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Analyse critique du concept et du terme de désimperméabilisation
No full textInternational audienceSustainable urban management requires us to change our relationship with water and nature. Many initiatives are moving in this direction, notably those aimed at soil unsealing in cities. However, while the term “désimperméabilisation” is increasingly used in France, it is not understood in the same way by all stakeholders. This poses problems in terms of the effectiveness of the actions undertaken in relation to the objectives sought. We’ll start by showing that the French term “désimpermabilisation”, which means moving soil from an impermeable to a permeable state, should not be understood literally. We will then present the various possible meanings and their limits, as well as the links with the related concepts of renaturation or sewer disconnection. We will then analyze the various real benefits that can be expected from unsealing actions in terms of flood control, groundwater recharge, more sustainable urban stormwater management, development of urban amenities and biodiversity, and environmental education. Finally, we explore the means required to effectively implement the concept. This article summarizes the reflections and discussions held within the Eurydice association, on the one hand, and within the Water Department of the Metropolis of Lyon, on the other.La gestion durable des villes nécessite de modifier notre rapport à l’eau et à la nature. De nombreuses initiatives vont dans ce sens et en particulier celles visant à désimperméabiliser les villes. Cependant, si le terme de désimperméabilisation est de plus en plus utilisé, il n’est pas compris de la même façon par tous les interlocuteurs. Cela pose des problèmes vis-à-vis de l’efficacité des actions entreprises au regard des objectifs espérés. Nous commencerons par montrer que ce terme ne peut pas être compris de façon littérale, c’est-à-dire faire passer un sol d’un état imperméable à un état perméable. Nous présenterons ensuite les différents sens possibles avec leurs limites, ainsi que les liens avec les notions voisines de désartificialisation, de renaturation ou de déconnexion. Nous analyserons ensuite les différents bénéfices réels que l’on peut attendre des actions de désimperméabilisation sur le contrôle des inondations, sur la réalimentation des nappes, sur la gestion plus durable des eaux pluviales urbaines, sur le développement des aménités urbaines et de la biodiversité ou sur l’éducation à l’environnement. Enfin nous explorerons les moyens nécessaires à une mise en oeuvre efficace du concept. Cet article synthétise des réflexions et des discussions menées au sein de l’association Eurydice, d’une part, et au sein de la direction de l’Eau de la Métropole du Grand Lyon, d’autre part
Distribution of tick-borne microorganisms in human-biting ticks in France collected through a Citizen-science program
No full textInternational audienceTicks occupy diverse habitats, increasing the risk of human exposure. Assessing the public health threat posed by ticks requires rigorous monitoring of their distribution and of the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens. In France since 2017, the citizen science program CiTIQUE monitors human tick bites through multiple complementary approaches. Citizens can report bites and submit biting ticks to a national tick bank for research and surveillance. This study aimed to investigate human exposure to tick-borne microorganisms including pathogens across France, using ticks submitted through the CiTIQUE program. In total, 2009 ticks were selected from the CiTIQUE tick bank, identified, and screened for microorganisms using a real-time microfluidic PCR method. Most bites involved Ixodes ricinus nymphs except in Mediterranean regions where Dermacentor and Rhipicephalus ticks were more common. Twenty-six microorganisms were detected, eighteen of which are potentially pathogenic to humans. These pathogens were widely distributed across the country. Borrelia spp. were the most frequently detected pathogens with spatial variation among regions. Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection rates varied from region to region. Neoehrlichia mikurensis was found in seven out of twelve French regions. Rickettsia species diversity was highest in the southeast, associated with a greater diversity of vectors. Five percent of ticks were infected with more than one pathogen. Although spatial heterogeneity was observed, no region was free of infected ticks. This study demonstrates the power of citizen science for nationwide surveillance of tick-borne pathogens, providing a large-scale overview of pathogen diversity and distribution across France from crowdsourced tick data
Arrêt Melià : précisions sur l’article 5, § 1, de la directive ‘‘Dommages’’ favorables au droit à la preuve et à l’effectivité du droit à réparation des victimes de pratiques anticoncurrentielles
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Evaluation of lower back and lower limb kinetics while lifting a baby dummy in squatting, kneeling and standing postures
No full textInternational audienceMusculoskeletal disorders affect childcare workers at the lower back and the lower limbs. Childcare professionals lift children while adopting standing, kneeling and squatting postures. The risks associated with lifting from standing postures have been extensively evaluated, but evidence remains insufficient regarding the adoption of kneeling or squatting postures. This study aimed to estimate peak intersegmental moments at the L5/S1, hips and knee joints during a lifting activity in these three postures. This biomechanical evaluation was conducted under controlled laboratory conditions using two baby dummies of 2.7 kg and 10 kg. Joint kinetics was assessed using tri-dimensional video data and ground reaction forces. Results suggest that both lifting posture and dummy's load impact peak intersegmental magnitudes in all the joints. Lifting from a standing posture using the 10 kg baby dummy presented the highest peak intersegmental moments at the L5/S1 and the hip joints, with associated magnitudes of 228 Nm and 131 Nm respectively. These magnitudes decreases around 20% in squatting and 40% in kneeling postures. In contrast, the solicitations at the knee joint were higher in squatting (75 Nm) and kneeling (92 Nm) postures. These orders of magnitude were comparable to those found in the literature using classical loads of equal or greater mass, likely due to the postural exigence related to the type of load (a baby dummy) and grip (under the armpits). However, considering the work specificities in a nursery, the current recommendations for manual material handling cannot be directly followed for childcare workers
Explorer les relations sensibles à la biodiversité :quelle est l’influence des chants d’oiseaux sur le rapportdes citoyens à l’espace urbain ? Une étude des perceptions sonores des espaces végétalisés des habitatscollectifs au sein de la métropole de Lyon
No full textInternational audienceUrban planning faces new challenges that question the place of biodiversity in urban spaces and the benefits it brings to city dwellers. In developing strategies to protect biodiversity, we need to take in consideration the role of residents, particularly those living in private multi-family residential dwellings. These residents can choose to favorize a diversity of species by adapting the layout and management of their gardens. To mobilize them effectively, we need to better understand their relationship with biodiversity and identify ways to encourage them to play a more active role in its protection. One way of creating links with biodiversity is through sound: biodiversity produces sounds that can be appreciated by the public, particularly birds, whose diverse songs depend on the composition and layout of gardens. This article examines the relevance of a sensitive approach based on the sounds produced by biodiversity to better understand the relationship between residents and the city. It explores the emotions and feelings that bird songs provide to residents, the knowledge and values they associate with theses, and assesses whether this auditory component of biodiversity can inspire intentions to transform the city and foster bird protection. To this end, we conducted an in situ survey combining listening sessions and directive interviews with 34 residents living in multi-family residential dwellings in the Metropolis of Lyon. The results show that bird song has a positive impact on the living environment and encourages residents to think about the ecological quality of their garden landscapes. However, résidents do not necessarily perceive theses as connected to other urban areas, and while some express a desire to protect birds, this intention is mostly confined to private spaces.L’aménagement de la ville doit répondre à de nouveaux enjeux qui questionnent la place de la biodiversité dans les espaces urbains et les bénéfices qu’elle apporte aux citadins. Dans les stratégies qui sont déployées pour la valoriser, il ne faut pas négliger le rôle que jouent les habitants vivant notamment dans les copropriétés privées. Ces derniers peuvent en effet choisir de favoriser ou non la présence d’une diversité d’espèces en adaptant l’aménagement et la gestion de leur jardin. Leur mobilisation suppose de mieux comprendre les relations qu’ils entretiennent avec la biodiversité et d’identifier des moyens pour les rendre plus acteurs de sa protection. La relation sonore est une des modalités permettant d’entrer en interaction avec elle : en effet, les espèces animales produisent des sons, audibles par les citoyens. C’est particulièrement vrai pour les oiseaux dont la diversité des chants dépend notamment de la composition et de l’agencement des jardins. Cet article interroge la pertinence d’une approche sensible orientée sur les sons que produit la biodiversité pour mieux appréhender la relation des habitants à la ville. Elle vise à questionner les émotions et les sentiments que procurent les chants d’oiseaux aux habitants, les savoirs et les valeurs qu’ils y associent et à évaluer si cette composante sonore de la biodiversité peut créer une intention de transformer la ville et d’agir en faveur des oiseaux. Pour cela, nous nous sommes appuyés sur une méthode d’enquête in situ, mêlant écoutes et entretiens menés auprès de 34 habitants résidant dans des copropriétés de la Métropole de Lyon. Il en ressort que les chants d’oiseaux influencent favorablement le cadre de vie des habitants. Ils permettent aussi à ces derniers d’engager une réflexion sur la qualité écologique des structures paysagères de leur jardin. Il apparaît en revanche que les habitants ne le pensent pas forcément en continuité avec d’autres espaces de la ville. Si pour certains émerge une volonté de protéger les oiseaux, celle-ci se cantonne plutôt à l’échelle de l’espace privé
First measurement of the strong interaction scattering parameters for the and systems
No full textInternational audienceCharged kaon--deuteron interactions offer a sensitive probe of the strangeness sector of QCD at low energy, particularly through their scattering parameters. Despite available theoretical predictions, experimental constraints remain absent, particularly for the system. The first measurement of femtoscopic correlation functions for and particle pairs in Pb--Pb collisions at TeV recorded by ALICE at the LHC is presented. Correlation functions for both systems are analyzed in three centrality classes and fitted using the Lednický--Lyuboshitz model to extract the source size and strong interaction scattering lengths. The scattering length is found to be (syst.) fm and (stat.) (syst.) fm, while for the value (stat.) (syst.) fm is obtained. These results provide the first constraints on the interaction modeling at low energy, delivering a long-awaited experimental benchmark for testing chiral QCD dynamics
Les identifiants persistants dans le schéma de métadonnées Datacite : recommandations du consortium français
No full textThis document was produced by a working group of the French DataCite consortium led by INIST-CNRS. It complements those produced by the consortium's other working groups (Metadata, Scope, Economic Model, Media, Awareness and Training, and Communication).The aim is to provide some guidelines on the choice of persistent identifiers that can be declared when creating DOIs in DataCite and associated metadata. It is intended for publication managers, particularly repository managers.These recommendations are only indicative, as the landscape of persistent identifiers for research is constantly evolving. They are aligned with those of the MESRE (Ministry of Higher Education, Research, and Space) regarding persistent identifiers.Ce document a été réalisé dans le cadre d’un groupe de travail du consortium français de DataCite porté par l’INIST-CNRS. Il est complémentaire à ceux réalisés par les autres groupes de travail du consortium (Métadonnées, Périmètre, Modèle économique, Supports, sensibilisation et formations et Communication).L’objectif est de proposer quelques lignes directrices sur le choix des identifiants persistants pouvant être déclarés dans le cadre de la création de DOI dans DataCite et des métadonnées associées Il s’adresse aux responsables de publication, et notamment les responsables d’entrepôts.Ces recommandations ne peuvent être qu’indicatives, le paysage des identifiants persistants pour la recherche étant en évolution constante. Elles s’alignent sur celles du MESRE (Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur, de la Recherche et de l'Espace) au sujet des identifiants persistants
Dark Patterns and the EU Digital Services Act: Mapping Autonomy Violations and Design Factors
No full textInternational audienceDark patterns are design practices that undermine users’ ability to make autonomous and informed choices in digital experiences. The EU Digital Services Act (DSA) seeks to protect users from such designs and their effects, with Article 25 prohibiting three autonomy violation types: deception, manipulation and distortion/impairment. Demonstrating such regulatory violations, however, requires design-oriented reasoning necessary to articulate why an observed design practice constitutes a specific autonomy violation type. This paper maps 59 known dark patterns onto the three autonomy violation types from the DSA and identifies eight new design factors which can help determine when a dark pattern violates autonomy. Our mapping of dark patterns to autonomy violations grounds ongoing regulatory debates in design while opening pathways for translational research that reimagines how HCI engages with the governance of design practices