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How to develop a regional supportive environment for school health promotion: Evidence from a multiple case realist evaluation
No full textThis working paper presents the evaluation of a school health promotion intervention using the realist evaluation framework. It looks at an intervention developed and tailored to the French context and implemented from 2008 to 2011 in 6 sites across France. This intervention aimed to develop a supportive environment for school health promotion through the implementation of local support services; the provision of training and support for schools; the improvement of the health promotion knowledge of local stakeholders; and the development of local partnerships.A realist evaluation approach was chosen for its potential to deal with the complexity of such intervention and for acknowledging the importance of context. A multiple methods approach was used. Data was collected through literature reviews and from interviews, focus groups as well as written documents. A multiple case-study design was used considering each site as a case.Carried out about fifteen years ago, our findings are still relevant in the current context of the implementation of a Health Promoting School approach at the national level (since 2018). They highlight the configurations allowing the development of health promotion supportive environments for schoolsat intermediate level and should inform public health and education policy makers and practitioners. It also discusses the idea that generalising an intervention requires being cautious about the interaction between the intervention and the context in which it is developed to trigger the mechanisms that would ensure success.Moreover, this study also provides methodological insights to use a realistic evaluation framework to assess the implementation of complex social interventions such as school health promotion ones. Indeed, using a realist evaluation approach is a complex, lengthy and time-consuming process that can be complicated for non-specialists to understand. Three main challenges are then discussed: the definition of the core components of the realist framework, the construction of the Context-Mechanism-Effect configurations and the issue of making the realist evaluation framework and its results accessible to all stakeholders
Motor Vehicle Crashes during Wildfire Smoke Events in California (2010-2020)
No full textInternational audienc
Understanding urban climate-resilient cyclists: A solution to reducing individual motorized transport
No full textInternational audienc
Determinants of retinopathy and short-term neurological outcomes after cerebral malaria
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Neurological abnormalities are frequent after cerebral malaria (CM) resolves. The identification of survivors that should be prioritized during follow-up after CM is necessary for post-hospitalization care. We analysed social, clinical, and immune determinants of malarial retinopathy (MR) and short-term neurological outcomes after CM. Children aged 24 to 71 months with CM were prospectively followed-up until 28 days after admission at two hospitals in Benin. Direct ophthalmoscopy was performed shortly after admission. Plasma biomarkers were measured at admission. A neurocognitive deficit screener was administered at discharge and 21–28 days after admission. Of 70 children, 20 died before discharge (28.6%). Neurological deficits decreased from 100% on admission to 48.9% at discharge, and to 16.7% at 21–28 days after admission. MR was found in 58% of children. In multivariate analysis, factors associated with MR were a traditional consultation before admission and study site. In addition, neurological deficits were associated with MR (Odds Ratio 5.54 95% CI (1.30–23.54)). In univariate analysis, higher plasma levels of angiopoietin-2 were associated with neurological deficit at discharge and at days 21–28 post-admission. Therefore, MR and endothelium activation may be markers of neurological deficit, the former at hospital discharge and the latter at discharge and at D21–D28 post-admission
Psychometric properties of the Feeling of Unsafety Scale—Arabic in general population adults
No full textInternational audienceBackground Feelings of unsafety, including fear of crime, uncertainty, or insecurity, can negatively impact individuals by reducing psychological well-being and worsening health. Validating a simple and cost-effective tool to assess the general feeling of unsafety in the Arabic-speaking population, primarily residing in the Middle-East and North-Africa (MENA) region where safety can be a major concern, would be highly beneficial. The study aimed to translate the Feeling of Unsafety Scale into Arabic (FUSA) and evaluate its psychometric properties, including internal reliability, sex invariance, composite reliability, and correlation with a measure of intolerance of uncertainty. Methods A total of 484 Arabic-speaking adults was recruited between March and April 2024. A self-administered anonymous survey was distributed through social media using a Google Forms link. We used the FACTOR software to conduct the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the FUSA scale and RStudio for the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results The confirmatory factor analysis of the unidimensional model was poor; the EFA conducted on the first split subsample showed a two-factor solution, with the CFA conducted on the second split subsample showing good fit. The latter model fit indices improved even more after adding a correlation between items 2–5 due to high modification indices. The reliability of the scale was excellent as shown by the McDonald’s omega and Cronbach’s alpha values for the total score ( ω = 0.89 and α = 0.90), Factor 1 = Feeling of outdoor unsafety (ω = 0.91 and α = 0.91) and Factor 2 = Feeling of indoor unsafety (ω = 0.83 and α = 0.83). Invariance was established between males and females. Good concurrent validity was attested by positive correlations between FUSA scores and intolerance of uncertainty dimensions. Conclusion The FUSA was found to be reliable, valid, and cost-effective for measuring the general feeling of unsafety in the general population. To evaluate its practical effectiveness and further enhance data on its construct validity, future studies should assess the scale in diverse contexts and among specific populations
Interlaboratory Performance Study of Cyanobacteria DNA Reference Materials Using a qPCR Format for Monitoring Cyanobacterial Blooms
No full textInternational audienceDigital PCR (dPCR) has increasingly been used as a primary measurement method for the characterization of nucleic acid reference materials. Nucleic acid reference materials are particularly useful when used for the validation and calibration of quantitative PCR (qPCR). In this study, we describe the development and characterization of Cyanobacteria DNA reference materials (RM) using dPCR. An international interlaboratory study involving 14 laboratories was conducted using the Cyanobacteria DNA RM in combination with a lyophilized PCR reagent designed for the monitoring of Cyanobacteria bloom events. Of the 55 scored study results obtained using qPCR‐based techniques, 62% were within the 8% relative expanded uncertainty based on dPCR measurements, while 100% of the study results returned satisfactory z scores calculated using a set performance coefficient of variation equivalent to one Ct value. The study participants' results indicate that the cyanobacteria DNA RM is fit for the purpose of method validation and quality control of the qPCR format used for monitoring toxic cyanobacteria algae bloom events. Most importantly, the study results demonstrated that the use of standardized reagents combined with highly characterized nucleic acid RMs allows qPCR‐based DNA quantification technology to reach levels of accuracy and reproducibility comparable to those achieved with digital PCR technology
Représentations et perceptions des parlementaires français concernant l’industrie de l’alcool et la politique du prix minimum par unité. Une étude exploratoire qualitative
No full textInternational audienc
Coordination et performance des blocs opératoires
No full textNational audienceLes blocs opératoires représentent une composante cruciale des structures hospitalières, combinant des enjeux médicaux, financiers et organisationnels. Leur coordination, au cœur de leur performance, repose sur des interactions complexes entre des équipes multidisciplinaires aux objectifs parfois divergents. Les auteurs ont mené une étude qui s’inscrit dans une démarche d’analyse approfondie des facteurs humains influençant cette coordination. En mobilisant des cadres théoriques éprouvés et une méthodologie qualitative comparative, elle vise à identifier des leviers organisationnels et managériaux pour optimiser la performance des blocs opératoires tout en intégrant la dimension humaine au cœur de ces systèmes
High-throughput screening to identify endocrine disruptors: Contribution of low-resolution tandem MS and high-resolution MS
No full textInternational audienceTelomere shortening ultimately causes replicative senescence. However, identifying the mechanisms driving replicative senescence in cell populations is challenging due to the heterogeneity of telomere lengths and the asynchrony of senescence onset. Here, we present a mathematical model of telomere shortening and replicative senescence in Saccharomyces cerevisiae which is quantitatively calibrated and validated using data of telomerase-deficient single cells. Simulations of yeast populations, where cells with varying proliferation capacities compete against each other, show that the distribution of telomere lengths of the initial population shapes population growth, especially through the distribution of cells’ shortest telomere lengths. We also quantified how factors influencing cell viability independently of telomeres can impact senescence rates. Overall, we demonstrate a temporal evolution in the composition of senescent cell populations—from a state directly linked to critically short telomeres to a state where senescence onset becomes stochastic. This population structure may promote genome instability and facilitate senescence escape
What are parents' preferences for Human Papillomavirus vaccination promotion messages and communication? Application of a discrete choice experiment to a French Caribbean setting
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake in the French Caribbean has remained below 25% since introduction in 2007, which is well behind national and international targets. Using a discrete choice experiment (DCE), we explored parental preferences around HPV vaccination and optimized communication content in a sample of parents of middle-school pupils in Guadeloupe. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey in public and private middle age schools in Guadeloupe in June 2023 using an online questionnaire. Across a series of nine hypothetical scenarios, participants were asked to decide to vaccinate or not and how certain they were about this choice. Scenarios differed by five attributes (diseases characteristics, vaccine safety, health professionals or institutions promoting vaccination, social conformity and optimal vaccination age). We used random effect logit and linear regression models to estimate the effects of attribute levels on vaccine acceptance and vaccine eagerness. Results: A total of 389 parents out of the 23,184 pupils’ parents completed the DCE survey. The attributes with a significant effect size on theoretical vaccine acceptance were "social conformity" and "optimal vaccination age”. Overall, the odds of scenarios stating high vaccine coverage in adolescents were at least 1.8 (95% CI: 1.2—2.6) times more likely to yield theoretical vaccine acceptance compared to a low vaccine uptake reference. The odds of providing scientific explanation along with age yielded theoretical vaccination acceptance respectively up to 3.2 times higher (95% CI: 1.7 to 6.1) in parents reporting an un vaccinated child and not intention to vaccinate. For vaccine eagerness, we observe significant positive effects of communication content overall when stating high vaccination uptake in adolescents or scientific evidence along with age or mentioning cancer prevention. Parents always refusing vaccination remained unsensitive to communication contents. Discussion and conclusion: These original DCE results highlighted the need for tailoring specific HPV vaccination promotion communication in a French Caribbean setting. Contextual features such as sexuality concerns as regard to age and peers’ adhesion to vaccination have to be thoroughly considered. The nationwide HPV vaccination campaign in middle schools should adapt communication in order to raise HPV vaccine uptake in the French Caribbean