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Étude sur les conditions favorables au télétravail des cadres de santé. Partie 2 : Management en subsidiarité et qualité désempêchée
No full textNational audienceLongtemps resté à la marge au sein des établissements de santé, le télétravail est aujourd'hui plébiscité par un nombre important de professionnels hospitaliers. Les cadres de santé, personnels d'encadrement à la frontière du soin et de la gestion, représentent une population pour laquelle le télétravail pourrait devenir une alternative compte tenu de certaines de leurs missions. Si certains établissements de santé ont commencé à le proposer aux cadres de santé, d'autres restent très frileux à cette idée prônant les missions en proximité du « manager de proximité ».Nous avons vu précédemment que le déploiement et la réussite de la mise en place du télétravail dépendent en particulier de la légitimation et du cadrage par le top management (cf partie 1 de l'article dans le précédent numéro) ; nous soulignons ici que la régulation d'un management en subsidiarité est déterminante pour permettre une expérience réussie et attractive du télétravail pour les cadres et qu'en retour celle-ci permet d'améliorer la qualité du travail à distance et sa mise en visibilité. Nous présentons quatre points : La question de la délégation des pouvoirs d'agir et des responsabilisations ; la mise en visibilité de l'activité du cadre de santé ; le télétravail comme facteur de qualité désempêchée ; la qualité reconnue du travail à distance comme levier d'autosatisfactio
De la dépendance à l’autonomie, petite généalogie d’un secteur de l’action publique et sociale Séminaire « Autonomie(s) » séance 7
No full textNational audienceEn France, depuis plus de soixante ans, la notion d'« autonomie » fait son chemin dans le vocabulaire de l'action publique. La création de la cinquième branche de la sécurité sociale, la branche « Autonomie », est le témoin majeur le plus récent de la progressive installation de ce terme et des projets socio-politiques dont il est porteur. Il s'agit pourtant d'une notion plurielle, qui reste floue, et dont l'usage est contesté par de nombreux acteurs du champ ainsi que par les personnes dont « l'autonomie » est en question. Cette séance s'intéresse aux processus d'institutionnalisation de cette notion dans le champ de l'action publique française et aux réactions contrastées que celle-ci a engendré
Glossaire de santé environnementale: 40 notions pour connaître, comprendre et protéger la santé des populations dans leur environnement
No full textInternational audienceLes maladies peuvent être d’origine environnementale, tout comme des bienfaits pour la santé sont apportés par la connexion avec l’environnement. Cette relation entre santé et environnement est devenue un champ scientifique à part entière, impliquant diverses sciences et dimensions. Ce glossaire explore cette relation, abordant des termes essentiels comme perturbateurs endocriniens, xénobiotiques, antibiorésistance et santé planétaire.Destiné aux étudiants, professionnels de santé publique, collectivités et citoyens, il offre une compréhension approfondie des agents biologiques, chimiques et physiques, ainsi que des concepts clés tels que l’exposome et la gestion des risques. Avec des contributions d’experts en épidémiologie, toxicologie et sociologie, ce livre fournit les outils nécessaires pour appréhender les enjeux actuels et futurs de la santé environnementale
Psychosocial Factors and Quality of Life of Portuguese Adolescents With Chronic Conditions – Increased Risk for Victims of Bullying
No full textInternational audienceThe experience of living with a chronic condition (CC) impacts adolescents’ psychologicaland social adjustment and overall functioning. Considering the increased risk ofpsychosocial challenges among adolescents with CC, this study aimed to enhance ourunderstanding of the psychological and social factors that impact their quality of life. Italso compared the psychological and social variables among (a) adolescents with andwithout CC and (b) adolescents with CC who are and who are not victims of bullying.The results demonstrated that adolescents with CC showed more psychosocialdifficulties than their peers, as they more frequently reported involvement in situationsof violence, and demonstrated more difficulties at a psychological and emotional level.Further, being victims of bullying increased the psychosocial vulnerabilities of theseadolescents. A better quality of life was associated with the following psychosocialfactors: not being a victim of bullying or cyberbullying, having less anxiety and fewerdepressive symptoms, liking school, receiving more support from family and friends,having better relationships with peers, and having fewer physical and psychologicalsymptoms. These findings are significant for helping schools develop tools andstrategies to address violence and support students with CC, who are at a higher riskof being involved in such situations and require a targeted response.Page 2129Cerqueira et al.Continuity in EducationDOI: 10.5334/cie.131CHARACTERISTICS OF ADOLESCENTS WITH CHRONIC DISEASESChronic or non-communicable diseases are characterized by the need for monitoring andmanagement throughout the life cycle, as they are long-lasting health conditions witha generally slow progression (World Health Organization [WHO], 2018 , 2020). The term“chronic disease” encompasses diverse health conditions with considerable variation (Bernell& Howard, 2016). For example, Stein et al. (1993) defined chronic conditions (CC) as healthissues stemming from biological, psychological, or cognitive factors, persisting for at leastone year and resulting in one or more of the following outcomes: developmental limitations,heightened reliance on third-party assistance, medication, or medical device dependence, andnecessitating continuous medical care and treatment.The experience of living with a CC tends to have psychological and social repercussions (Butleret al., 2018; Runions et al., 2020 ), affecting psychosocial adjustment and functioning (Gasparet al., 2019; Malkowska-Szkutnik & Mazur, 2019; Mullins et al., 2017; Runions et al., 2020; Secintiet al., 2017; Sentenac et al., 2022 ; van der Sprenkel et al., 2022). In terms of psychologicalfunctioning, a diagnosis of CC may be associated with situations of stress, anxiety, anddepression, among other problems (Revenson & Hoyt, 2016). Therefore, adolescents with CChave a higher risk of developing mental health problems (Butler et al., 2018 ; Runions et al.,2020).Regarding social functioning, adolescents with CC exhibit an increased risk of involvement inbullying situations (Faith et al., 2015 ; Haegele & Zhu, 2023; Jackson et al., 2019 ; James et al.,2022; Pinquart, 2017; Pittet et al., 2010; Runions et al., 2021; Sentenac et al., 2011). Bullying isan aggressive and offensive behavior perpetuated for a continued period towards individualswho are at a disadvantage compared to the perpetrator of this behavior (Hellström et al.,2021). It is common among adolescents with subsequent consequences and repercussions ontheir physical health, psychosocial functioning, and academic performance (Arslan et al., 2021;Chudal et al., 2021 ; Eyuboglu et al., 2021 ; González-Cabrera et al., 2020 ; Jackson et al., 2019;Koyanagi et al., 2019; Li et al., 2022).Adolescents with CC also tend to experience more difficulties in school than their peers(Cerqueira, Gaspar, et al., 2022 ; James et al., 2022 ; Kirkpatrick, 2020 ; Malkowska-Szkutnik &Mazur, 2019). Specifically, a CC influences various aspects of a student’s life, such as academicsuccess, school attendance, relationships with teachers and peers, and participation in differentsocial contexts (Kirkpatrick, 2020; Nap-van der Vlist et al., 2020 , 2021; Runions et al., 2020 ;Schlebusch et al., 2020; Schlecht et al., 2023).A study by Sentenac et al. (2022) that analyzed the school experience across differentdimensions (including peer victimization) of adolescents from 19 European countries foundthat students with CC had higher levels of negative school experiences than their peers. Thisincluded school absenteeism resulting from the specificities of the existing health conditionand lack of support appropriately adjusted to their needs (Malkowska-Szkutnik & Mazur, 2019;Pittet et al., 2010; Runions et al., 2020, 2021; Sentenac et al., 2013; Taylor et al., 2008).Adolescents’ well-being is influenced by their family, school, and peer group, which caneither support or threaten their health and well-being (Butler et al., 2022). Promoting schoolbelonging and building positive relationships with peers and teachers can significantly impactadolescents’ overall well-being. That is, positive relationships create a sense of belonging andsecurity which, in turn, contribute to a more fulfilling experience during the formative years(Buratta et al., 2023; Kirkpatrick, 2020).With regard to bullying, in addition to the type of dynamics and the quality of relationshipsexisting in the school environment, it is essential to consider the influence of the family andpeer group environments on adolescents’ involvement in bullying (Ahmed et al., 2022; Biswaset al., 2022; Marini et al., 2023; Pouwels & Garandeau, 2021; Thornberg et al., 2022).The level of participation of adolescents with CC in the different contexts of their lives (e.g.,school, family, peer group) also affects their quality of life and well-being (Cerqueira, Gaspar etal., 2022; Cerqueira, Guedes, Marques-pinto et al., 2022). In fact, a higher risk of impairments inor barriers to social participation and the physical and psychological characteristics associatedwith their existing health condition are some of the factors that can contribute to a greaterpropensity of these students to be victims of bullying (Pinquart, 2017)
Impact of text‐only versus large text‐and‐picture alcohol warning formats: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study in French young male drinkers
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Although the World Health Organization recommends visible and clear warning labels about the risks of alcohol consumption on containers and advertising, many of the currently used labels are too small to be visible. This study investigated the brain activity (using fMRI) and alcohol consumption intentions of French young men exposed to two warning formats displayed on alcoholic beverage advertisements: a small Text-only Alcohol Warning (TAW) currently used in many countries, and a larger text-and-picture alcohol warning (PAW).Methods: Seventy-four eligible 18-25-year-old male drinkers completed a face-to-face individual visit with a physician expert in addiction medicine. This was followed by the fMRI session during which they viewed 288 stimuli [96 alcohol advertisements with TAWs, the same 96 advertisements with PAWs, and 96 water advertisements (controls)] for 3 s each. If the advertisement made participants want (\"yes\")/do not want (\"no\") to consume the product, they pressed the corresponding button (self-report responses). The number of \"yes\" responses was compared between advertisement types with a paired sample t-test. Whole-brain and region-of-interest (ROI) analyses of the fMRI data were performed.Results: Whole-brain BOLD fMRI highlighted contrasting effects of PAWs and TAWs. Compared with TAWs, PAWs elicited more activation in the precuneus, angular gyrus, occipital, frontal and temporal areas, and less activation in the nucleus accumbens, ventral tegmental areas, and putamen areas (regions of the reward circuit). The ROI analysis confirmed less activation in the reward circuit (left and right ventral tegmental areas, left and right nucleus accumbens) when viewing PAWs than TAWs. Analysis of the self-report responses indicated that the desire to consume the advertised alcohol product was lower when PAWs were viewed (compared with TAWs) (T = 8.18, p < 10-11).Conclusions: This is the first fMRI study to assess the effect of different alcohol warning formats. Our findings show that compared with TAWs, stronger PAWs in advertisements elicited less activity in key regions of the reward system. This suggests that the effects may influence the desire to consume alcohol products (self-report response analysis). These results could help policymakers who are interested in developing more effective labeling measures that target young people
Modelling the Relative Vaccine Efficacy of ARCT-154, a Self-Amplifying mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine, versus BNT162b2 Using Immunogenicity Data
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Self-amplifying mRNA vaccines have the potential to increase the magnitude and duration of protection against COVID-19 by boosting neutralizing antibody titers and cellular responses. Methods: In this study, we used the immunogenicity data from a phase 3 randomized trial comparing the immunogenicity of ARCT-154, a self-amplifying mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, with BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine to estimate the relative vaccine efficacy (rVE) of the two vaccines over time in younger (<60 years) and older (≥60 years) adults. Results: By day 181 post-vaccination, the rVE against symptomatic and severe Wuhan-Hu-1 disease was 9.2–11.0% and 1.2–1.5%, respectively, across age groups whereas the rVE against symptomatic and severe Omicron BA.4/5 disease was 26.8–48.0% and 5.2–9.3%, respectively, across age groups. Sensitivity analysis showed that varying the threshold titer for 50% protection against severe disease up to 10% of convalescent sera revealed incremental benefits of ARCT-154 over BNT162b2, with an rVE of up to 28.0% against Omicron BA.4/5 in adults aged ≥60 year. Conclusions: Overall, the results of this study indicate that ARCT-154 elicits broader and more durable immunogenicity against SARS-CoV-2, translating to enhanced disease protection, particularly for older adults against Omicron BA.4/5
Kinetic analysis of Tris(chloropropyl)phosphate (TCPP) emission from fireproofed upholstered furniture under realistic indoor conditions
No full textInternational audienceThis study deals with the emission kinetic of TCPP from a source material under realistic in-door conditions. The analysis is based on the results of a measurement campaign carried out over a period of almost one year in two rooms after introduction of fireproofed upholstered furniture where the gaseous concentration at the material surface (y°) and airborne concentra-tion (Ca) were regularly measured. Basing on data, the emission rate was estimated at 8 μg.m-2.h-1 on average with no decline trend observed after about one year’s emission. The released mass of TCPP over one year represented about 0.2% of the initial content of TCPP in the ma-terial. A model was developed to provide predictions on the long-term trend in TCPP emis-sion from the source material. The simulations showed that the TCPP emission persists over long periods of time (several years) with the same intensity level under indoor condition
Dépistage du cancer du sein chez les personnes atteintes de la sclérose en plaques
No full textNational audienc
Shared human papillomavirus vaccine readiness within families: A psychometric analysis of parent–adolescent dyads in France.
No full textInternational audienceBackground: In France, uptake of the recommended human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination remains low. The vaccine cannot be administered without parental consent, but studies have shown that adolescents can make informed decisions about their health. We aimed at understanding the weight of adolescents' vaccination intention in parents' vaccination decision, using data from parent-adolescent dyads collected at baseline of a randomized trial of vaccine promotion interventions.Method: About 649 parent-adolescent dyads from 61 middle schools in France independently completed an online questionnaire on their knowledge and attitudes toward HPV vaccination, structured around the seven psychological domains of vaccine readiness (VR). We used multivariate and path analyses to understand the family decision-making process.Results: HPV vaccination was reported by 50.1% of adolescents and 45.5% of parents. Individual antecedents of VR were poorly correlated within dyads (r = .14-.36). Vaccine intentionality among parents of girls depended both on their own VR (β = .53, p < .001) and on their daughters' vaccine intention (β = .25, p < .001). But among parents of boys, vaccine intention depended only on their own VR (β = .72, p < .001). Adolescents' VR depended more strongly on the social environment's attitude among boys than among girls (β = .54 vs. .34, p < .01).Conclusions: The defined model showed shared decision processes between parents and adolescent girls, but not boys, which can be understood in the context of a recent expansion of HPV vaccination to boys. Beyond this, it suggests that promotion targeting adolescents and their social environment can have a positive influence on parental intentions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04945655
La mission du COVARS : comment anticiper les risques sanitaires dans une vision « Une seule Santé » de l’exposome
No full textInternational audienceAujourd’hui, nul ne peut occulter la multiplicité des risques pour la santé humaine. La veille et l’anticipation des risques sanitaires nécessitent d’être considérées dans le cadre d’expositions multiples sous le prisme de l’approche dite «Une seule Santé» ou «One Health». Ces risques engendrant des coûts humains, sociétaux et économiques considérables nécessitent une anticipation, une prévention et une préparation permanentes