinical signs with other dermatological conditions. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, clinical and epidemiological features, diagnostic approaches, and comparative effectiveness of modern anti pruritic therapies in a clinical setting.
Materials and Methods. The study was conducted between 2022 and 2024 at the “VetAlliance” veterinary clinic in Kostanay, Kazakhstan. Out of 482 dogs presenting with dermatological complaints, 53 dogs with chronic pruritus (>6 weeks), meeting ≥5 Favrot criteria, and free from parasitic, infectious, or endocrine diseases were included. Diagnostic evaluation included history-taking via standardized questionnaires, clinical examination, CADLI and PVAS scoring, Favrot criteria assessment, cytology, and serological testing for allergen-specific IgE in 18 dogs. Dogs were allocated to three therapeutic groups: monoclonal antibodies (Lokivetmab/Cytopoint), JAK inhibitor (Oclacitinib/Apoquel), and prednisolone. Clinical signs were assessed on days 0, 14, 28, and 56. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, χ2 tests, ANOVA or Kruskal Wallis tests, and odds ratios, with significance set at p < 0.05.
Results. AD was confirmed in 53 of 482 dogs (~11%), predominantly in females (58.5%) aged 3-4 years. French Bulldogs and West Highland White Terriers were the most frequently affected purebred dogs. Secondary infections with Staphylococcus spp. and Malassezia spp. were detected in 43.4% and 15.1% of cases respectively. All three treatments significantly reduced pruritus and skin lesions. Lokivetmab and prednisolone provided more rapid initial improvement, while comparable clinical efficacy among all treatments was observed by day 30.
Conclusion. Canine AD is a multifactorial allergic disease requiring a comprehensive diagnostic approach, including history, clinical evaluation, PVAS/CADLI scoring, Favrot criteria assessment, and cytological analysis. Treatment should be individualized according to disease severity and patient characteristics, utilizing modern anti–pruritic agents–monoclonal antibodies, JAK inhibitors, or prednisolone–combined with regular monitoring, risk factor management, and owner education to ensure long-term disease control.Background and Aim. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common allergic skin disorder in dogs and is often difficult to diagnose due to overlapping clinical signs with other dermatological conditions. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, clinical and epidemiological features, diagnostic approaches, and comparative effectiveness of modern anti pruritic therapies in a clinical setting.
Materials and Methods. The study was conducted between 2022 and 2024 at the “VetAlliance” veterinary clinic in Kostanay, Kazakhstan. Out of 482 dogs presenting with dermatological complaints, 53 dogs with chronic pruritus (>6 weeks), meeting ≥5 Favrot criteria, and free from parasitic, infectious, or endocrine diseases were included. Diagnostic evaluation included history-taking via standardized questionnaires, clinical examination, CADLI and PVAS scoring, Favrot criteria assessment, cytology, and serological testing for allergen-specific IgE in 18 dogs. Dogs were allocated to three therapeutic groups: monoclonal antibodies (Lokivetmab/Cytopoint), JAK inhibitor (Oclacitinib/Apoquel), and prednisolone. Clinical signs were assessed on days 0, 14, 28, and 56. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, χ2 tests, ANOVA or Kruskal Wallis tests, and odds ratios, with significance set at p < 0.05.
Results. AD was confirmed in 53 of 482 dogs (~11%), predominantly in females (58.5%) aged 3-4 years. French Bulldogs and West Highland White Terriers were the most frequently affected purebred dogs. Secondary infections with Staphylococcus spp. and Malassezia spp. were detected in 43.4% and 15.1% of cases respectively. All three treatments significantly reduced pruritus and skin lesions. Lokivetmab and prednisolone provided more rapid initial improvement, while comparable clinical efficacy among all treatments was observed by day 30.
Conclusion. Canine AD is a multifactorial allergic disease requiring a comprehensive diagnostic approach, including history, clinical evaluation, PVAS/CADLI scoring, Favrot criteria assessment, and cytological analysis. Treatment should be individualized according to disease severity and patient characteristics, utilizing modern anti–pruritic agents–monoclonal antibodies, JAK inhibitors, or prednisolone–combined with regular monitoring, risk factor management, and owner education to ensure long-term disease control
Суалған буаз сиырлардың азықтандыру рационына минералды-дәрумендік қосынды қосудың әсері
Get PDFBackground and Aim. To ensure the successful progression of pregnancy inproductively inseminated cows, support intensive fetal development, and obtain a full-fledged, viable calf, the nutritional value of the feeding diet of pregnant cowsmust be enhanced. In our experiments, for this purpose,we tested the enrichment of the diets of pregnant cows during the dry period with a zeolite-chlorella premix, consisting of 28-30% aluminosillicate zeolites, 1.5 2% Chlorella vulgaris powder, and 68-70% sunflower cake.
Materials and Methods. Pregnant Simmental cows were selected for the research using a scientific and economic experimental design based on the paired-analogue method. To increase the mineral and vitamin nutritional value of the feeding rations of pregnant cows during the dry period, a zeolitechlorella premix was added to the feeding ration of cows in the experimental groups. The research results obtained during the experiment were statistically processed using biometric methods.
Results. The enrichment of the feeding ration of pregnant cows in the experimental group during the dry period enhanced the mineral and vitamin nutritional value of the diet and positively effected pregnancy progression and fetal development. Compared to cows in the control group, the gestation period in the experimental group was reduced by 4.0± 0.6 days, and live weight gain increased by 12.3± 0.6 kg. This accelerated fetal development , increasing the live birth weight of calves to 42.0± 1.7 kg, which accounted for 7.45% of the mothers\u27 live weight of,whereas in the control group, calves’ live weight was 38.9± 1.8 kg , making up 6.89% of the mothers’ live weight. Futhermore, cows in the experimental group gained 11.7% of their live weight during the dry period compared to 9.3% in the control group. Their body condition score increased from an average of 3.18 to 3.30 points, which contributed to improved fetal development and replenished the body\u27s nutrient reserves.
Conclusion. Maintaining the optimal body condition of pregnant cows during the dry period allows for intensive fetal development and replenishing the body\u27s nutrient reserves, which enhances milk production during the subsequent lactation. The inclusion zeolite-chlorella premix (ZCP) in the diet led to an increased live weight gain during the dry period, with calves’ live weight accounting for 10 12% of the mothers’ live weight, compared to the standard 7-9%.Алғышарттар мен мақсат. Нәтижелі ұрықтанған сиыр буаздығы дұрыс өтіп, эмбрион қарқынды дамып, туғандағы тірілей салмағы жетілген және өміршең бұзауларды алу үшін буаз сиырлардың азық рационын жақсарту қажет. Біздің тәжірибемізде бұл мақсатқа жету үшін буаз сиырлардың азықтану рационын құру кезеңінде алюмосиликатты цеолиттерді салмағының 28 30% мөлшерінде қосып, 1,5-2,0% жасыл хлорелла вулгаристің (Chlorella vulgaris) кептірілген ұнтағынан, 68 70% күнбағыстан дайындалған күнжарадан тұратын цеолитті-хлореллалы премикс қосудың әсері зерттелді.
Материалдар мен әдістер. Ғылыми-шаруашылық тәжірибе зерттеулеріне симментал тұқымының аналогты жұптар әдісімен іріктелген буаз сиырлары алынды. Буаз сиырлар азықтандыру рациондарының минералдық дәрумендік қоректілігін буаздықтың цеолитті-хлореллалы премикс қосындысы әр кезеңдегі қоректік қажеттіліктеріне сәйкес енгізілді. Эксперимент барысында алынған мәліметтер биометриялық статистика әдістері арқылы талданды.
Нәтижелер. Цеолитті-хлорелла қоспасын тәжірибе топтарындағы буаз сиырлардың азық рационына енгізу, олардың рационындағы минералдар мен дәрумендердің мөлшерін арттырып, буаздықтың барысына және ұрықтың дамуына оң әсер етті. Аналогты бақылау тобындағы сиырлардың көрсеткіштерімен салыстырғанда тәжірибе тобындағы сиырлардың суалтылған күнінен бұзаулағанға дейінгі мерзімі – 4,0±0,6 тәулікке қысқарып, олардың өз тірілей салмақтарын қосуы - 12,3±0,6 кг артты. Сиырлардың салмағының артуы эмбрион дамуына оң әсерін тигізіп, биоүйлесімділігін арттыруынан, туылғандағы бұзаулардың тірі салмағы 42,0±1,7 кг және енелерінің тірі салмағы 7,45% жетсе, бақылау тобындағы бұзаулардың тірі салмағы - 38,9±1,8 кг болып, енелерінің тірі салмағы 6,89% құрады. Зерттелген суалтылған кезеңнің басында тірі салмағы бірдей болған тәжірибе тобындағы сиырлардың кезең соңында салмақ қосуы бақылау тобымен салыстырғанда 9,3%-дан 11,7%-ға дейін жоғарылап, қоңдылығы орта есеппен 3,18 балдан 3,30 балға дейін артты. Бұл жатырдағы ұрықтың жақсы дамуымен қатар сиыр денесінің қоректік заттарының қорын толықтырып, келесі сауымға дайындалуын жақсартты.
Қорытынды. Тәжірибеде қолданылған қоспа буаз сиырлардың азық рационындағы минералдар мен дәрумендердің деңгейін арттырып, олардың буаздық кезінде қоңдылығын сақтап, ұрықтың қарқынды дамуына және келесі сауымға қоректік қорды толықтыруына ықпал етті. Нәтижесінде, тәжірибе тобындағы буаз сиырлардың суалу кезеңіндегі тірілей салмағы 10-12%-ға өсіп, жаңа туған бұзаулардың тірілей салмағы аналықтарының салмағының 7-9%-ын құрап, стандартты деңгейде болды.Алғышарттар мен мақсат. Нәтижелі ұрықтанған сиыр буаздығы дұрыс өтіп, эмбрион қарқынды дамып, туғандағы тірілей салмағы жетілген және өміршең бұзауларды алу үшін буаз сиырлардың азық рационын жақсарту қажет. Біздің тәжірибемізде бұл мақсатқа жету үшін буаз сиырлардың азықтану рационын құру кезеңінде алюмосиликатты цеолиттерді салмағының 28 30% мөлшерінде қосып, 1,5-2,0% жасыл хлорелла вулгаристің (Chlorella vulgaris) кептірілген ұнтағынан, 68 70% күнбағыстан дайындалған күнжарадан тұратын цеолитті-хлореллалы премикс қосудың әсері зерттелді.
Материалдар мен әдістер. Ғылыми-шаруашылық тәжірибе зерттеулеріне симментал тұқымының аналогты жұптар әдісімен іріктелген буаз сиырлары алынды. Буаз сиырлар азықтандыру рациондарының минералдық дәрумендік қоректілігін буаздықтың цеолитті-хлореллалы премикс қосындысы әр кезеңдегі қоректік қажеттіліктеріне сәйкес енгізілді. Эксперимент барысында алынған мәліметтер биометриялық статистика әдістері арқылы талданды.
Нәтижелер. Цеолитті-хлорелла қоспасын тәжірибе топтарындағы буаз сиырлардың азық рационына енгізу, олардың рационындағы минералдар мен дәрумендердің мөлшерін арттырып, буаздықтың барысына және ұрықтың дамуына оң әсер етті. Аналогты бақылау тобындағы сиырлардың көрсеткіштерімен салыстырғанда тәжірибе тобындағы сиырлардың суалтылған күнінен бұзаулағанға дейінгі мерзімі – 4,0±0,6 тәулікке қысқарып, олардың өз тірілей салмақтарын қосуы - 12,3±0,6 кг артты. Сиырлардың салмағының артуы эмбрион дамуына оң әсерін тигізіп, биоүйлесімділігін арттыруынан, туылғандағы бұзаулардың тірі салмағы 42,0±1,7 кг және енелерінің тірі салмағы 7,45% жетсе, бақылау тобындағы бұзаулардың тірі салмағы - 38,9±1,8 кг болып, енелерінің тірі салмағы 6,89% құрады. Зерттелген суалтылған кезеңнің басында тірі салмағы бірдей болған тәжірибе тобындағы сиырлардың кезең соңында салмақ қосуы бақылау тобымен салыстырғанда 9,3%-дан 11,7%-ға дейін жоғарылап, қоңдылығы орта есеппен 3,18 балдан 3,30 балға дейін артты. Бұл жатырдағы ұрықтың жақсы дамуымен қатар сиыр денесінің қоректік заттарының қорын толықтырып, келесі сауымға дайындалуын жақсартты.
Қорытынды. Тәжірибеде қолданылған қоспа буаз сиырлардың азық рационындағы минералдар мен дәрумендердің деңгейін арттырып, олардың буаздық кезінде қоңдылығын сақтап, ұрықтың қарқынды дамуына және келесі сауымға қоректік қорды толықтыруына ықпал етті. Нәтижесінде, тәжірибе тобындағы буаз сиырлардың суалу кезеңіндегі тірілей салмағы 10-12%-ға өсіп, жаңа туған бұзаулардың тірілей салмағы аналықтарының салмағының 7-9%-ын құрап, стандартты деңгейде болды
Влияние ростостимулирующих препаратов на органы проростков льна масличного
Get PDFBackground and Aim. The transition of seeds from dormancy to germination is determined by their metabolic state, where a stimulating factor can exert influence, and the seed can respond to it. The seed\u27s response to exogenous factors is primarily reflected in the organs of the seedling. In the early stages of ontogenesis, analyzing seedling organs (their activity and growth potential) al-lows researchers to evaluate the effectiveness of growth promoting agents. Currently, limited re-search has been conducted on understanding the role of growth stimulants in regulating the growth and development of oil flax to more fully realize the genetic potential of the crop. Therefore, finding ways to influence plant organisms and selecting stimulants to enhance productivity is highly relevant.
Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on oil flax seeds (Linum usitatissimum L.) to examine the effects of growth stimulants on seedling organs. Seeds were placed on filter paper in Petri dishes and treated with various growth-promoting agents: Megamix Seeds (2 L/t), Ecobiosphere (0.75 L/t), Mycorrhiza (7.5 g/t), Albit (60 ml/t), and Lignohumate (100 g/t). Control seeds were treated with distilled water.
Results. An improvement in the quality characteristics of oil flax seeds was observed across all treated groups compared to the control. Treatment with Ecobiosphere and Megamix Seeds en-hanced seed germination synchronization, achieving 14.2 and 12.3 seeds per day, respectively, sur-passing the control by 3.9-2.3 seeds per day. Germination energy in the control group was 6–7% lower than in the samples treated with growth stimulants, while laboratory germination was 5-6% higher in the treated groups. Comparative assessment of the average lengths of seedlings and roots showed that treatment with Megamix Seeds and Ecobiosphere resulted in the maximum seedling and root lengths, measuring 6.5-7.2 cm (1.2-1.9 cm longer than the control) for seedlings and 7.0-8.0 cm (0.9 1.9 cm longer than the control) for roots, respectively. Treatment with growth-promoting agents activated metabolic processes in germinating seeds, leading to a reduction in the duration of key germination stages.
Conclusion. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the use of growth-promoting agents significantly improved seed swelling, germination rate, root system length, and seedling length. Their application not only accelerates germination but also effectively enhances the quality characteristics of oil flax and increases its yield potential.Предпосылки и цель. Переход семян из состояния покоя к процессу прорастания определяется их метаболическим состоянием, при котором стимулирующий фактор способен оказать влияние, а семя способно ответить на данное воздействие. Ответные реакции семени на экзогенное воздействие отражаются прежде всего на органах проростка. Уже на первых этапах онтогенеза можно дать оценку эффективности используемого ростостимулирующего препарата. Недостаточная активность исследований по теме влияния стимуляторов роста на развитие органов проростков льна подчёркивает актуальность поиска эффективных методов воздействия и подбора стимулирующих веществ для повышения продуктивности культуры.
Материалы и методы. Исследования проведены с семенами льна масличного (Linum usitatissimum L.) с целью изучения влияния ростостимулирующих препаратов на органы проростков. На фильтровальной бумаге, в чашках Петри, проводили обработку семян препаратами Мегамикс семена-2 л/т, Экобиосфера– 0,75 л/т, Микориза- 7,5 г/т, Альбит– 60 мл/т, Лигногумат – 100г). За контроль взяты семена, обработанные дистиллированной водой.
Результаты. Повышение качественных показателей семян льна масличного после обработки семян ростостимулирующими препаратами наблюдалось во всех вариантах в сравнении с контролем. Обработка семян препаратами Экобиосфера и «Мегамикс семена» повысило дружность прорастания семян, и составило соответственно 14,2 и 12,3 шт семян за день, что превышает контрольный вариант на 3,9-2,3 шт/семян в сутки. Сравнительная оценка средней длины проростков и корешков после обработки семян показала максимальную длину проростков и корешков семян льна масличного, обработанных препаратами «Мегамикс семена» и Экобиосфера. Длина проростков составила 6,5-7,2 см, что превышает контроль на 1,2-1,9 см, и длина корешков 7,0-8,0 см с превышением от контрольного варианта на 0,9-1,9 см соответственно. Обработка семян ростостимулирующими препаратами приводит к сокращению промежутка времени основных этапов прорастания.
Заключение. Учитывая полученные результаты, можно сделать вывод, что применение ростостимулирующих препаратов значительно улучшило степень набухания, скорость прорастания, длину корневой системы и длину проростка. Их применение может не только повысить скорость прорастания, но и эффективно улучшить качественные показатели льна масличного и повысить урожайность.Предпосылки и цель. Переход семян из состояния покоя к процессу прорастания определяется их метаболическим состоянием, при котором стимулирующий фактор способен оказать влияние, а семя способно ответить на данное воздействие. Ответные реакции семени на экзогенное воздействие отражаются прежде всего на органах проростка. Уже на первых этапах онтогенеза можно дать оценку эффективности используемого ростостимулирующего препарата. Недостаточная активность исследований по теме влияния стимуляторов роста на развитие органов проростков льна подчёркивает актуальность поиска эффективных методов воздействия и подбора стимулирующих веществ для повышения продуктивности культуры.
Материалы и методы. Исследования проведены с семенами льна масличного (Linum usitatissimum L.) с целью изучения влияния ростостимулирующих препаратов на органы проростков. На фильтровальной бумаге, в чашках Петри, проводили обработку семян препаратами Мегамикс семена-2 л/т, Экобиосфера– 0,75 л/т, Микориза- 7,5 г/т, Альбит– 60 мл/т, Лигногумат – 100г). За контроль взяты семена, обработанные дистиллированной водой.
Результаты. Повышение качественных показателей семян льна масличного после обработки семян ростостимулирующими препаратами наблюдалось во всех вариантах в сравнении с контролем. Обработка семян препаратами Экобиосфера и «Мегамикс семена» повысило дружность прорастания семян, и составило соответственно 14,2 и 12,3 шт семян за день, что превышает контрольный вариант на 3,9-2,3 шт/семян в сутки. Сравнительная оценка средней длины проростков и корешков после обработки семян показала максимальную длину проростков и корешков семян льна масличного, обработанных препаратами «Мегамикс семена» и Экобиосфера. Длина проростков составила 6,5-7,2 см, что превышает контроль на 1,2-1,9 см, и длина корешков 7,0-8,0 см с превышением от контрольного варианта на 0,9-1,9 см соответственно. Обработка семян ростостимулирующими препаратами приводит к сокращению промежутка времени основных этапов прорастания.
Заключение. Учитывая полученные результаты, можно сделать вывод, что применение ростостимулирующих препаратов значительно улучшило степень набухания, скорость прорастания, длину корневой системы и длину проростка. Их применение может не только повысить скорость прорастания, но и эффективно улучшить качественные показатели льна масличного и повысить урожайность
Сравнительная оценка новых сортов и селекционных образцов картофеля с пигментированной мякотью клубней в условиях Костанайской области
Get PDFBackground and Aim. This article presents the results of variety testing of domestic and foreign potato breeding material at the “Terra farm”, a potato-growing enterprise of the Kostanay region. Establishing a virus-free collection and developing planting material can serve as a successful starting point for introducing colored potatoes into the breeding and primary seed production of potatoes in Kazakhstan. This would provide a ready-made solution for subsequent commercialization. The purpose of this research is to evaluate potato varieties and hybrids with pigmented flesh from domestic and foreign breeding programs in the Kostanay region and identify promising potato samples.
Materials and Methods. The phenological observations, virus infection assessment, yield accounting and structure, starch content, dry matter content, and vitamin C content for 2024 are presented.
Results. High yields were recorded for the Columba potato variety (57 t/ha) and the breeding line 18-7-1 (54 t/ha). Olyushka, with a yield of 32,4 t/ha, exceeded the Red Rose (St) colored pulp variety by 4,6 t/ha, but was inferior to the Kira (St) variety by 2,1 t/ha. The purple–fleshed varieties Black Beauty and Xisen 8 had the lowest yields at 17,0 t/ha and 16,1 t/ha, respectively, significantly below the standard varieties in their ripeness groups: Gala (49,9 t/ha) and Red Rose (27,8 t/ha). Potato varieties Kira, Black Beauty, Gala, Columba, Xisen 1, Xisen 6 and breeding lines 18-7-1 and Olyushka were characterized by high marketability (99-100 %) and minimal waste genera-tion. The Travnik variety with colored pulp showed the highest amount of starch (17,71 %) followed by 18-7-1(17,46 %). The lowest starch content was found in breeding lines Olyushka and Tanyusha and in varieties Black Beauty, Xisen 6, Xisen 1,and Gala (9,88-12,73 %).
Conclusion. The Xisen 1 variety and the Olyushka breeding line showed the greatest potential under the soil and climatic conditions of 2024 in the Kostanay region, based on a combination of indicators: productivity, tuber marketability, vitamin C content and low starch content. The Travnik variety and 18-7-1 breeding line were characterized by a high content of dry matter and starch.Предпосылки и цель. В данной статье представлены результаты сортоиспытания отечественного и зарубежного селекционного материала картофеля в картофелеводческом хозяйстве Костанайской области КХ «Тэрра». Создание безвирусной коллекции, наработка посадочного материала в целом может послужить успешным стартом для внедрения цветного картофеля в селекцию и первичное семеноводство картофеля Казахстана и стать готовым решением для последующей коммерциализации. Цель исследований: дать оценку сортов и гибридов картофеля с пигментированной мякотью клубней отечественной и зарубежной селекции в условиях Костанайской области и выделить перспективные образцы картофеля.
Материалы и методы. Приведены фенологические наблюдения, поражённость вирусами, учет и структура урожайности, содержание крахмала, сухого вещества и витамина С за 2024 год.
Результаты. Высокие показатели урожайности установлены: у сорта картофеля Colomba 57 т/га и селекционного образца 18-7-1 – 54 т/га. Селекционный образец Олюшка с урожайностью 32,4 т/га превышал сорт с окрашенной мякотью Рэд Роуз (St) на 4,6 т/га, но уступал сорту Киру (St) на 2,1 т/га. Сорта с фиолетовой мякотью клубней Black Beauty и Xisen 8 имели наименьшую урожайность – 17,0 т/га и 16,1 т/га соответственно, достоверно уступая сортам стандартам в своих группах спелости – Gala (49,9 т/га) и Рэд Роуз (27,8 т/га). Сорта картофеля Киру, Black Beauty, Gala, Colomba, Xisen 1, Xisen 6 и селекционные образ-цы 18-7-1 и Олюшка, характеризовались высокой товарностью (99-100%) и минимальным образованием отходов. Наибольшее количество крахмала показали образцы с окрашенной мякотью клубней Травник -17,71% и 18-7-1 - 17,46%. Селекционные образцы: Олюшка, Танюша и сорта: Black Beauty, Xisen 6, Xisen 1, Gala содержат наименьшее количество крахма-ла: 9,88-12,73%.
Заключение. Сорт Xisen 1 и селекционный образец Олюшка в почвенно-климатических условиях 2024 года Костанайской области по комплексу показателей: продуктивности и товарности клубней, содержанию витамина С и низкому содержанию крахмала являлись наиболее перспективными. Селекционные образцы Травник и 18-7-1 отличались высоким содержанием сухого вещества и крахмала.Предпосылки и цель. В данной статье представлены результаты сортоиспытания отечественного и зарубежного селекционного материала картофеля в картофелеводческом хозяйстве Костанайской области КХ «Тэрра». Создание безвирусной коллекции, наработка посадочного материала в целом может послужить успешным стартом для внедрения цветного картофеля в селекцию и первичное семеноводство картофеля Казахстана и стать готовым решением для последующей коммерциализации. Цель исследований: дать оценку сортов и гибридов картофеля с пигментированной мякотью клубней отечественной и зарубежной селекции в условиях Костанайской области и выделить перспективные образцы картофеля.
Материалы и методы. Приведены фенологические наблюдения, поражённость вирусами, учет и структура урожайности, содержание крахмала, сухого вещества и витамина С за 2024 год.
Результаты. Высокие показатели урожайности установлены: у сорта картофеля Colomba 57 т/га и селекционного образца 18-7-1 – 54 т/га. Селекционный образец Олюшка с урожайностью 32,4 т/га превышал сорт с окрашенной мякотью Рэд Роуз (St) на 4,6 т/га, но уступал сорту Киру (St) на 2,1 т/га. Сорта с фиолетовой мякотью клубней Black Beauty и Xisen 8 имели наименьшую урожайность – 17,0 т/га и 16,1 т/га соответственно, достоверно уступая сортам стандартам в своих группах спелости – Gala (49,9 т/га) и Рэд Роуз (27,8 т/га). Сорта картофеля Киру, Black Beauty, Gala, Colomba, Xisen 1, Xisen 6 и селекционные образ-цы 18-7-1 и Олюшка, характеризовались высокой товарностью (99-100%) и минимальным образованием отходов. Наибольшее количество крахмала показали образцы с окрашенной мякотью клубней Травник -17,71% и 18-7-1 - 17,46%. Селекционные образцы: Олюшка, Танюша и сорта: Black Beauty, Xisen 6, Xisen 1, Gala содержат наименьшее количество крахма-ла: 9,88-12,73%.
Заключение. Сорт Xisen 1 и селекционный образец Олюшка в почвенно-климатических условиях 2024 года Костанайской области по комплексу показателей: продуктивности и товарности клубней, содержанию витамина С и низкому содержанию крахмала являлись наиболее перспективными. Селекционные образцы Травник и 18-7-1 отличались высоким содержанием сухого вещества и крахмала
Состояние популяции джейрана (Gazella subqutturosa Guldenstadt) в пустынях Южного Казахстана
Get PDFWild ungulates, in particular the goitered gazelle, as a unique gene pool of Eurasian biodiversity, are the property of the entire world community and are included in the Red Book of both the Republic of Kazakhstan and the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources in the category of «vulnerable species». Currently, the trend of a steady decline in the number of goitered gazelles in the southern regions of Kazakhstan is increasing. The main reason is the increasing pressure of «anthropogenic pressure», accompanied by the expansion of oil field development and the transition of the rural economy to private farms, which deprives ungulates of access to water sources.
Based on the above, the aim of the work was to record and monitor the goitered gazelle (Gazella subqutturosa Guldenstadt) in the deserts of Southern Kazakhstan, which is of significant scientific and practical interest.
Planned ground-based surveys and monitoring of the goitered gazelle were conducted in April-May, September-November and February 2019-2023 in five regions of Kazakhstan: Almaty, Zhambyl, Turkestan, Kyzylorda and Mangistau, using a method developed by the staff of the Institute of Zoology of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
The results of the study showed that of the five regions of the southern region of the country, the Kyzylorda and Almaty regions occupy a significant area of habitat for gazelles due to the presence of watering places and favorable conditions. Significantly fewer goitered gazelles were observed in the Mangistau and Zhambyl regions. It was found that the dynamics of the goitered gazelle population compared to 2019 in the studied regions tends to increase in population, which increased on average from 3.45 to 13.76% in 2023. Thus, the observed trend of increasing the number of goitered gazelles in the deserts of Southern Kazakhstan is possibly associated with favorable living conditions, accessible watering places, and good conditions for wintering.Предпосылка и цель. Дикие копытные, в частности джейран, как уникальный генофонд биоразнообразия Евразии, является достоянием всего мирового сообщества, и внесен в Красную книгу как Республики Казахстан, так и Международный союз охраны природы и природных ресурсов в категорию как «уязвимый вид». В настоящее время тенденция неуклонного снижения численности джейрана в южных регионах Казахстана возрастает. Основной причиной является нарастающий прессинг «антропогенного давления», сопровождающийся расширением разработок нефтяных месторождений и переход сельской экономики к частным фермерским хозяйствам, что лишает копытных животных доступа к источникам воды. Целью настоящего исследования являлось проведение учета и мониторинга джейрана (Gazella subgutturosa Güldenstädt) в пустынных экосистемах Южного Казахстана, что представляет собой значительный научный и практический интерес для сохранения и управления популяцией данного вида.
Материалы и методы. Плановые наземные учеты и мониторинг джейрана проводились в апреле-мае, сентябре-ноябре и феврале 2019-2023 годов в пяти областях Казахстана: Алматинской, Жамбылской, Туркестанской, Кызылординской и Мангистауской, по методу, разработанному сотрудниками Института зоологии МНВО РК.
Результаты. По результатам исследования было установлено, что из пяти областей южного региона страны, значительную площадь обитания джейраны занимают в Кызылординской и Алматинской области из за наличия водопоев и благоприятных условий. Значительно меньшее количество джейранов наблюдались в Мангистауской и Жамбылской областях. Было выявлено, что динамика численности джейрана по сравнению с 2019 годом, в исследуемых регионах имеет тенденцию к увеличению популяции, что в среднем увеличилось от 3,45 до 13,76% в 2023 году.
Заключение. Согласно результатам мониторинга, в южных регионах Казахстана наибольшие площади обитания джейрана находятся в Кызылординской области (7524,7 тыс. га) и Алматинской области (4473,6 тыс. га). Это связано с наличием водопоев и охраняемых природных территорий. В Алматинской области, благодаря благоприятным погодным условиям и наличию ГНПП «Алтын-Эмель», зафиксирована высокая плотность популяции. В Мангистауской области численность джейранов остаётся низкой, вероятно, из за антропогенного воздействия. В целом по региону с 2019 по 2023 годы численность джейрана увеличилась на 7,09%, достигнув 15 411 особей. Половозрастная структура популяции в 2023 году составила: 24% – самцы, 55% – самки, 5,6% – сеголетки, 15,7% – особи с неустановленными признаками. Рост численности джейрана свидетельствует о положительной динамике и наличии благоприятных условий для его обитания в ряде регионов.Предпосылка и цель. Дикие копытные, в частности джейран, как уникальный генофонд биоразнообразия Евразии, является достоянием всего мирового сообщества, и внесен в Красную книгу как Республики Казахстан, так и Международный союз охраны природы и природных ресурсов в категорию как «уязвимый вид». В настоящее время тенденция неуклонного снижения численности джейрана в южных регионах Казахстана возрастает. Основной причиной является нарастающий прессинг «антропогенного давления», сопровождающийся расширением разработок нефтяных месторождений и переход сельской экономики к частным фермерским хозяйствам, что лишает копытных животных доступа к источникам воды. Целью настоящего исследования являлось проведение учета и мониторинга джейрана (Gazella subgutturosa Güldenstädt) в пустынных экосистемах Южного Казахстана, что представляет собой значительный научный и практический интерес для сохранения и управления популяцией данного вида.
Материалы и методы. Плановые наземные учеты и мониторинг джейрана проводились в апреле-мае, сентябре-ноябре и феврале 2019-2023 годов в пяти областях Казахстана: Алматинской, Жамбылской, Туркестанской, Кызылординской и Мангистауской, по методу, разработанному сотрудниками Института зоологии МНВО РК.
Результаты. По результатам исследования было установлено, что из пяти областей южного региона страны, значительную площадь обитания джейраны занимают в Кызылординской и Алматинской области из за наличия водопоев и благоприятных условий. Значительно меньшее количество джейранов наблюдались в Мангистауской и Жамбылской областях. Было выявлено, что динамика численности джейрана по сравнению с 2019 годом, в исследуемых регионах имеет тенденцию к увеличению популяции, что в среднем увеличилось от 3,45 до 13,76% в 2023 году.
Заключение. Согласно результатам мониторинга, в южных регионах Казахстана наибольшие площади обитания джейрана находятся в Кызылординской области (7524,7 тыс. га) и Алматинской области (4473,6 тыс. га). Это связано с наличием водопоев и охраняемых природных территорий. В Алматинской области, благодаря благоприятным погодным условиям и наличию ГНПП «Алтын-Эмель», зафиксирована высокая плотность популяции. В Мангистауской области численность джейранов остаётся низкой, вероятно, из за антропогенного воздействия. В целом по региону с 2019 по 2023 годы численность джейрана увеличилась на 7,09%, достигнув 15 411 особей. Половозрастная структура популяции в 2023 году составила: 24% – самцы, 55% – самки, 5,6% – сеголетки, 15,7% – особи с неустановленными признаками. Рост численности джейрана свидетельствует о положительной динамике и наличии благоприятных условий для его обитания в ряде регионов
Оценка адаптивности линий яровой мягкой пшеницы в условиях Северо-Казахстанской области
Get PDFBackground and Aim. The North Kazakhstan region is one of the leading areas of Kazakhstan for the production of high-quality wheat grain. To improve the efficiency of breeding work, an important research focus is the study of the adaptability of new lines based on indicators of ecological plasticity and yield stability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adaptability of spring bread wheat lines from competitive trials using indicators of ecological plasticity and yield stability under the conditions of the steppe zone of Northern Kazakhstan.
Materials and Methods. The analysis was carried out on 20 promising spring bread wheat lines bred at the North Kazakhstan Agricultural Experimental Station during 2020 2024. Ecological stability and plasticity indices were calculated according to the method of S.A. Eberhart and W.A. Russell (as adapted by V.A. Zykin et al.). The indicators of stress tolerance (Ymin–Ymax) and genetic flexibility ((Ymin–Ymax)/2) were calculated using equations proposed by A.A. Rosielle and J. Hamblin, as interpreted by A.A. Goncharenko.
Results. Lines characterized by a combination of high yield (27.6–28.1 c/ha), ecological plasticity (bi = 0.98–1.07), and stability (σ²d = 0.4–1.0) were identified: 486/lyut 22, 63/lyut 37, and 453 SP2/19. Line 218/10 and the variety Aina showed high productivity and increased plasticity indices (bi = 1.14–1.21), classifying them as intensive types.
Conclusion. The evaluation made it possible to identify spring bread wheat lines with high ecological adaptability, plasticity, and yield stability that are of interest for further use in breeding programs and production trials under the conditions of the steppe zone of Northern Kazakhstan.Предпосылки и цель. Северо-Казахстанская область является одним из ведущих регионов Казахстана по производству качественного зерна пшеницы. Для повышения эффективности селекционной работы важным направлением является изучение адаптивности новых линий по показателям экологической пластичности и стабильности урожайности. Цель работы оценка адаптивности линий яровой мягкой пшеницы конкурсного испытания по показателям экологической пластичности и стабильности урожайности в условиях степной зоны Северо- Казахстанской области.
Материалы и методы. Анализ проведён по 20 перспективным линиям яровой мягкой пшеницы селекции Северо-Казахстанской сельскохозяйственной опытной станции за 2020-2024 гг. Расчёт показателей экологической стабильности и пластичности выполнен по методике S.A. Eberhart и W.A. Russel (в ред. В.А. Зыкина и др.). Показатели стрессоустойчивости (Ymin–Ymax) и генетической гибкости ((Ymin–Ymax)/2) вычислялись по уравнениям A.A. Rosielle и J. Hamblin в интерпретации А.А. Гончаренко.
Результаты. Выделены линии, отличающиеся сочетанием высокой урожайности (27,6–28,1 ц/га), экологической пластичности (bi = 0,98–1,07) и стабильности (σ²d = 0,4–1,0): 486/лют 22, 63/лют 37, 453 СП2/19. Линия 218/10 и сорт Айна проявили высокую продуктивность и повышенные значения показателя пластичности (bi=1,14–1,21), что относит их к интенсивным типам.
Заключение. Проведённая оценка позволила выявить линии яровой мягкой пшеницы с высокой экологической адаптивностью, пластичностью и стабильностью урожайности, которые представляют интерес для дальнейшего использования в селекционных программах и производственных испытаниях в условиях степной зоны Северного Казахстана.Предпосылки и цель. Северо-Казахстанская область является одним из ведущих регионов Казахстана по производству качественного зерна пшеницы. Для повышения эффективности селекционной работы важным направлением является изучение адаптивности новых линий по показателям экологической пластичности и стабильности урожайности. Цель работы оценка адаптивности линий яровой мягкой пшеницы конкурсного испытания по показателям экологической пластичности и стабильности урожайности в условиях степной зоны Северо- Казахстанской области.
Материалы и методы. Анализ проведён по 20 перспективным линиям яровой мягкой пшеницы селекции Северо-Казахстанской сельскохозяйственной опытной станции за 2020-2024 гг. Расчёт показателей экологической стабильности и пластичности выполнен по методике S.A. Eberhart и W.A. Russel (в ред. В.А. Зыкина и др.). Показатели стрессоустойчивости (Ymin–Ymax) и генетической гибкости ((Ymin–Ymax)/2) вычислялись по уравнениям A.A. Rosielle и J. Hamblin в интерпретации А.А. Гончаренко.
Результаты. Выделены линии, отличающиеся сочетанием высокой урожайности (27,6–28,1 ц/га), экологической пластичности (bi = 0,98–1,07) и стабильности (σ²d = 0,4–1,0): 486/лют 22, 63/лют 37, 453 СП2/19. Линия 218/10 и сорт Айна проявили высокую продуктивность и повышенные значения показателя пластичности (bi=1,14–1,21), что относит их к интенсивным типам.
Заключение. Проведённая оценка позволила выявить линии яровой мягкой пшеницы с высокой экологической адаптивностью, пластичностью и стабильностью урожайности, которые представляют интерес для дальнейшего использования в селекционных программах и производственных испытаниях в условиях степной зоны Северного Казахстана
Bovine Pestiviruses (Flaviviridae, Pestivirus) genomic diversity and global distribution: Review
Get PDFThe bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a member of the genus pestivirus of the family Flaviviridae and is capable of infecting cattle in many countries; it is characterized by genetic diversity and various diverse clinical manifestations. Bovine pestiviruses belong to three species: Pestivirus bovis (BVDV-1), Pestivirus tauri (BVDV2) and Pestivirus braziliense (BVDV-3 or HOBIE-like pestivirus). There are 21 subtypes of BVDV-1, 4 of BVDV-2, and 4 of BVDV-3. The most widespread in the world, BVDV-1 is widespread in cattle and is most often detected in European countries. The largest number of subtypes of this virus have been identified in cattle in Italy and China. The virus is wides pread in the Central region of the Russian Federation (subtypes 1a and 1m). A number of BVDV-1 subtypes have been detected in Turkey, including BVDV-1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1f, 1h, 1i, 1l, 1r, and 1v. A total of 11 subtypes are presentin native and imported animals in Siberia: 1a (5%), 1b (35%), 1c (5%), 1d (10%), 1f (20%), 1g (2.5%), 1i (2.5%), 1j (5%), 1k (5%), 1p (5%), and 1r (5%). BVDV-2 is the most virulent and is found less frequently, primarily in the United States, Canada, Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, in European countries (Germany, Slovakia, Turkey, and Italy), and in Asian countries (South Korea, Japan, and Mongolia). Three subtypes have been identified in Siberia: 2a (25%), 2b (10%) and 2c (5%). BVDV-3 circulates in Europe, Asia, and South America. The main route of virus introduction is via contaminated biological products. In Russia, BVDV-3 of the Italian Brazilian group (3a) was identified in seven lots of fetal serum. The existence of virus polymorphism complicates disease diagnosis and reduces the effectiveness of vaccination and control programs.The bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a member of the genus pestivirus of the family Flaviviridae and is capable of infecting cattle in many countries; it is characterized by genetic diversity and various diverse clinical manifestations. Bovine pestiviruses belong to three species: Pestivirus bovis (BVDV-1), Pestivirus tauri (BVDV2) and Pestivirus braziliense (BVDV-3 or HOBIE-like pestivirus). There are 21 subtypes of BVDV-1, 4 of BVDV-2, and 4 of BVDV-3. The most widespread in the world, BVDV-1 is widespread in cattle and is most often detected in European countries. The largest number of subtypes of this virus have been identified in cattle in Italy and China. The virus is wides pread in the Central region of the Russian Federation (subtypes 1a and 1m). A number of BVDV-1 subtypes have been detected in Turkey, including BVDV-1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1f, 1h, 1i, 1l, 1r, and 1v. A total of 11 subtypes are presentin native and imported animals in Siberia: 1a (5%), 1b (35%), 1c (5%), 1d (10%), 1f (20%), 1g (2.5%), 1i (2.5%), 1j (5%), 1k (5%), 1p (5%), and 1r (5%). BVDV-2 is the most virulent and is found less frequently, primarily in the United States, Canada, Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, in European countries (Germany, Slovakia, Turkey, and Italy), and in Asian countries (South Korea, Japan, and Mongolia). Three subtypes have been identified in Siberia: 2a (25%), 2b (10%) and 2c (5%). BVDV-3 circulates in Europe, Asia, and South America. The main route of virus introduction is via contaminated biological products. In Russia, BVDV-3 of the Italian Brazilian group (3a) was identified in seven lots of fetal serum. The existence of virus polymorphism complicates disease diagnosis and reduces the effectiveness of vaccination and control programs.The bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a member of the genus pestivirus of the family Flaviviridae and is capable of infecting cattle in many countries; it is characterized by genetic diversity and various diverse clinical manifestations. Bovine pestiviruses belong to three species: Pestivirus bovis (BVDV-1), Pestivirus tauri (BVDV2) and Pestivirus braziliense (BVDV-3 or HOBIE-like pestivirus). There are 21 subtypes of BVDV-1, 4 of BVDV-2, and 4 of BVDV-3. The most widespread in the world, BVDV-1 is widespread in cattle and is most often detected in European countries. The largest number of subtypes of this virus have been identified in cattle in Italy and China. The virus is wides pread in the Central region of the Russian Federation (subtypes 1a and 1m). A number of BVDV-1 subtypes have been detected in Turkey, including BVDV-1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1f, 1h, 1i, 1l, 1r, and 1v. A total of 11 subtypes are presentin native and imported animals in Siberia: 1a (5%), 1b (35%), 1c (5%), 1d (10%), 1f (20%), 1g (2.5%), 1i (2.5%), 1j (5%), 1k (5%), 1p (5%), and 1r (5%). BVDV-2 is the most virulent and is found less frequently, primarily in the United States, Canada, Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, in European countries (Germany, Slovakia, Turkey, and Italy), and in Asian countries (South Korea, Japan, and Mongolia). Three subtypes have been identified in Siberia: 2a (25%), 2b (10%) and 2c (5%). BVDV-3 circulates in Europe, Asia, and South America. The main route of virus introduction is via contaminated biological products. In Russia, BVDV-3 of the Italian Brazilian group (3a) was identified in seven lots of fetal serum. The existence of virus polymorphism complicates disease diagnosis and reduces the effectiveness of vaccination and control programs