Jurnal Jabatan Seni Bina
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Variasi Suhu dan Kelembapan Subgred di Bawah Simulasi Hujan Buatan
Full text linkKajian ini bertujuan untuk menilai kesan variasi keamatan dan tempoh hujan terhadap perubahan suhu serta kelembapan dalam tanah subgred. Faktor ini juga adalah kritikal dalam menentukan kestabilan struktur dan prestasi jangka panjang sistem turapan di kawasan beriklim tropika lembap. Dua jenis tanah subgred berklasifikasi AASHTO A-2-6 diperoleh daripada dua kuari di negeri Perlis, masing-masing mewakili jenis pasir bergradasi rendah (SP) dan pasir bergradasi baik (SW). Selain itu, kajian menggunakan simulator hujan buatan yang dibina khas untuk meniru keadaan hujan sebenar berdasarkan data keamatan hujan ekstrem dari Jabatan Meteorologi Malaysia antara tahun 2013 hingga 2024. Tiga kadar keamatan hujan digunakan (2.14, 2.49 dan 2.74 mm/min) dengan empat tempoh pendedahan berbeza (30, 60, 90 dan 120 minit). Sampel tanah dipadatkan ke dalam acuan Nisbah Galas California (CBR) bersaiz piawai dan dilengkapkan dengan sensor digital pada tiga kedalaman berbeza (atas, tengah, dan bawah) untuk merekod perubahan suhu dan kelembapan secara masa nyata. Selain itu, ujian-ujian geoteknikal seperti ayakan, had Atterberg dan pemadatan Proctor turut dilaksanakan bagi menentukan sifat fizik tanah dan kesesuaiannya sebagai bahan asas jalan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan peningkatan kelembapan yang ketara pada lapisan atas tanah dan penurunan suhu progresif seiring dengan peningkatan keamatan hujan, menandakan kewujudan hubungan langsung antara infiltrasi air dan kehilangan haba tanah. Selain itu juga, tanah dari Kuari 1 menunjukkan peningkatan kandungan kelembapan tertinggi sebanyak 53.8%, manakala Kuari 2 menunjukkan penurunan suhu paling besar iaitu 7.8°C. Perbezaan ini dikaitkan dengan variasi tekstur, pemadatan, dan kebolehtelapan semula jadi tanah. Penemuan ini bukan sahaja menegaskan pentingnya pemilihan bahan subgred yang sesuai mengikut ciri iklim setempat, malah menyediakan asas saintifik untuk pembangunan strategi rekabentuk dan pemodelan prestasi turapan yang lebih berdaya tahan terhadap perubahan iklim
DIGITAL ADOPTION AMONG CONTRACTOR QUANTITY SURVEYORS: INSIGHTS FROM THE MALAYSIAN CONSTRUCTION CONTEXT
Full text linkDigitalisation has transformed Malaysia's construction industry, yet adoption among contractor quantity surveyors (QS) remains inconsistent. This study investigates current digital practices, challenges, and strategies for improving digital adoption within contractor firms. A quantitative questionnaire survey was conducted among 58 QS employed by G7 contractor firms. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics in SPSS to determine the level of digital application, perceived barriers, and preferred solutions. Findings reveal that digital tools are most actively applied in cost reporting, measurement verification and progress payment processes, with cloud computing, Building Information Modelling (BIM), and drones being the most commonly used technologies. Key barriers include reliance on traditional practices, limited training, software incompatibility and high initial investment costs. Respondents identified employer-led training, university industry collaboration and government guidelines as the most effective strategies to enhance adoption. The study provides useful insights for construction firms to strengthen digital readiness in quantity surveying and project management functions beyond site-based activities, supporting Malaysia’s transition toward a more efficient and technology-driven Construction 4.0 industry
APLIKASI PENUGASAN TRAFIK DINAMIK MELALUI SIMULASI MIKROSKOPIK DALAM KAJIAN IMPAK TRAFIK DAN PERBANDINGAN DENGAN PENUGASAN TRAFIK STATIK
Full text linkKajian impak trafik membantu pembuat keputusan menilai kesesuaian cadangan pembangunan serta mengenal pasti penambahbaikan infrastruktur pengangkutan bagi mengekalkan kelestarian. Kajian ini membandingkan output trafik seperti kelengahan, nisbah isipadu terhadap kapasiti (v/c), dan tahap perkhidmatan (LOS) antara model penugasan trafik dinamik AIMSUN dan model statik SIDRA. Model SIDRA telah diselaraskan dengan rangkaian AIMSUN dari segi geometri, permintaan trafik, dan komposisi kenderaan bagi membolehkan perbandingan merentas platform yang sah. Output simulasi termasuk kelengahan, LOS dan nisbah v/c telah diekstrak daripada kedua-dua platform, dengan AIMSUN menyediakan hasil dalam format agregat dan siri masa. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa AIMSUN, terutamanya melalui simulasi siri masa, memberikan gambaran trafik lebih realistik dengan mengenal pasti perubahan mengikut masa, tingkah laku pemandu adaptif dan corak kesesakan setempat. SIDRA pula secara konsisten melebihi anggaran kelengahan, iaitu purata 46.1% (50.6 saat) berbanding kelengahan agregat AIMSUN dan 34.2% (47.9 saat) berbanding kelengahan maksimum AIMSUN (siri masa), terutamanya di persimpangan yang sibuk. SIDRA juga melebihi anggaran nisbah v/c berbanding AIMSUN, dengan purata 62.2% (agregat) dan 56.9% (siri masa). AIMSUN turut menunjukkan keupayaan yang lebih unggul dalam mengenal pasti gangguan aliran trafik serta fenomena limpahan barisan kenderaan, sekali gus menonjolkan kelebihan model penugasan trafik dinamik dalam penilaian yang tepat dan responsif terhadap rangkaian trafik bandar yang kompleks. Penemuan ini menyokong penggunaan kaedah analisis berasaskan simulasi serta meningkatkan kredibiliti model penugasan trafik dinamik untuk ramalan trafik yang lebih tepat dan perancangan infrastruktur mampan
POTENTIAL USE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR CIRCULAR CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES
Full text linkAdvocates for digital technologies, as well as the need to minimise carbon emissions in the building industry, have been pushed forward through national regulations and global efforts. Existing research has demonstrated the practices of circular construction as well as how construction technologies increase productivity. However, there is a critical research gap, as it is uncertain whether the technologies support circular construction practices. The purpose of this article is to identify the potential applications of technology that promote circular construction practices. The research methodology used is a qualitative approach in which interviews with large contractor organisations were conducted. The results showed that contractors believed that the use of technologies could support circular construction practices. Building Information Modelling was shown to be the most effective technology for supporting circular construction practices. Whereas Blockchain provides the least support for circular construction practices. The findings have significant importance as it will aid policymakers strategise which technologies to prioritise for encouraging sustainable construction
EXPLORING WALKABILITY IN CIVIC HERITAGE SPACES: A PILOT STUDY OF USER PERCEPTIONS IN PADANG KOTA LAMA, GEORGETOWN
Full text linkThis pilot study explores user perceptions of walkability in Padang Kota Lama, George Town, a civic heritage space facing growing mobility and inclusivity pressures. The objective was to examine how users perceive comfort, safety, and connectivity within the pedestrian environment and to assess the feasibility of a mixed-method framework for evaluating walkability in tropical heritage contexts. A structured survey of 42 respondents, complemented by open-ended feedback, was conducted. Reliability analysis indicated acceptable internal consistency, with Cronbach’s Alpha values exceeding 0.70 across all constructs. Preliminary findings suggest widespread dissatisfaction with key dimensions of walkability. More than 60% of participants rated sidewalks as uneven or damaged, and 78.6% reported thermal discomfort due to limited shading. Fewer than one-third perceived pedestrian crossings as safe, while nearly half judged them inadequate. Connectivity was frequently described as fragmented, with routes ending abruptly or lacking signage. Qualitative feedback emphasised the need for shaded routes, covered walkways, barrier-free access, safer crossings, and clearer wayfinding. Interpreted through the Theory of Planned Behaviour, these perceptions reveal how inadequate infrastructure, poor thermal comfort, and safety concerns erode walking confidence and perceived behavioural control. The study provides initial empirical and methodological insights to guide future large-scale investigations. It concludes that improving walkability in civic heritage environments such as Padang Kota Lama requires climate-responsive, user-centred, and inclusive urban design interventions that enhance accessibility, social equity, and sustainable mobility
PERPUSTAKAAN DIGITAL TANPA BUKU Evolusi dan Impak Teknologi Dalam Ruang Rekabentuk
Full text linkPerpustakaan digital muncul sebagai tipologi seni bina baharu yang mencerminkan perubahan mendasar terhadap cara manusia berinteraksi dengan maklumat, ruang, dan teknologi. Evolusi ini bukan sekadar proses digitalisasi sistem katalog atau koleksi buku, tetapi suatu transformasi menyeluruh yang mencabar struktur, fungsi, dan falsafah perpustakaan konvensional. Ketiadaan koleksi fizikal dalam bentuk buku bercetak telah mempengaruhi keperluan spatial dan operasi, menjadikan perpustakaan digital lebih padat, cekap dan mampan dari segi tenaga, pengurusan, serta kos penyelenggaraan. Kertas kerja ini menelusuri bagaimana penghapusan rak fizikal dan ruang penyimpanan besar telah menghasilkan reka bentuk yang lebih lean — iaitu bangunan yang optimum dari segi penggunaan tenaga, tenaga kerja, dan bahan binaan. Melalui pendekatan analisis tipologi dan interpretasi seni bina, penulis menilai semula hubungan antara ruang fizikal dan maya (hybrid information environments) serta implikasinya terhadap prestasi bangunan (building performance). Kajian ini berasaskan pemerhatian profesional terhadap pengalaman reka bentuk perpustakaan digital di Malaysia, dengan memberi tumpuan kepada kecekapan spatial, pengurangan beban mekanikal (HVAC), keanjalan fungsi ruang, serta keberkesanan interaksi pengguna. Perbandingan antara tipologi perpustakaan tradisional dan digital membuktikan bahawa prestasi seni bina boleh ditingkatkan melalui gangguan holistik (holistic disruption) terhadap model konvensional. Apabila fungsi penyimpanan digantikan dengan sistem awan dan akses dalam talian, ruang fizikal dapat dioptimumkan untuk aktiviti pembelajaran, kolaborasi, dan inovasi sosial. Dalam konteks ini, perpustakaan tidak lagi berperanan sebagai arkib bahan, tetapi sebagai ekosistem pengetahuan (knowledge ecosystem) yang menggabungkan fleksibiliti spatial, efisiensi tenaga, dan reka bentuk berpusatkan manusia. Kertas ini menegaskan bahawa transformasi digital bukan ancaman kepada nilai asas perpustakaan, tetapi suatu peluang untuk memperkukuh prestasi fizikal dan sosial bangunan melalui reka bentuk adaptif dan strategi kelestarian yang menyeluruh. Perpustakaan masa hadapan yang berjaya ialah yang mampu mengekalkan keseimbangan antara manusia, maklumat dan ruang — mencipta suasana pembelajaran yang bukan sahaja efisien dari segi teknikal, tetapi juga bermakna dari segi pengalaman dan impak budaya.
INTEGRATING QLASSIC AND ISO 9001 FOR ENHANCED CONSTRUCTION QUALITY ASSESSMENT: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Full text linkThe construction industry in Malaysia continues to face challenges in ensuring consistent quality and workmanship across projects. Despite various efforts to improve quality control, problems such as poor workmanship, construction defects, and inconsistency remain prevalent. Malaysia currently uses two important systems, namely the Quality Assessment System in Construction (QLASSIC) and the ISO 9001 Quality Management System (QMS). However, the independent implementation of these two systems often results in gaps between process management and physical quality assessment. This study explores the benefits and challenges of integrating QLASSIC and ISO 9001 to enhance construction quality assessment in Malaysia. Using a qualitative research design, semi-structured interviews were conducted with five construction professionals who have experience in both systems. The findings reveal that integrating QLASSIC with ISO 9001 can provide a more comprehensive assessment framework, reduce defects and rework, and improve organisational competitiveness. Nonetheless, several challenges exist, such as a lack of understanding, insufficient training, high costs, and limited stakeholder support. The study concludes that integration offers significant potential for improving construction quality management and can serve as a reference for policymakers and industry stakeholders to strengthen Malaysia’s construction quality framework
CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATION MANAGEMENT MODEL FOR DIGITAL TWIN IMPLEMENTATION TO REDUCE OPERATIONAL CARBON IN BUILDINGS
Full text linkThe fragmented nature of Digital Twin (DT), multidisciplinary involvement, and overarching carbon criteria pose challenges for construction organisations’ management in effectively implementing DT for reducing operational carbon (ROC) in buildings. However, a critical research gap exists in how effective management can enhance DT adoption within the context of construction organisations. This study aims to develop a Construction Organisation Management-Model (COM) to enhance DT adoption among construction firms towards reducing operational carbon emissions in existing buildings. Questionnaire data from 345 multidisciplinary construction experts across the globe were analysed via confirmatory factor analysis. As a result, the structural model was developed. Specifically, the combined implementation of key elements like technology adoption, process reengineering, change management, and complex system interconnections positively impacts the management of DT for ROC. Performance monitoring & evaluation play a critical intermediary role between the abovementioned elements and the management of DT for ROC, while government & stakeholder involvement mediates solely between technology adoption and the effective management of DT for ROC. The study demonstrates how various management theories interconnect to facilitate the adoption of complex emerging technologies such as DT while presenting an actionable pathway for construction organisations to reduce carbon emissions in existing buildings
CABARAN PENERIMAAN CLOUD-BASED BIM DALAM PROJEK PEMBINAAN BERSKALA BESAR DI MALAYSIA: ULASAN LITERATUR SISTEMATIK
Full text linkPelaksanaan Cloud-Based Building Information Modelling (BIM) mempunyai potensi untuk mengubah cara kolaborasi, koordinasi, dan interoperabiliti data dalam projek pembinaan berskala besar; walau bagaimanapun, inovasi ini masih belum meluas dalam persekitaran pembinaan di Malaysia disebabkan oleh pelbagai halangan yang berterusan. Kertas ini membentangkan ulasan literatur sistematik (SLR) ke atas 52 dokumen yang telah ditinjau oleh rakan sebaya yang diterbitkan antara 2012 hingga 2024 untuk mengenal pasti dan mensintesiskan halangan utama terhadap Cloud-Based BIM di Malaysia. Strategi PRISMA yang teliti telah digunakan untuk menguruskan pemilihan artikel dan sintesis tema. Halangan-halangan tersebut dikelompokkan kepada lima tema: halangan teknologikal, halangan organisasi, halangan peraturan, halangan kewangan, dan halangan budaya. Penemuan kajian mendapati kekurangan penyeragaraman, kekurangan kemahiran teknikal, privasi data, kos pelaksanaan, dan ketidakmampuan peserta untuk menerima perubahan, sebagai halangan utama yang dilaporkan secara konsisten. Kertas ini membantu memberikan perspektif empirikal terhadap masalah kompleks yang berkaitan dengan pelaksanaan penuh Cloud-Based BIM di Malaysia, namun turut memberikan sumbangan tematik yang berguna untuk pertimbangan dalam penyelidikan, dasar, dan strategi transformasi digital dalam industri pembinaan Malaysia pada masa depan
THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF WATER-FILLED WINDOW IN TROPICAL CLIMATE, PENANG, MALAYSIA.
Full text linkThe Earth's surface temperature continues to rise each year due to various contributing factors such as the sun’s increasing intensity, global warming, and the depletion of the ozone layer. One significant cause of ozone depletion is the release of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) gases from air conditioners (AC) used to cool indoor spaces. The type, thickness, and structure of glass windows play a crucial role in influencing indoor temperatures, as windows not only allow sunlight to enter but also permit heat transfer from the sun. Clear glass, in particular, has limited ability to block solar heat, resulting in temperature differences between indoor and outdoor environments. This study investigates the effects of varying water cavity thicknesses in different window prototypes to assess temperature differences between indoor and outdoor spaces, the construction’s ability to block heat, and the duration of heat retention. Findings show that the water-filled window prototype lowered indoor surface temperature by an average of 0.87°C, demonstrating its potential to enhance energy efficiency through the thermal mass properties of water