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Omnibus diagnostic procedures for vector multiplicative errors models
No full textInternational audienceWe suggest specification tests for the conditional mean function in vector multiplicative error models. The test statistics are easy to compute given a suitable estimator of the model parameters. Consistency of the test statistic is proved, the asymptotic distribution of the test under the null hypothesis is studied, while a bootstrap resampling is used in order to approximate critical points and actually carry out the test. Finite-sample results are presented as well as applications of the proposed procedures to real data from the financial markets
Blood Sample Preparation for Human Chemical Exposomics: Insights from Large-Scale Applications
No full textInternational audienceLiquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) enables profiling of hundreds of externally derived chemicals and their metabolites in human biofluids to capture the internal chemical exposome. Nevertheless, developing sensitive and robust high-throughput methodologies to scale up exposomics remains challenging. We compared two validated sample preparation methods (SPMs) based on protein precipitation (PPT) and PPT combined with phospholipid removal (PLR) in two cohorts using blood plasma (n = 109) and serum (n = 75) to assess their impact on LC-HRMS repeatability and chemical coverage. Additional filtration on PLR plates allowed the injection of extracts twice concentrated without affecting LC-HRMS repeatability. The comparison of chemical coverage between SPMs was then assessed using 184 compounds (including a large variety of exogenous chemicals) annotated with a suspect screening strategy. Most chemicals (78-86%) were detected with both SPMs, but a substantial fraction showed preferential (>2-fold, 37-50%) or exclusive (14-22%) detection with one SPM, reflecting differences in matrix effects and/or recoveries. Low-abundance chemicals were more sensitive to the choice of SPM, though no predictive trends related to physicochemical properties emerged, likely due to higher analytical uncertainty. Overall, both SPMs provided acceptable chemical coverage for large-scale exposomics. Nonetheless, the compound-dependent nature of detection highlights the value of applying complementary SPMs when feasible
Les risques en santé-environnement et la transition du système de santé : analyse de la mise en oeuvre du basculement vers un système de santé préventif comme levier de décarbonation et de résilience du système de santé face aux enjeux environnementaux actuels et émergents
No full textThis work poses the hypothesis that the sustainability and transition of the healthcare system ought to rely on an improved preventive consideration of environmental risk factors.To prioritize issues in decision-making, three environmental health determinants are identified as priorities based on their socioeconomic costs: noise (€147 billion/year), air pollution (€130 billion/year), nutrition (€20 billion/year), and physical activity (€140 billion/year). Added to this are the major fundamental issues related to climate change and biodiversity loss.The overview of evaluations of existing public policies addressing these environmental factors shows that, except for air pollution, existing regulations and policies are not achieving their objectives.To improve these environmental public policies, the cross-referencing of multiple data sources aims to identify effective multi-sectoral interventions (air, noise, physical activity/mobility).The feasibility of implementing such interventions will be explored through a survey on the implementation challenges of the Rennes Metropole Low Emissions-Mobility Zone. The need to develop a tool for assessing the differentiated social and societal impacts of environmental policies is imperative.Finally, improving environmental quality as a preventive and sustainability lever for the health system requires broader reflection on the internalization of negative externalities and our relationship to economic growth, and therefore on the evolution of GDP and our value systemsCes travaux posent l’hypothèse que la soutenabilité et la transition du système de santé devront s’appuyer sur une amélioration de la prise en compte préventive des facteurs de risques environnementaux.Afin de prioriser les enjeux pour l’aide à la décision, trois déterminants de santé-environnements sont identifiés comme prioritaires selon leur coût socioéconomique : le bruit (147Md€/an), la pollution de l’air (130 Md€/an), la nutrition (20 Md€/an) et l’activité physique (140 Md€/an). S’y ajoutent les enjeux de fonds majeurs liés au changement climatique et à la perte de biodiversité.Le panorama des évaluations des politiques publiques existantes traitants de ces facteurs environnementaux montre qu’hormis pour la pollution de l’air, les réglementations et politiques existantes n’atteignent pas leurs objectifs.Afin d’améliorer ces politiques publiques environnementales, de multiples sources de données ont été croisées pour identifier des interventions probantes multisectorielles et synergiques (air-bruit-activité physique/mobilité).La faisabilité de telles interventions est explorée par une enquête sur les enjeux de mise en oeuvre de la Zone à Faibles Emissions-mobilité de Rennes Métropole. La nécessité d’un outil d’évaluation des effets sociaux et sociétaux différenciés des politiques environnementales s’impose pour en améliorer la cohérence, l’acceptabilité, l’équité et la pérennité.Enfin, l’amélioration de la qualité des environnementaux comme levier préventif et de soutenabilité du système de santé impose une réflexion plus large sur l’internalisation des externalités négatives et notre rapport à la croissance économique, donc sur l’évolution du PIB et de nos systèmes de valeurs
Long-term impact of PM2.5 on mortality is exacerbated when wildfire events occur
No full textInternational audienc
Santé-environnement. Vers une éthique écologique des soins : repenser nos responsabilités en santé
No full textInternational audienc
Présence du tabac dans les films et consommation tabagique chez les jeunes.
No full textInternational audienceThe presence of tobacco in films and TV series remains widespread, despite its proven impact on the initiation of smoking among young people. In addition to films, platforms massively distribute these images, influencing adolescents, whose risk of starting to smoke is multiplied by two to three after exposure. Social media amplifies this phenomenon. In response to this observation, measures have been proposed: film classification, health warnings, and awareness-raising among film professionals and platforms. However, total censorship is contested in the name of artistic freedom. The challenge is to reconcile public health and creative freedom to achieve the goal of a tobacco-free generation by 2032.La représentation du tabac au cinéma et dans les séries reste très fréquente, en dépit de son impact prouvé sur l’initiation au tabagisme des jeunes. Outre les films, les plateformes diffusent massivement ces images, influençant les adolescents, dont le risque de commencer à fumer est multiplié par deux à trois après exposition. Les réseaux sociaux amplifient ce phénomène. Face à ce constat, des mesures sont proposées : classification des films, avertissements sanitaires, sensibilisation des professionnels du cinéma et des plateformes de diffusion. Cependant, la censure totale est contestée au nom de la liberté artistique. L’enjeu est de concilier santé publique et liberté créative pour atteindre l’objectif d’une génération sans tabac d’ici à 2032
Complément +: Comment les industriels façonnent nos comportements de santé : le poids des déterminants commerciaux
No full textInternational audienc
Cool routes: Assessing how green space and paved paths modify heat's effects on urban bicycling
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Understanding how heat’s effect on bicycling varies spatially across the urban environment can inform who may be bicycling in the heat and how urban-planning measures can improve thermal comfort for bicyclists. Objective: We estimated effects of heat on recreational and commute bicycling in Denver, Colorado, USA using city-wide, finely resolved bicycling data and assessed heterogeneity in effects by area-level social vulnerability and proximity to the city center and whether off-street paths and green-space measures, if intervened upon, modify these effects.Methods: From Strava Metro, we obtained daily data on recreational and commute bicycling in Denver on each street segment (N = 218,641) during the summer months of 2019–2023. We estimated effects of hot (95–99 ◦F [35–37 ◦C]) and very hot (100–104 ◦F [38–40 ◦C]) temperature on daily bicycling using model-based standardization, controlling for temporally varying confounders. We assessed effect heterogeneity by area-level social vulnerability and proximity to the city center. To assess effect modification by intervention (defined in text) of paved paths and green-space measures, we additionally controlled for social vulnerability and proximity to the urban core.Results: Heat’s attenuating effects on recreational and commute bicycling were stronger in central Denver but did not differ across area-level social vulnerability. Heat’s attenuating effects were somewhat weaker on off-street paths and considerably weaker in greener areas and near blue space.Conclusions: Results support the provision of paved paths and access to green and blue space to support bicycling during hot weathe
Studying APAP metabolism in a cohort of intoxicated patients using HRMS-based profiling: detection of catechol and delayed thiomethyl metabolites
No full textInternational audienceAcetaminophen (APAP) overdose is one of the most important causes of drug-induced liver injury worldwide. Hepatotoxicity induced by APAP is mainly caused by the production of N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), a highly reactive intermediate. Although, the medical management of APAP intoxication is well known, research is still ongoing to identify markers that could help to predict adverse issues after APAP intoxication. In this study, we aimed to study APAP biotransformation pathways in a cohort of patients with proven acute APAP intoxication to identify new biomarkers using state-of-the-art high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) methodologies that could help improve the diagnosis of intoxication as well as patient follow-up. We used a cohort of 37 patients whom blood plasma samples were stratified according to the collection time after APAP intoxication. Our results showed that direct phase II metabolites from glucuronidation and sulfation pathways remain the main markers of APAP consumption. Our study also revealed that several oxidative pathways produce significant metabolites (including catechol ones) that could also help to monitor the intoxication and the elimination of the hepatotoxic NAPQI. In particular, significant levels of thiomethyl metabolites derived from the glutathione-NAPQI conjugates could be detected with a delay in their kinetics of appearance
Octobre rose : et si on parlait aussi du dépistage chez les femmes atteintes d’une maladie chronique, comme la sclérose en plaques ?
No full textThe conversationEn France, moins d’une femme sur deux éligibles au dépistage du cancer du sein a recours au dispositif de prévention mis en place par l’Assurance maladie. « Octobre rose » est l’occasion d’alerter sur les obstacles au dépistage pour celles qui vivent avec une maladie chronique et/ou en situation de handicap. Une étude analyse ainsi les difficultés rencontrées par les femmes atteintes d’une sclérose en plaques