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Well-being at school: A social problem
No full textInternational audienceIn recent decades, children’s well-being, particularly at school, has become a major political and academic issue that has gained importance both in public policy and in the social sciences. Well-being at School uncovers and discusses the different ways in which school well-being has been defined and evaluated, by outlining the international and interdisciplinary state of the art. It presents recent and diversified empirical evidence in different European and non-European countries, which bring together perspectives that have often been arbitrarily and artificially opposed in the literature: objective well-being versus subjective well-being; adult-centered perspective versus child-centered perspective; and analysis of family determinants versus analysis of school determinants of child well-being. This book’s originality lies in simultaneously considering the multiple dimensions of children’s well-being at school and understanding how these different determinants interact and combine, depending on the (geographical, social and family) contexts in which the children live
La santé mentale et le bien-être des collégiens et lycéens en France hexagonale : Résultats de l’Enquête nationale en collèges et en lycées chez les adolescents sur la santé et les substances
No full textL'Enquête nationale en collèges et en lycées chez les adolescents sur la santé et les substances (EnCLASS) est une enquête anonyme qui repose sur un questionnaire autoadministré en ligne. La collecte 2022 a eu lieu dans 147 collèges et 90 lycées de France hexagonale auprès de 11 886 élèves. Les indicateurs analysés dans cette publication concernent les perceptions et attitudes vis-à-vis de la santé mentale, des troubles psychiques ainsi que du bien-être des collégiens et/ou des lycéens. Les points clés des résultats observés sont les suivants : La majorité des élèves de collège et de lycée se perçoivent en bonne santé et sont satisfaits de leur vie actuelle. 59% des collégiens et 51% des lycéens présentent un bon niveau de bien-être mental ; 21 % des collégiens et 27 % des lycéens déclarent un sentiment de solitude ; la présence de plaintes somatiques et/ou psychologiques récurrentes concerne 51 % des collégiens et 58 % des lycéens ; 14 % des collégiens et 15 % des lycéens présentent un risque important de dépression ; 24 % des lycéens déclarent des pensées suicidaires au cours des 12 derniers mois, 13 % avoir déjà fait une tentative de suicide au cours de leur vie et environ 3 % une tentative avec hospitalisation ; la santé mentale et le bien-être des élèves se dégradent durant le collège et ne s'améliorent pas au lycée ; globalement, les filles présentent une santé mentale moins bonne et un niveau de bien-être moins élevé que les garçons ; sur la période 2018-2022, les collégiens et les lycéens ont connu une dégradation de leur santé mentale et de leur bien-être, plus marquée chez les filles
Looking for pathogens in dust from North Africa arriving in the French West Indies using metabarcoding and cultivable analysis
No full textInternational audiencePeriodically, the French West Indies receive dust originating from North Africa (NA). Microorganisms associated with desert dust can be transported over long distances through the atmosphere and could represent a means for the remote colonization of new habitats by putatively pathogenic microorganisms. The aim of this study was to determine the diversity and frequency of microbial agents (bacteria, eukaryotes) in NA dusts and the potential threat toward human and/or animal health by comparing microbial air composition during dust events and in control samples. In 2017 and 2018, 16 samples were collected during seven NA dust episodes and there were 9 controls. The microbial composition of the samples was characterized using a cultivable approach and by metabarcoding analyses (16S and 18S). A greater bacterial load and greater diversity were observed during the dust events, and some genera were significantly associated with the events. Some, such as Geodermatophilus, can be considered signature species of NA dust. No pathogenic species were found with the cultivable approach, whereas the metabarcoding analyses highlighted the presence of several potentially pathogenic species or known human pathogens such as Naegleria fowleri
Return to work and psychosocial trajectories after breast cancer: a longitudinal and sequential approach
No full textInternational audiencePurpose: We aimed to describe the psychosocial adjustments according to return to work (RTW) trajectories in breast cancer survivors (BCS) using a sequential and temporal approach.Methods: We used BCS data included from February 2015 to April 2016 in the Longitudinal Study on Behavioural, Economic and Sociological Changes after Cancer (ELCCA) cohort. RTW trajectories were identified using the sequence analysis method followed by a clustering. Anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the EORTC quality of life questionnaire was used at inclusion and all follow-up visits to assess Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL).Results: Fifty-two BCS were included in the study among whom four clusters of RTW trajectories were identified and labeled: slow RTW (N = 10), quick RTW (N = 27), partial RTW (N = 8), and part-time work (N = 7). Quick and slow RTW clusters showed slightly lower baseline mean levels of anxiety and higher levels of HRQoL. In the 4 years following diagnosis, BCS in the quick RTW cluster tended to report higher HRQoL in terms of functioning and less symptoms of pain and fatigue while those in the partial RTW cluster showed a lower HRQoL on almost all dimensions. All clusters showed an increase in pain and fatigue symptoms until 6 months followed by a tendency to recover baseline levels.Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that BCS who return to full-time work (slow and quick RTW patterns) recover better than patients who return to part-time work (partial and part-time RTW patterns)
Targeted and untargeted analysis of semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in indoor dust from 10 French sports halls
No full textInternational audienceThe indoor air quality of sports halls has been poorly studied so far. Within the QAI Sport project, dust samples collected in 10 sports halls were analysed for target and non-targeted SVOCs. The results show high concentration of SVOCs (> mg/g), particularly in dojos, mo-tricity rooms, and weight rooms. The most abundant substances were DiNP > DEHP> BBP> DiBP> TPP> EHDPP> TBEP> TDCPP > benzophenone. This contamination needs to be fur-ther investigated to evaluate if it is a public health issue
Well-being at school, an introduction
No full textIn recent decades, child well-being has become a key political and academic issue that has gained importance both in public policy and in the social sciences. It has historically been associated with a number of social and political variables: parenting practices and parental investment; quality of home life; the development of digital tools; and, crucially, a child’s school experiences, which form the core of children’s daily lives. Initially defined negatively – that is, as an absence of health problems, illness, or feelings of failure or low self-esteem – well-being has come to be viewed as a more positive concept.This more positive definition has also attempted to take better account of the child not just as an adult in the making, but as a being “in the present” with needs and expectations different from those of an adult, in light of the advances and findings of the new sociology of childhood. In this introduction, we will review the questions raised by the issue of well-being at school, before presenting this book’s contribution to understanding it. This book aims to address several aspects of the global issue of child and adolescent well-being at school, articulating several of the dimensions and factors involved. It takes an international perspective, with chapters devoted to countries as diverse as the United Kingdom, the United States, New Zealand, Australia, Belgium, and, more broadly, Europe, while giving a central place to France, which poses a series of original questions in this respect.In the first section, we have grouped together the authors who approach child and adolescent well-being at school from the angle of public policy, be it educational policy in the UK or New Zealand, or early childhood care policy in Europe more generally. This first section provides the reader with an overview of the issues at stake in terms of public policy, from the ways in which governments in the UK and New Zealand have responded to what has been seen as a deficit in the well-being in newer generations, to the ways in which, on a European scale, an early childcare policy has been imagined as an equalizer of inequalities and an instrument for combating child poverty, the main obstacle to the well-being of the new generations. The second section of the book shifts the focus to the French case, and takes a closer look at the environment, that is, the everyday context where children live their lives. It brings together contributions that examine the role of school-family relations on the well-being of girls and boys, both in primary and secondary school. The focus on France is particularly interesting here, as it is characterized both by a major investment of public funds in its education policy and by a level of pupil achievement far below this investment when compared on an international scale (particularly in the OECD’s PISA surveys).The third section enters the school setting and looks more specifically at the (socially differentiated) way in which peer relations or student-teacher relations affect children’s level of well-being, at school and in general, – and in doing so, their academic success. Despite the diverse geographical areas studied (USA, the UK, France and Portugal), the three chapters in this section underline the importance of the school climate, particularly for children from working-class backgrounds or in precarious situations. What’s more, they highlight the unequal importance of peer sociability or relationship quality, which depends on the child's gender, social background, and geographical context, thus underlining the need for a multidimensional, contextualized approach to well-being or ill-being, whether in terms of research or public policy
Associations de lutte contre les cancers du sein en Île-de-France : quelles implications auprès des femmes immigrées d’Afrique subsaharienne ?
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: The capacity of organizations to empower immigrants living in France and affected by illness has been clearly demonstrated in the field of HIV. In the field of breast cancer, it has been shown that associations play a role in the process of coming to terms with the disease and rebuilding the self, but little is known about the role of these associations in relation to immigrant women in France.Purpose of the research: This article examines the role of breast cancer associations in the specific pathways followed by women from sub-Saharan Africa seeking breast cancer treat-ment in the Île-de-France region. Using a mixed methodology (compilation of an unpublished database and semi-structured interviews), we quantified the number of associations present in Paris and the inner suburbs, and documented their accessibilityfor these women.Results: Between 1957 and 2021, 514 breast cancer associations were set up in Paris and the inner suburbs. The interviews revealed a lack of visibility and specificity for women fromsub-Saharan Africa.Conclusions: There are many cancer associations in the Île-de-France region, but they are not very approachable or adapted for women from sub-Saharan Africa. With a view to combating social inequalities in health, we recommend creating spaces of self-expression for these women, in order to support their journey through life, care, and reconstruction, all of which present specific challenges in their fight against the disease.Introduction : La capacité des associations à renforcer le pouvoir d’agir des personnes immigrées en France et touchées par la maladie a bien été montrée dans le champ du VIH. Dans le domaine des cancers du sein, il est reconnu que les espaces associatifs participent aux processus d’acceptation de la maladie et de la reconstruction de soi mais on sait peu de choses sur le rôle de ces associations auprès des femmes immigrées en France. But de l’étude : Cet article propose de documenter le rôle des associations de lutte contre les cancers du sein dans les parcours spécifiques de femmes venues d’Afrique subsaharienne pour soigner leur cancer du sein en Île-de-France. À l’aide d’une méthodologie mixte (constitution d’une base de données et réalisation d’entretiens semi-directifs), nous avons quantifié le nombre d’associations présentes à Paris et dans la petite couronne, et documenté leur accessibilité pour ces femmes. Résultats : En 2021, 514 associations de lutte contre les cancers du sein ont leur siège social à Paris et dans les départements de la petite couronne francilienne. Les entretiens ont révélé leur manque de visibilité et de spécificité pour les femmes originaires d’Afrique subsaharienne. Conclusions : Les associations de lutte contre les cancers sont très nombreuses en Île-de-France mais elles sont peu accessibles et peu adaptées aux femmes originaires d’Afrique subsaharienne. Dans une perspective de lutte contre les inégalités sociales de santé, nous recommandons de créer des espaces d’énonciation de soi pour ces femmes, afin de soutenir leur parcours de vie, de soins et de reconstruction qui présentent des spécificités dans leur lutte contre la maladie
Disparities in air pollution attributable mortality in the US population by race/ethnicity and sociodemographic factors
No full textInternational audienceThere are large differences in premature mortality in the USA by race/ethnicity, education, rurality and social vulnerability index groups. Using existing concentration-response functions, published particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution estimates, population estimates at the census tract level and county-level mortality data from the US National Vital Statistics System, we estimated the degree to which these mortality discrepancies can be attributed to differences in exposure and susceptibility to PM2.5. We show that differences in PM2.5-attributable mortality were consistently more pronounced by race/ethnicity than by education, rurality or social vulnerability index, with the Black American population having the highest proportion of deaths attributable to PM2.5 in all years from 1990 to 2016. Our model estimates that over half of the difference in age-adjusted all-cause mortality between the Black American and non-Hispanic white population was attributable to PM2.5 in the years 2000 to 2011. This difference decreased only marginally between 2000 and 2015, from 53.4% (95% confidence interval 51.2-55.9%) to 49.9% (95% confidence interval 47.8-52.2%), respectively. Our findings underscore the need for targeted air quality interventions to address environmental health disparities. Disparities in mortality attributable to PM2.5 air pollution was more pronounced by race/ethnicity than other sociodemographic factors such as education, rurality and social vulnerability index, according to population estimates using US Census data
Acceptabilité de la vaccination contre les papillomavirus chez les adolescents en France
No full textInternational audienc
GC-HRMS, dans une approche de criblage suspect multiplexée, pour une investigation étendue de l'espace chimique dans pour caractériser l'exposition interne humaine aux pesticides
No full textInternational audienceL'évaluation globale de l'exposition humaine aux pesticides est un élément clé pour relierl'exposition complexe de la vie réelle et l'impact sur la santé. Lorsque l'on aborde le conceptd'exposome humain, il est essentiel d'avoir une approche multi-angulaire pour obtenir la vue laplus large possible de l'exposition ubiquitaire, surtout pour une large classe de substances commeles pesticides.Nous proposons une approche de dépistage à grande échelle pour la caractérisation de l'expositioninterne humaine aux pesticides, basée sur le profilage par spectrométrie de masse haute résolution,dans le cadre du projet SCREENPEST (financement Ecophyto II, subvention OFB 20.0743)visant à développer un flux de travail analytique global harmonisé comprenant la préparation deséchantillons, la mesure instrumentale et le traitement des données, en utilisant des approchescomplémentaires (C18-LC-HRMS, HILIC-LC-HRMS et GC-HRMS). Ce travail présente ledéveloppement du GC-Orbitrap Q-Exactive (Thermo, Fischer Scientific).Nous avons établi une "liste de suspects" de 200 marqueurs de pesticides (composés parents etmétabolites) couvrant une large diversité structurale (LogKow [-4.71;8.38] et MM/g.mol-1[72;720]). Les pesticides sélectionnés ont été utilisés comme marqueurs QAQC dans deséchantillons d'urine humaine poolés en contrôle positif pour guider notre développementméthodologique et évaluer les performances des méthodes. Nous avons développé un flux detravail analytique harmonisé basé sur le GC-HRMS pour le dépistage simultané d'une largegamme de marqueurs liés aux pesticides avec des propriétés physico-chimiques diverses.Cette approche méthodologique innovante fournira des informations complémentaires surl'exposition aux pesticides des populations. Elle a été appliquée à des échantillons d'urine desétudes mère-enfant PELAGIE et NutriNet-Santé pour générer des données sur un large panel demarqueurs d'exposition (>1000) ainsi que des stratégies analytiques complémentaires (LC-HRMSen modes HILIC et RP) et pour tester leurs associations avec des critères de santé pertinents. Lesrésultats fournissent un soutien plus pertinent pour l'évaluation de l'exposition et la positiond'alerte précoce, en particulier sur les substances émergentes