Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University OJS
Not a member yet
1120 research outputs found
Sort by
Влияние прайминга и регуляторов роста на симбиотическую активность и урожайность люпина узколистного (Lupinus angustifolius)
Get PDFBackground and Aim. Legumes have high biological potential and the ability to increase soil fertility, which makes them important for the intensification of agriculture in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Narrow-leaved lupine of the Orlovsky kormovoy variety was chosen as the object of the study due to its high yield and protein content. The purpose of the study is to study the effect of growth regulators on the symbiotic activity and productivity of narrow-leaved lupine in the steppe zone of Northern Kazakhstan.Materials and methods. The study was conducted at the LLP “North Kazakhstan Agricultural Experimental Station”, soil – ordinary black soil. The effect of priming and growth regulators on symbiotic activity and formation of lupine yield was studied. The biometric parameters of the root system, the number, weight and activity of nodules, the dynamics of dry matter accumulation and the formation of productivity elements were measured.Results. In 2023, drought conditions reduced the symbiotic activity of the root system, while favorable conditions in 2024 contributed to its increase to medium and high levels. Positive correlations were found between the number and weight of nodules and dry matter accumulation (r=0.71 0.83), as well as between the activity of nodule bacteria and yield (r=0.92). The use of growth regulators and seed priming had a positive effect on the growth and development of lupine plants, the maximum yield in 2023 was 15.9 c/ha and 20.9 c/ha in 2024.
Conclusion. The results of the study show the importance of pre-sowing seed treatment for increasing the symbiotic activity of narrow-leaved lupine, increasing its productivity. The data obtained can be useful for developing pre-sowing preparation methods and agrotechnical techniques to increase the yield of this crop.Предпосылки и цель. Зернобобовые культуры обладают высоким биологическим потенциалом и способностью повышать почвенное плодородие, что делает их значимыми для интенсификации земледелия в Республике Казахстан. Узколистный люпин сорта Орловский кормовой выбран объектом исследования благодаря его высокой урожайности и содержанию белка. Цель исследования – изучение влияния регуляторов роста на симбиотическую деятельность и продуктивность люпина узколистного в условиях степной зоны Северного Казахстана.Материалы и методы. Исследование проводилось на базе ТОО «Северо-Казахстанская сельскохозяйственная опытная станция», почва – чернозем обыкновенный. Изучалось влияние прайминга и регуляторов роста на симбиотическую активность и формирование урожайности люпина. Измерялись биометрические показатели корневой системы, количество, масса и активность клубеньков, динамика накопления сухого вещества и формирование элементов продуктивности.Результаты. В 2023 году засушливые условия снижали симбиотическую активность корневой системы, а благоприятные условия 2024 года способствовали её увеличению до среднего и высокого уровней. Выявлены положительные корреляции между количеством и массой клубеньков и накоплением сухого вещества (r=0,71-0,83), а также между активностью клубеньковых бактерий и урожайностью (r=0,92). Применение регуляторов роста и прайминга семян положительно влияло на рост и развитие растений люпина, максимальная урожайность в 2023 году – 15,9 ц/га и 20,9 ц/га в 2024 году.Заключение. Результаты исследования показывают значимость предпосевной обработки семян для повышения симбиотической активности люпина узколистного, увеличивающей его продуктивность. Полученные данные могут быть полезны для разработки методов предпосевной подготовки и агротехнических приемов для увеличения урожайности данной культуры.Предпосылки и цель. Зернобобовые культуры обладают высоким биологическим потенциалом и способностью повышать почвенное плодородие, что делает их значимыми для интенсификации земледелия в Республике Казахстан. Узколистный люпин сорта Орловский кормовой выбран объектом исследования благодаря его высокой урожайности и содержанию белка. Цель исследования – изучение влияния регуляторов роста на симбиотическую деятельность и продуктивность люпина узколистного в условиях степной зоны Северного Казахстана.Материалы и методы. Исследование проводилось на базе ТОО «Северо-Казахстанская сельскохозяйственная опытная станция», почва – чернозем обыкновенный. Изучалось влияние прайминга и регуляторов роста на симбиотическую активность и формирование урожайности люпина. Измерялись биометрические показатели корневой системы, количество, масса и активность клубеньков, динамика накопления сухого вещества и формирование элементов продуктивности.Результаты. В 2023 году засушливые условия снижали симбиотическую активность корневой системы, а благоприятные условия 2024 года способствовали её увеличению до среднего и высокого уровней. Выявлены положительные корреляции между количеством и массой клубеньков и накоплением сухого вещества (r=0,71-0,83), а также между активностью клубеньковых бактерий и урожайностью (r=0,92). Применение регуляторов роста и прайминга семян положительно влияло на рост и развитие растений люпина, максимальная урожайность в 2023 году – 15,9 ц/га и 20,9 ц/га в 2024 году.Заключение. Результаты исследования показывают значимость предпосевной обработки семян для повышения симбиотической активности люпина узколистного, увеличивающей его продуктивность. Полученные данные могут быть полезны для разработки методов предпосевной подготовки и агротехнических приемов для увеличения урожайности данной культуры
EPIZOOTOLOGICAL MONITORING OF THE INCIDENCE OF PARVOVIRUS ENTERITIS IN DOGS IN KOSTANAY, REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Get PDFParvovirus enteritis of dogs is the cause of a highly contagious acute disease of many carnivorous animals, which leads to severe gastroenteritis and myocarditis. Parvovirus infection is characterized by severe enteritis and vomiting, as well as dehydration, fever, leukopenia and diarrhea. The article presents data on the frequency of occurrence of the disease in dogs with parvovirus enteritis in Kostanay, the Republic of Kazakhstan. In order to assess the epizootological situation of parvovirus enteritis, the logs of registration of sick animals, the results of rapid tests for infectious diseases of dogs of private veterinary clinics of the city for the period from 2020 to 2023 were analyzed. The object of the study was dogs of different breeds and age groups. Data analysis has shown that parvovirus enteritis is the most common infectious diseases of dogs. It was diagnosed in 20.3% of veterinary clinic patients, in two forms of intestinal and myocarditis. The disease is seasonal. Infection of dogs with parvovirus occurs mainly in spring (35,6%) and autumn (37,8%). The analysis of the sex and age structure of patients with parvovirus enteritis indicates a greater susceptibility to the disease of puppies under the age of one year. 86% of patients belonged to this age group. Dogs get sick regardless of gender.Parvovirus enteritis of dogs is the cause of a highly contagious acute disease of many carnivorous animals, which leads to severe gastroenteritis and myocarditis. Parvovirus infection is characterized by severe enteritis and vomiting, as well as dehydration, fever, leukopenia and diarrhea. The article presents data on the frequency of occurrence of the disease in dogs with parvovirus enteritis in Kostanay, the Republic of Kazakhstan. In order to assess the epizootological situation of parvovirus enteritis, the logs of registration of sick animals, the results of rapid tests for infectious diseases of dogs of private veterinary clinics of the city for the period from 2020 to 2023 were analyzed. The object of the study was dogs of different breeds and age groups. Data analysis has shown that parvovirus enteritis is the most common infectious diseases of dogs. It was diagnosed in 20.3% of veterinary clinic patients, in two forms of intestinal and myocarditis. The disease is seasonal. Infection of dogs with parvovirus occurs mainly in spring (35,6%) and autumn (37,8%). The analysis of the sex and age structure of patients with parvovirus enteritis indicates a greater susceptibility to the disease of puppies under the age of one year. 86% of patients belonged to this age group. Dogs get sick regardless of gender.Parvovirus enteritis of dogs is the cause of a highly contagious acute disease of many carnivorous animals, which leads to severe gastroenteritis and myocarditis. Parvovirus infection is characterized by severe enteritis and vomiting, as well as dehydration, fever, leukopenia and diarrhea. The article presents data on the frequency of occurrence of the disease in dogs with parvovirus enteritis in Kostanay, the Republic of Kazakhstan. In order to assess the epizootological situation of parvovirus enteritis, the logs of registration of sick animals, the results of rapid tests for infectious diseases of dogs of private veterinary clinics of the city for the period from 2020 to 2023 were analyzed. The object of the study was dogs of different breeds and age groups. Data analysis has shown that parvovirus enteritis is the most common infectious diseases of dogs. It was diagnosed in 20.3% of veterinary clinic patients, in two forms of intestinal and myocarditis. The disease is seasonal. Infection of dogs with parvovirus occurs mainly in spring (35,6%) and autumn (37,8%). The analysis of the sex and age structure of patients with parvovirus enteritis indicates a greater susceptibility to the disease of puppies under the age of one year. 86% of patients belonged to this age group. Dogs get sick regardless of gender
PREVALENCE OF THEILERIA ANNULATA AMONG CATTLE IN THE TURKESTAN REGION
Get PDFTheileriosis is a severe blood-parasitic disease, an important problem in veterinary protozoology, since the damage it causes remains significant. The recently widespread practice of importing breeding stock to improve local breeds leads to the fact that in the first summer season, upon contact with infested ticks, the imported animals become very seriously ill, with a mortality rate of up to 90-100%. In this work, 738 samples of cattle were examined using the polymerase chain reaction method, which showed the presence of infection in 598 DNA samples isolated from cattle from 10 districts, 19 settlements of the Turkestan region. Whole blood samples were taken from cattle aged 3 years and older. Upon examination, the animals seemed healthy. The overall positivity rate for the entire region was 81%, highlighting the prevalence of infection among livestock. There are different levels of infection in the regions; in 6 settlements the infection rate of cattle was 100%. In addition, 7 villages showed high PCR positivity rates, ranging from 70% to 97%. While the lowest prevalence of infection showed from 18% to 69% in 6 villages, respectively.Theileriosis is a severe blood-parasitic disease, an important problem in veterinary protozoology, since the damage it causes remains significant. The recently widespread practice of importing breeding stock to improve local breeds leads to the fact that in the first summer season, upon contact with infested ticks, the imported animals become very seriously ill, with a mortality rate of up to 90-100%. In this work, 738 samples of cattle were examined using the polymerase chain reaction method, which showed the presence of infection in 598 DNA samples isolated from cattle from 10 districts, 19 settlements of the Turkestan region. Whole blood samples were taken from cattle aged 3 years and older. Upon examination, the animals seemed healthy. The overall positivity rate for the entire region was 81%, highlighting the prevalence of infection among livestock. There are different levels of infection in the regions; in 6 settlements the infection rate of cattle was 100%. In addition, 7 villages showed high PCR positivity rates, ranging from 70% to 97%. While the lowest prevalence of infection showed from 18% to 69% in 6 villages, respectively.Theileriosis is a severe blood-parasitic disease, an important problem in veterinary protozoology, since the damage it causes remains significant. The recently widespread practice of importing breeding stock to improve local breeds leads to the fact that in the first summer season, upon contact with infested ticks, the imported animals become very seriously ill, with a mortality rate of up to 90-100%. In this work, 738 samples of cattle were examined using the polymerase chain reaction method, which showed the presence of infection in 598 DNA samples isolated from cattle from 10 districts, 19 settlements of the Turkestan region. Whole blood samples were taken from cattle aged 3 years and older. Upon examination, the animals seemed healthy. The overall positivity rate for the entire region was 81%, highlighting the prevalence of infection among livestock. There are different levels of infection in the regions; in 6 settlements the infection rate of cattle was 100%. In addition, 7 villages showed high PCR positivity rates, ranging from 70% to 97%. While the lowest prevalence of infection showed from 18% to 69% in 6 villages, respectively
USING INDIRECT HEMAGGLUTINATION ASSAY FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF CATTLE BRUCELLOSIS
Get PDFThe possibility of using indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) with milk (IHA/m) to differentiate post-infectious antibodies from post-vaccination ones in cows immunized with the Brucella abortus 82 was studied. Anti-Brucella antibodies by IHA/m were detected in the milk of all lactating animals (n=20) culled on the results of tube agglutination test (AT) and/or complement fixation test (CFT), while the milk ring test (MRT) were negative in 20% of cases. IHA/m, as well as IHA with blood serum (IHA/s), confirmed brucellosis in cows with AT- and/or CFT- negative or questionable results. The correlation coefficient between the results of the two IHA variants was very high (r = 793), and the hemagglutinin titers in the blood serum were significantly higher - 1:760 (+13.3%; -11.7%) than in AT-1:260 (+8.7%; -8.0%) (P≤0.01). Vaccination of cows caused increased production of complementfixing, agglutinating and precipitating antibodies, which tended to weaken during observation of the animals: 30, 60- and 90-days post vaccination (p.v.). By the end of the experiment, all vaccinated animals showed questionable AT; positive RID/O-PS and IHA/s were noted in 10% and 20% of cases, respectively. However, complement-fixing antibodies remained at diagnostic values in all animals until the end of the experiment. Despite the intense antibody immune response to the vaccine injection, there were no Brucella specific agglutinins detected by IHA/m and MRT in the milk of cows even on the 30th day p.v. The results show the need for further study on a large population to determine the diagnostic value of IHA/m for differentiating infected from vaccinated animals.The possibility of using indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) with milk (IHA/m) to differentiate post-infectious antibodies from post-vaccination ones in cows immunized with the Brucella abortus 82 was studied. Anti-Brucella antibodies by IHA/m were detected in the milk of all lactating animals (n=20) culled on the results of tube agglutination test (AT) and/or complement fixation test (CFT), while the milk ring test (MRT) were negative in 20% of cases. IHA/m, as well as IHA with blood serum (IHA/s), confirmed brucellosis in cows with AT- and/or CFT- negative or questionable results. The correlation coefficient between the results of the two IHA variants was very high (r = 793), and the hemagglutinin titers in the blood serum were significantly higher - 1:760 (+13.3%; -11.7%) than in AT-1:260 (+8.7%; -8.0%) (P≤0.01). Vaccination of cows caused increased production of complementfixing, agglutinating and precipitating antibodies, which tended to weaken during observation of the animals: 30, 60- and 90-days post vaccination (p.v.). By the end of the experiment, all vaccinated animals showed questionable AT; positive RID/O-PS and IHA/s were noted in 10% and 20% of cases, respectively. However, complement-fixing antibodies remained at diagnostic values in all animals until the end of the experiment. Despite the intense antibody immune response to the vaccine injection, there were no Brucella specific agglutinins detected by IHA/m and MRT in the milk of cows even on the 30th day p.v. The results show the need for further study on a large population to determine the diagnostic value of IHA/m for differentiating infected from vaccinated animals.The possibility of using indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) with milk (IHA/m) to differentiate post-infectious antibodies from post-vaccination ones in cows immunized with the Brucella abortus 82 was studied. Anti-Brucella antibodies by IHA/m were detected in the milk of all lactating animals (n=20) culled on the results of tube agglutination test (AT) and/or complement fixation test (CFT), while the milk ring test (MRT) were negative in 20% of cases. IHA/m, as well as IHA with blood serum (IHA/s), confirmed brucellosis in cows with AT- and/or CFT- negative or questionable results. The correlation coefficient between the results of the two IHA variants was very high (r = 793), and the hemagglutinin titers in the blood serum were significantly higher - 1:760 (+13.3%; -11.7%) than in AT-1:260 (+8.7%; -8.0%) (P≤0.01). Vaccination of cows caused increased production of complementfixing, agglutinating and precipitating antibodies, which tended to weaken during observation of the animals: 30, 60- and 90-days post vaccination (p.v.). By the end of the experiment, all vaccinated animals showed questionable AT; positive RID/O-PS and IHA/s were noted in 10% and 20% of cases, respectively. However, complement-fixing antibodies remained at diagnostic values in all animals until the end of the experiment. Despite the intense antibody immune response to the vaccine injection, there were no Brucella specific agglutinins detected by IHA/m and MRT in the milk of cows even on the 30th day p.v. The results show the need for further study on a large population to determine the diagnostic value of IHA/m for differentiating infected from vaccinated animals
Assessment of genetic diversity using microsatellite markers and milk productivity of Mugalzhar horses
Get PDFBackground and Aim. At "Chromtau Beef" LLP in Aktobe region, Mugalzhar horse breed is primarily used for meat and milk production. This largely depends on improving breeding techniques through introduction genetic achievements in farm and identifying and realizing genetic potential for productivity and breeding quality in production. The purpose this research was to study the zootechnical and genetic characteristics of modern population horses Mugalzhar breed using DNA markers. Materials and Methods. In this study, we studied polymorphism microsatellite markers to assess genetic differentiation sample Mugalzhar horses. Data on 17 microsatellite loci 20 heads horses from Aktobe population were used. The results were compared using GenAlEx 6.503 program: FST was calculated using matrix distances between alleles; according to matrix distances between genotypes.Results. The study zootechnical characteristics revealed that horses did not differ from breed standard in measurements. The milk production linebred mares varied considerably during 105 days lactation (average milk production Bekzat, Bau and Paluantora mares was 1701.0, 1492.05 and 1431.15 litres, respectively). Higher productivity was observed at 2-3 months lactation, after which milk yields gradually decreased and more sharply towards end lactation. Estimates genetic differentiation breed were obtained: FST = 0.028, matrix distances between genotypes = 0.015. A high correlation of FST and GD with Nei polocus differentiation scores was found (100). The inbreeding coefficient Fis for studied loci was found to have negative value (-0.014), which shows predominance heterozygous genotypes in Mugalzhar breed horse population.Conclusion. The coefficients variability (Cv) for both size and live weight are low, indicating uniformity horses. Our research has shown that Mugalzhar mares from different lines have different levels milk production. Simulation Mugalzhar breed with GD close to zero resulted in increase in number alleles per locus by 40%. It is advisable to use results obtained in development breeding measures topreserve diversity of breed.Background and Aim. At "Chromtau Beef" LLP in Aktobe region, Mugalzhar horse breed is primarily used for meat and milk production. This largely depends on improving breeding techniques through introduction genetic achievements in farm and identifying and realizing genetic potential for productivity and breeding quality in production. The purpose this research was to study the zootechnical and genetic characteristics of modern population horses Mugalzhar breed using DNA markers. Materials and Methods. In this study, we studied polymorphism microsatellite markers to assess genetic differentiation sample Mugalzhar horses. Data on 17 microsatellite loci 20 heads horses from Aktobe population were used. The results were compared using GenAlEx 6.503 program: FST was calculated using matrix distances between alleles; according to matrix distances between genotypes.Results. The study zootechnical characteristics revealed that horses did not differ from breed standard in measurements. The milk production linebred mares varied considerably during 105 days lactation (average milk production Bekzat, Bau and Paluantora mares was 1701.0, 1492.05 and 1431.15 litres, respectively). Higher productivity was observed at 2-3 months lactation, after which milk yields gradually decreased and more sharply towards end lactation. Estimates genetic differentiation breed were obtained: FST = 0.028, matrix distances between genotypes = 0.015. A high correlation of FST and GD with Nei polocus differentiation scores was found (100). The inbreeding coefficient Fis for studied loci was found to have negative value (-0.014), which shows predominance heterozygous genotypes in Mugalzhar breed horse population.Conclusion. The coefficients variability (Cv) for both size and live weight are low, indicating uniformity horses. Our research has shown that Mugalzhar mares from different lines have different levels milk production. Simulation Mugalzhar breed with GD close to zero resulted in increase in number alleles per locus by 40%. It is advisable to use results obtained in development breeding measures topreserve diversity of breed.Background and Aim. At "Chromtau Beef" LLP in Aktobe region, Mugalzhar horse breed is primarily used for meat and milk production. This largely depends on improving breeding techniques through introduction genetic achievements in farm and identifying and realizing genetic potential for productivity and breeding quality in production. The purpose this research was to study the zootechnical and genetic characteristics of modern population horses Mugalzhar breed using DNA markers. Materials and Methods. In this study, we studied polymorphism microsatellite markers to assess genetic differentiation sample Mugalzhar horses. Data on 17 microsatellite loci 20 heads horses from Aktobe population were used. The results were compared using GenAlEx 6.503 program: FST was calculated using matrix distances between alleles; according to matrix distances between genotypes.Results. The study zootechnical characteristics revealed that horses did not differ from breed standard in measurements. The milk production linebred mares varied considerably during 105 days lactation (average milk production Bekzat, Bau and Paluantora mares was 1701.0, 1492.05 and 1431.15 litres, respectively). Higher productivity was observed at 2-3 months lactation, after which milk yields gradually decreased and more sharply towards end lactation. Estimates genetic differentiation breed were obtained: FST = 0.028, matrix distances between genotypes = 0.015. A high correlation of FST and GD with Nei polocus differentiation scores was found (100). The inbreeding coefficient Fis for studied loci was found to have negative value (-0.014), which shows predominance heterozygous genotypes in Mugalzhar breed horse population.Conclusion. The coefficients variability (Cv) for both size and live weight are low, indicating uniformity horses. Our research has shown that Mugalzhar mares from different lines have different levels milk production. Simulation Mugalzhar breed with GD close to zero resulted in increase in number alleles per locus by 40%. It is advisable to use results obtained in development breeding measures topreserve diversity of breed
Plants with radioprotective properties: current research and application prospects
Get PDFBackground and Aim. The objective of this study is to investigate plants capable of reducing radionuclide accumulation in animals and to develop scientifically substantiated dietary feed supplements suitable for the conditions of the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site (SNTS). Plants with radioprotective properties play a critical role in the context of the former SNTS.Materials and Methods. The selection criteria for the plants included their ability to bind and remove radionuclides as well as their antioxidant activity. Key species studied included the fruits of wild apple, rosehip, rowan, and hawthorn. The selected plants were harvested, dried, and processed into powdered and extract forms. A series of experiments were conducted on livestock to test various feed supplements enriched with radioprotective plants and dietary compounds such as pectin and potassium ferrocyanide. These radioprotective agents were incorporated into animal feed at concentrations of 5–7% to evaluate their effectiveness. Radiometric monitoring in experimental areas was carried out using instruments such as the RKS-01-SOLO radiometer-dosimeter, XFC-AT 6130 dosimeter-radiometer, and RAMON-02 radon monitor. Highly sensitive dosimeters were used to determine radionuclide levels in plants.Results. The use of radioprotective plants as feed additives reduced radionuclide content in meat by 15% compared to the control group. The application of radioprotective agents facilitated the accelerated elimination of radionuclides from animals’ bodies. In the experimental group, the radionuclide excretion period was reduced to 15 days compared to the control group.Conclusion. The study results demonstrate the effectiveness of radioprotective plants in reducing radioactive substances in animals. These plants exhibit the ability to bind and remove radionuclides from animals’ bodies. Feed additives based on these plants enhance productivity, quality, and safety of livestock products in areas affected by the former SNTS.Background and Aim. The objective of this study is to investigate plants capable of reducing radionuclide accumulation in animals and to develop scientifically substantiated dietary feed supplements suitable for the conditions of the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site (SNTS). Plants with radioprotective properties play a critical role in the context of the former SNTS.Materials and Methods. The selection criteria for the plants included their ability to bind and remove radionuclides as well as their antioxidant activity. Key species studied included the fruits of wild apple, rosehip, rowan, and hawthorn. The selected plants were harvested, dried, and processed into powdered and extract forms. A series of experiments were conducted on livestock to test various feed supplements enriched with radioprotective plants and dietary compounds such as pectin and potassium ferrocyanide. These radioprotective agents were incorporated into animal feed at concentrations of 5–7% to evaluate their effectiveness. Radiometric monitoring in experimental areas was carried out using instruments such as the RKS-01-SOLO radiometer-dosimeter, XFC-AT 6130 dosimeter-radiometer, and RAMON-02 radon monitor. Highly sensitive dosimeters were used to determine radionuclide levels in plants.Results. The use of radioprotective plants as feed additives reduced radionuclide content in meat by 15% compared to the control group. The application of radioprotective agents facilitated the accelerated elimination of radionuclides from animals’ bodies. In the experimental group, the radionuclide excretion period was reduced to 15 days compared to the control group.Conclusion. The study results demonstrate the effectiveness of radioprotective plants in reducing radioactive substances in animals. These plants exhibit the ability to bind and remove radionuclides from animals’ bodies. Feed additives based on these plants enhance productivity, quality, and safety of livestock products in areas affected by the former SNTS.Background and Aim. The objective of this study is to investigate plants capable of reducing radionuclide accumulation in animals and to develop scientifically substantiated dietary feed supplements suitable for the conditions of the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site (SNTS). Plants with radioprotective properties play a critical role in the context of the former SNTS.Materials and Methods. The selection criteria for the plants included their ability to bind and remove radionuclides as well as their antioxidant activity. Key species studied included the fruits of wild apple, rosehip, rowan, and hawthorn. The selected plants were harvested, dried, and processed into powdered and extract forms. A series of experiments were conducted on livestock to test various feed supplements enriched with radioprotective plants and dietary compounds such as pectin and potassium ferrocyanide. These radioprotective agents were incorporated into animal feed at concentrations of 5–7% to evaluate their effectiveness. Radiometric monitoring in experimental areas was carried out using instruments such as the RKS-01-SOLO radiometer-dosimeter, XFC-AT 6130 dosimeter-radiometer, and RAMON-02 radon monitor. Highly sensitive dosimeters were used to determine radionuclide levels in plants.Results. The use of radioprotective plants as feed additives reduced radionuclide content in meat by 15% compared to the control group. The application of radioprotective agents facilitated the accelerated elimination of radionuclides from animals’ bodies. In the experimental group, the radionuclide excretion period was reduced to 15 days compared to the control group.Conclusion. The study results demonstrate the effectiveness of radioprotective plants in reducing radioactive substances in animals. These plants exhibit the ability to bind and remove radionuclides from animals’ bodies. Feed additives based on these plants enhance productivity, quality, and safety of livestock products in areas affected by the former SNTS
ИСКУССТВЕННЫЕ ЛЕСНЫЕ НАСАЖДЕНИЯ СЕВЕРО-ЗАПАДНОГО КАВКАЗА
Get PDFThe paper presents the results of the study of artificial forest plantations of the northwestern Caucasus created by planting in the period 1951-1971. Ecological and biological features of species of woody and shrub vegetation are considered. The forest formations spread on the studied territory are described. A brief review of the works of scientists engaged in studying the nature of the Caucasus and the restoration of Caucasian oak forests is given. The methodology of collection and processing of field and desk study materials obtained from 13 permanent sample plots is described. The sample plots were established taking into account the number of at least 200 trees of the main forest element. Artificial forest plantations growing in the same conditions «fresh oak forest» have different indicators of productivity and completeness. The productivity of plantations was assessed through the index of bonitet class, average stock per 1 ha and average growth. Trunk wood stock per 1 ha was determined by multiplying the trunk volume by the number of growing trees per 1 ha. To determine the primary density of crops at the stage of reconnaissance survey, row spacing and planting spacing were determined, which allowed to further determine the safety of forest crops. As a result of the conducted research it was established that in the conditions of fresh oak forests artificial plantations of Maikop forestry are characterized by high productivity indicators, at the age of 50-70 years the maximum value is 534,448 m3/ha at completeness 0,7, the minimum value is 60,616 m3/ha at completeness 0,5. Artificial plantations are characterized by average completeness indices (0,5-0,8), which allows to attribute them to medium-full-width plantations. When creating new artificial plantations, the main species to be used as the main species are oak, oak, red oak, Caucasian hornbeam, eastern beech, common pine, and coniferous species.В работе приведены результаты исследования искусственных лесных насаждений северо - западного Кавказа (Лесосеменного, Курджипское участковое лесничество, Майкопское лесничество Республика Адыгея) созданных посадкой в период 1951-1971 годы. Рассмотрены эколого - биологические особенности видов древесной и кустарниковой растительности. Описаны лесные формации, распространенные на изучаемой территории. Приведен краткий обзор работ ученых, занимающихся изучением природы Кавказа и вопросами восстановления дубрав Кавказа. Описывается методика сбора и обработки материалов полевых и камеральных работ, полученных по результату закладки 13 постоянных пробных площадей. Пробные площади закладывались с учетом количества деревьев не менее 200 деревьев основного элемента леса. Искусственные лесные насаждения, произрастая в одинаковых условиях «свежая дубрава» (Д2), имеют различные показатели продуктивности и полноты. Продуктивность насаждений оценивалась через показатель класса бонитета, среднего запас на 1 га и среднему приросту. Запас стволовой древесины на 1 га определялся умножением объема ствола на количество растущих деревьев на 1 га. Для определения первичной густоты культур на этапе рекогносцировочного обследования определена ширина междурядий и шаг посадки (расстояние между растениями в ряду), что позволило в дальнейшем определить сохранность лесных культур. В результате проведенных исследований установлено, что в условиях свежей дубравы искусственные насаждения Майкопского лесничества характеризуются высокими показателями продуктивности, в возрасте от 50-70 лет максимальное значение запас 534,448 м3/га при полноте 0,7, минимальное 60,616 м3/га при полноте 0,5. Искусственные насаждения характеризуются средними показателями полноты (0,5-0,8), что позволяет отнести их среднеполнотным насаждениям. При создании новых искусственных насаждений в качестве главных пород использовать дуб черешчатый, дуб Гартвиса, дуб красный, граб кавказский, бук восточный из хвойных пород сосну обыкновенную.В работе приведены результаты исследования искусственных лесных насаждений северо - западного Кавказа (Лесосеменного, Курджипское участковое лесничество, Майкопское лесничество Республика Адыгея) созданных посадкой в период 1951-1971 годы. Рассмотрены эколого - биологические особенности видов древесной и кустарниковой растительности. Описаны лесные формации, распространенные на изучаемой территории. Приведен краткий обзор работ ученых, занимающихся изучением природы Кавказа и вопросами восстановления дубрав Кавказа. Описывается методика сбора и обработки материалов полевых и камеральных работ, полученных по результату закладки 13 постоянных пробных площадей. Пробные площади закладывались с учетом количества деревьев не менее 200 деревьев основного элемента леса. Искусственные лесные насаждения, произрастая в одинаковых условиях «свежая дубрава» (Д2), имеют различные показатели продуктивности и полноты. Продуктивность насаждений оценивалась через показатель класса бонитета, среднего запас на 1 га и среднему приросту. Запас стволовой древесины на 1 га определялся умножением объема ствола на количество растущих деревьев на 1 га. Для определения первичной густоты культур на этапе рекогносцировочного обследования определена ширина междурядий и шаг посадки (расстояние между растениями в ряду), что позволило в дальнейшем определить сохранность лесных культур. В результате проведенных исследований установлено, что в условиях свежей дубравы искусственные насаждения Майкопского лесничества характеризуются высокими показателями продуктивности, в возрасте от 50-70 лет максимальное значение запас 534,448 м3/га при полноте 0,7, минимальное 60,616 м3/га при полноте 0,5. Искусственные насаждения характеризуются средними показателями полноты (0,5-0,8), что позволяет отнести их среднеполнотным насаждениям. При создании новых искусственных насаждений в качестве главных пород использовать дуб черешчатый, дуб Гартвиса, дуб красный, граб кавказский, бук восточный из хвойных пород сосну обыкновенную
ОБОСНОВАНИЕ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОСТИ ТРАКТОРНОГО ПРИЦЕПА ПРИ ЗАГОТОВКЕ СИЛОСА ВАКУУМНЫМ СПОСОБОМ
Get PDFIn dairy farming, the main share of the diet is occupied by succulent feed, including silage, the share of which can be 65%. Due to the imperfection of silage preparation methods, significant losses of feed occur from 5 to 35%, depending on the method of preparation and storage. The creation of a feed base from succulent feed for small and medium-sized agricultural producers is achieved by expanding the functionality of the 2 SUTT - 4.5 tractor trailer by equipping it with the necessary equipment for performing silage operations. An algorithm for the process of vacuuming green mass is presented, consisting of 6 operations of a mobile unit. Based on the research results, depending on time, timing data was obtained, performed by the technical means of the unit. The longest operation in terms of harvesting time was vacuuming flexible containers - 14 minutes 40 seconds. Loading the crushed green mass is the fastest operation, carried out in 1 minute 32 seconds. This indicator depends on the yield of the field, as well as the productivity of the forage harvester. The conducted research made it possible to determine the additional functional purpose of the 2 SUTT - 4.5 tractor trailer and to develop a list of operations performed for the future preparation of silage in flexible containers by vacuuming on a mobile unit in the field conditions of an agricultural enterprise.В молочном скотоводстве основную долю рациона занимают сочные корма, включая силос, доля которого может составлять - 65%. Из-за несовершенства методов заготовки силоса происходят значительные потери кормов от 5 до 35 % в зависимости от способа зоготовки и хранения. Создание кормовой базы из сочных кормов для мелких и средних сельхозтоваропроизводителей достигается путём расширения функциональности тракторного прицепа 2 ПТС - 4,5 за счет его комплектования необходимым оборудованием для выполнения операций силосования. Представлен алгоритм процесса вакуумирования силосной массы, состоящий из 6 операций мобильного агрегата. По результатам исследований в зависимости от времени получены хронометражные данные, выполняемые техническими средствами агрегата. Наиболее продол- жительной операцией по времени заготовки, составило вакуумирование мягких контейнеров равным - 14 минут 40 секунд. Загрузка измельченной массы является самой быстрой операцией, осуществляемой за 1 минуту 32 секунды. Данный показатель зависит от урожайности поля, а также производительности кормоуборочного комбайна. Проведённые исследования позволили определить дополнительное функциональное назначение тракторного прицепа 2 ПТС - 4,5 и раз- работать перечень выполняемых операций для перспективной заготовки силоса в мягких контейнерах путем вакуумирования на мобильном агрегате в полевых условиях сельскохозяйственного предприятия.В молочном скотоводстве основную долю рациона занимают сочные корма, включая силос, доля которого может составлять - 65%. Из-за несовершенства методов заготовки силоса происходят значительные потери кормов от 5 до 35 % в зависимости от способа зоготовки и хранения. Создание кормовой базы из сочных кормов для мелких и средних сельхозтоваропроизводителей достигается путём расширения функциональности тракторного прицепа 2 ПТС - 4,5 за счет его комплектования необходимым оборудованием для выполнения операций силосования. Представлен алгоритм процесса вакуумирования силосной массы, состоящий из 6 операций мобильного агрегата. По результатам исследований в зависимости от времени получены хронометражные данные, выполняемые техническими средствами агрегата. Наиболее продол- жительной операцией по времени заготовки, составило вакуумирование мягких контейнеров равным - 14 минут 40 секунд. Загрузка измельченной массы является самой быстрой операцией, осуществляемой за 1 минуту 32 секунды. Данный показатель зависит от урожайности поля, а также производительности кормоуборочного комбайна. Проведённые исследования позволили определить дополнительное функциональное назначение тракторного прицепа 2 ПТС - 4,5 и раз- работать перечень выполняемых операций для перспективной заготовки силоса в мягких контейнерах путем вакуумирования на мобильном агрегате в полевых условиях сельскохозяйственного предприятия
GRANULOMETRIC COMPOSITION OF SOIL IN ASTANA CITY
Get PDFUrban soil is one of the most polluted components of the environment. An increase in anthropogenic load on urban soils, as well as pollution by various wastes, the accumulation and compaction of particularly dangerous non-recyclable substances, covering the soil surface with a waterproof layer during construction provoke a violation of the structure and a change in the physical and chemical composition of the soil. Soil serves as a natural filter that absorbs and neutralizes toxic substances released by anthropogenic influences. This activity occurs at different levels depending on the mechanical and granulometric characteristics of the soil. Therefore, when studying the state of pollution of urban soils, it is necessary to pay attention to the species composition of soils. This article provides an assessment of the granulometric characteristics of soils in Astana. In the city of Astana, soil samples were analyzed from the microdistricts of Saryarka, Baikonur, Almaty, Yesil, Nura (60 points in total). The soils of the territory of the city of Astana are represented by the following types: dark chestnut soils and their varieties, meadow-chestnut soils and their varieties, solonchaks and urbanozems; according to the granulometric composition of the soil, they are represented by heavy, medium and light loams.Urban soil is one of the most polluted components of the environment. An increase in anthropogenic load on urban soils, as well as pollution by various wastes, the accumulation and compaction of particularly dangerous non-recyclable substances, covering the soil surface with a waterproof layer during construction provoke a violation of the structure and a change in the physical and chemical composition of the soil. Soil serves as a natural filter that absorbs and neutralizes toxic substances released by anthropogenic influences. This activity occurs at different levels depending on the mechanical and granulometric characteristics of the soil. Therefore, when studying the state of pollution of urban soils, it is necessary to pay attention to the species composition of soils. This article provides an assessment of the granulometric characteristics of soils in Astana. In the city of Astana, soil samples were analyzed from the microdistricts of Saryarka, Baikonur, Almaty, Yesil, Nura (60 points in total). The soils of the territory of the city of Astana are represented by the following types: dark chestnut soils and their varieties, meadow-chestnut soils and their varieties, solonchaks and urbanozems; according to the granulometric composition of the soil, they are represented by heavy, medium and light loams.Urban soil is one of the most polluted components of the environment. An increase in anthropogenic load on urban soils, as well as pollution by various wastes, the accumulation and compaction of particularly dangerous non-recyclable substances, covering the soil surface with a waterproof layer during construction provoke a violation of the structure and a change in the physical and chemical composition of the soil. Soil serves as a natural filter that absorbs and neutralizes toxic substances released by anthropogenic influences. This activity occurs at different levels depending on the mechanical and granulometric characteristics of the soil. Therefore, when studying the state of pollution of urban soils, it is necessary to pay attention to the species composition of soils. This article provides an assessment of the granulometric characteristics of soils in Astana. In the city of Astana, soil samples were analyzed from the microdistricts of Saryarka, Baikonur, Almaty, Yesil, Nura (60 points in total). The soils of the territory of the city of Astana are represented by the following types: dark chestnut soils and their varieties, meadow-chestnut soils and their varieties, solonchaks and urbanozems; according to the granulometric composition of the soil, they are represented by heavy, medium and light loams
ВЛИЯНИЕ ГУСТОТЫ СТОЯНИЯ НА ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ ГИБРИДОВ КУКУРУЗЫ СЕЛЕКЦИИ KAZSEEDS В УСЛОВИЯХ ФЕДОРОВСКОГО РАЙОНА КОСТАНАЙСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ
Get PDFStudying the effect of crop density on corn grain yield and determining the optimal number of plants per unit area are active areas of research due to the plasticity of this crop under changing climatic conditions. The article presents the results of a study of the influence of pre-harvest standing density of Lola and Aliya corn hybrids on productivity elements (grain weight per ear, grain yield at standard humidity, ear weight, grain yield). The analysis showed that the range of crop density of the Lola hybrid from 54 to 70 thousand plants/ha does not greatly affect all the studied yield parameters. The Aliya hybrid exhibits a dependence on standing density based on structural elements such as the mass and yield of grain, the mass of the cob. With an increase in sowing density, the weight of grain per ear at standard humidity is 105.5 g, the weight of the ear is 150.5 g, and the grain yield is 82.4 %.Изучение влияния густоты посевов на урожайность зерна кукурузы и определение оптимального количества растений на единицу площади являются активными направлениями исследований в связи с пластичностью этой культуры при изменяющихся климатических условиях. В статье представлены результаты изучения влияния предуборочной густоты стояния гибридов кукурузы Лола и Алия на элементы продуктивности (масса зерна с 1 початка, урожайность зерна, масса початка, выход зерна) и влажность зерна. Анализ показал, что диапазон густоты посевов гибрида Лола от 54 до 70 тыс. растений/га не сильно влияет по всем изученным параметрам урожайности. У гибрида Алия прослеживается зависимость от густоты стояния по структурным элементам как масса и выход зерна, масса початка. С увеличением густоты посева масса зерна с 1 початка при стандартной влажности – 105,5 г, масса початка – 150,5 г, выход зерна – 82,4%.Изучение влияния густоты посевов на урожайность зерна кукурузы и определение оптимального количества растений на единицу площади являются активными направлениями исследований в связи с пластичностью этой культуры при изменяющихся климатических условиях. В статье представлены результаты изучения влияния предуборочной густоты стояния гибридов кукурузы Лола и Алия на элементы продуктивности (масса зерна с 1 початка, урожайность зерна, масса початка, выход зерна) и влажность зерна. Анализ показал, что диапазон густоты посевов гибрида Лола от 54 до 70 тыс. растений/га не сильно влияет по всем изученным параметрам урожайности. У гибрида Алия прослеживается зависимость от густоты стояния по структурным элементам как масса и выход зерна, масса початка. С увеличением густоты посева масса зерна с 1 початка при стандартной влажности – 105,5 г, масса початка – 150,5 г, выход зерна – 82,4%