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Introduction générale. L’École et le politique : pour un renouveau pluridisciplinaire des analyses
No full textThree-dimensional microphone array for the reconstruction of compact dipole aeroacoustic sources with spatially varying orientation
No full textInternational audienceThis work investigates, using a microphone array, the localization of aeroacoustic sources resulting from the interaction of a flow with rods. In similar investigations in the literature, arrays often have a planar geometry and the spatial region in which acoustic sources are searched is a plane parallel to that of the array. However, the sources are not always distributed in such a plane. Moreover, aeroacoustic sources resulting from flow-obstacle interaction are often dipoles, and for some complex geometries, the dipoles' orientation can vary in space, such as for curved obstacles or arrangements of rods with different orientations. In order to identify such dipoles, this work uses a three-dimensional array composed of four flat arrays, forming a tunnel of 1024 microphones around the open vein of an anechoic wind tunnel. Microphone signals are processed by an inverse beamforming technique to identify equivalent dipole sources producing the measured sound field at the array, using classical Tikhonov regularization. Taking advantage of the acoustic compactness of the cross-section of the rods located in the flow, the dipoles are sought along the axis of the rods, with a spacing of the order of the vortex shedding coherence length. The technique does not require any prior assumption on dipole orientation. Results from simulated or experimental data are presented to assess the effectiveness of the method, in the cases of a rectilinear rod and a bended rod forming a ring
Application of the new Check-Sort-Push mechanism in the iRPC subsystem for the CMS Phase-2 upgrade
No full textInternational audienceBackend electronics (BEE) commonly employ a highspeed link to provide both fast and slow control to frontend electronics (FEE). In addition, the backend is responsible for trigger preprocessing and data readout. Typically, this high-speed link is shared by many frontend channels. Under such conditions, the processing time in the BEE for channels with lower readout priority varies significantly, especially in scenarios with high hit rate. This variability results in unpredictable or even unacceptable processing latency for demultiplexing and trigger preprocessing, even when zero-suppression and multiplexing are applied in FEE before data transmission. This paper addresses these issues through emulation study and proposes the Check-Sort-Push (CSP) mechanism as a solution. The necessity and advantages of this proposal are demonstrated using simulation andemulation under high hit rate conditions. An implementation in firmware is presented. Finally, the application of the CSP mechanism in the improved Resistive Plate Chamber (iRPC) system for CMS Phase-2 upgrade will be discussed, along with analysis results based on test beam data
Marsilius of Padua
No full textPublished online in The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2026/01/28 https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/marsilius-padua
« Des collectes de mémoires à la nostalgie des mondes à venir. Recueillir, inventorier, archiver en temps de crise »
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Liquidations et redressements judiciaires : comment les juges consulaires hiérarchisent les défaillances d’entreprises
No full textInternational audienceThis article contributes to understanding a form of normative rationalization in judicial action and extends Legal Consciousness Studies by shifting its focus: the plurality of relationships to law concerns not only the litigants but also the judges themselves.Résumé En France, les juges consulaires – des chefs d’entreprises élus par leurs pairs – occupent une position centrale dans le traitement des défaillances d’entreprises. À partir d’une enquête ethnographique et statistique, cet article montre que la justice consulaire est structurée par une élite interne, sélectionnée par cooptation et pour sa compétence financière, qui hiérarchise les procédures : les liquidations, massives et routinières, concernant surtout un entrepreneuriat populaire disqualifié sont assimilées au « sale boulot », tandis que les redressements judiciaires, minoritaires, sont investis comme le « vrai travail » qui donne sens à l’engagement consulaire. En audience, les juges évaluent les entrepreneurs sur leurs comptes, mais aussi sur leur attitude et leur sincérité, distinguant les « bons dirigeants » des « mauvais faillis ». L’article contribue à mettre en lumière une forme de rationalisation normative de l’action judiciaire. Il enrichit ainsi les Legal Consciousness Studies en montrant que la pluralité des rapports au droit ne concerne pas seulement les justiciables, mais également les juges eux-mêmes
Doppler-Supervised Channel Charting
No full textInternational audienceChannel charting is an integrated sensing and communication technique where passively collected channel state information (CSI) at the base-station is used for obtaining a low-dimensional representation of the distribution of all observed CSI samples, referred to as a channel chart. The usage of the channel chart for various applications depends highly on the charting accuracy, which is typically defined by its similarity to the users' geometric positions; an accurate channel chart can be used for a variety of applications like beam selection, beam tracking, radio maps, pilot assignment, signal strength prediction etc. Thus, improving the charting performance is of utmost importance. In this paper, we propose to exploit the delay-Doppler based multipath CSI which occurs naturally in modern techniques such as orthogonal time frequency space modulation as a form of supervision to produce channel charts that more closely match the geometric ground truth of user positions. We use a combination of classical triplet based loss function along with a novel Doppler based loss function to train a deep neural network which provides an efficient charting function. The charting performance for a variety of user trajectories demonstrates the effectiveness of our proposed approach
Water Parameters and Hydrodynamics in Rivers and Caves Hosting Astyanax mexicanus Populations Reveal Macro‐, Meso‐ and Microhabitat Characteristics
No full textInternational audienceThe Mexican tetra ( Astyanax mexicanus ) has emerged as a leading model for evolutionary biology and the study of adaptation to extreme subterranean environments. The river‐dwelling morph of the species is distributed in Mexico and Texas, while the blind and cave‐adapted morph inhabits the karstic caves of the Sierra Madre Oriental in northeastern Mexico. The molecular, cellular, and genetic underpinnings of Astyanax cavefish evolution are increasingly studied, but our understanding of its habitat and environment is incomplete, limiting the interpretations of its morphological, physiological, and behavioral adaptations. Notably, knowledge on the physicochemical parameters of the water is dispersed, and the hydrological regimes to which cavefish are subjected are largely unexplored. From 2009 to 2025, we have recorded the physicochemical parameters of the water at localities hosting A. mexicanus cavefish and surface fish in the Sierra de El Abra and Sierra La Colmena regions of the states of San Luis Potosí and Tamaulipas, Mexico. We sampled 13 caves out of the 33 known Astyanax caves and 30 surface stations (rivers, springs, ponds). Data were collected using a variety of devices and probes, including both point measurements (at the end of winter) and longitudinal measurements (throughout the year). The comparison of epigean and hypogean waters showed strong signatures of these two macrohabitats. As compared to surface, on average cave water was cooler, much less conductive, and highly hypoxic. Moreover, a comparison between different caves (i.e., mesohabitat level) revealed significant differences in both specific water parameters and hydrological regimes. One‐ or two‐year longitudinal recordings demonstrated that some caves exhibit relatively stable hydrological regimes, while others experience multiple, sudden, and significant fluctuations. Finally, distinct pools within a single cave showed notable differences, displaying a reproducible increasing gradient in water temperature as a function of distance from the cave entrance, and revealing specificities at the microhabitat level. We interpret our comprehensive dataset on cave water quality and hydrodynamics in the context of an integrated view of cave biology and the evolution of cave organisms
Effect of 12 weeks with a 30-min nap opportunity during the night shift of healthcare workers on early cardiovascular risk biomarkers: the NAPWORK study protocol of a randomised controlled trial
No full textInternational audienceBackground Night shift work is well known to cause health disruption in the short and long term. Among healthcare workers, sleep deprivation is a common concern with many nurses reporting sleep of <6 hour per 24-hour period. Consequences of this chronic sleep restriction have been associated with long-term health issues such as endothelial dysfunction, which plays a key role in the development of cardiovascular diseases, arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes. While countermeasures such as nap at work have been suggested to mitigate these deleterious effects, the impact of such intervention on endothelial function remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of the present study will be to investigate the effect of a 30 min nap opportunity during night shift work on endothelial function in healthcare workers working in 12hour shifts. Methods and analysis A 12-week randomised controlled trial will be performed with two conditions: (1) a 30 min nap opportunity during night shift work in a dedicated quiet room with a bed and (2) a control condition including a 30 min rest period in a break room. A total of 80 nurses and assistant nurses from interventional care units working a 2×12 hour shift schedule will be recruited. The main outcome will be endothelial dysfunction assessed through the reactive hyperaemia index using the EndoPAT device. Secondary outcomes will include other cardiovascular risk biomarkers, including arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity), blood pressure, heart rate variability, proinflammatory blood parameters, self-reported fatigue, recovery needs, sleep quality and sleepiness, which will be assessed using validated questionnaires. Our study will address whether napping on the night shift can decrease cardiovascular risk through early cardiovascular biomarkers, including endothelial function, arterial stiffness and heart rate variability. If effective, such interventions could contribute to the development of more sustainable and health-conscious shift work practices, benefiting both workers and the organisations that employ them.The study protocol is in accordance with ethical principles established by the 18th World Medical Assembly (Helsinki 1964) and received approval from an institutional review board ‘comité de protection des personnes EST III’ (23CH138). Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. Trial registration number NCT05955729; ClinicalTrials.gov 2023-A01109-36 Registered on 21 July 2023