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The 4MOST-Cosmology Redshift Survey: Target Selection of Bright Galaxies and Luminous Red Galaxies
No full textInternational audienceThe Cosmology Redshift Survey of the 4-metre Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope (4MOST-CRS) will provide redshift measurements of galaxies and quasars over 5700{\degsq} in the southern hemisphere. As targets for the 4MOST-CRS, we present a selection of an magnitude limited sample of Bright Galaxies (BG) and a colour selected sample of Luminous Red Galaxies (LRG) based on DESI Legacy Survey DR10.1 photometric data, in the redshift ranges and , respectively. These samples are selected using the , , , and (from unWISE) photometric bands. For BGs, the star--galaxy separation is performed based on Gaia and Tycho-2 star catalogues. Following 4MOST requirements, the target densities of BGs and LRGs are 250{\mdegsq} and 400{\mdegsq}, respectively. We quantified the stellar contamination to be for both galaxy samples using data from the first DESI data release. Using angular clustering, we show that both samples are robust against imaging systematics, confirming a low stellar contamination. Finally, we provide forecasts of the baryonic acoustic oscillation (BAO) and growth of structure () measurements from the 4MOST-CRS alone and in combination with DESI. From the 4MOST-CRS, we expect 3% and 25% precision on BAO and measurements, respectively. Combining 4MOST-CRS with DESI improves the constraints from DESI alone by 12 in the 0.4 < z < 0.8 redshift range, leading to the most stringent constraints on BAO measurements from spectroscopic galaxy clustering
Neural Networks for 3D Characterization of AGATA Crystals
No full textInternational audiencePrecise localization of gamma-ray interactions is crucial for the performance of AGATA. The Pulse Shape Analysis (PSA) method used for the position estimation relies on simulated signals database. The Pulse Shape Comparison Scanning (PSCS) method was used to scan AGATA crystals in order to produce an experimental database. This paper presents a novel approach using LSTM neural networks to determine the 3D interaction position of gamma rays within AGATA crystals, trained on data from the Strasbourg scanning tables, allowing for constructing experimental database. A custom masked loss function is introduced to enable training with incomplete position information. The database generated by this new method outperforms the simulated database used so far, and the experimental database obtained from the conventional PSCS algorithm. Crucially, the neural network approach effectively generalizes even when trained with only one known coordinate per interaction, paving the way for simplified 1D scanning procedures
Handicap, déficience, différence. Une introduction aux disability studies
No full textNational audienceThe aim of this book is to introduce the French public to Disability Studies, a multi-disciplinary field of research in the humanities and social sciences which, since the end of the 1970s, has continued to grow in structure and complexity, to the point where it is now traversed by a number of currents, such as Cultural Disability Studies and Critical Disability Studies, themselves diversified into Crip Studies, Critical Studies of Ableism, Global South Disability Studies, and so on. Using an approach that is inseparably philosophical and historical, this volume presents these different currents in the order in which they emerged, together with the main concepts (impairment vs disability; ableism; disabilism; disability as metaphor; narrative prosthesis, etc.) and models (social/cultural/relational/affirmative model of disability, etc.) that they have forged to understand disability. It focuses on the debates and controversies that have led to the diversification of disability studies, and enriches them with a critical perspective.Cet ouvrage a pour but d’introduire le public français aux disability studies, ou études de handicap, champ de recherche pluridisciplinaire situé dans le domaine des sciences humaines et sociales, qui, depuis la fin des années 1970, ne cesse de se structurer et de se complexifier, au point d’être aujourd’hui traversé d’une pluralité de courants, telles que les cultural disability studies et critical disability studies, elles-mêmes diversifiées en crip studies, critical studies of ableism, global south disability studies, etc. Selon une approche indissociablement philosophique et historique, ce volume présente, dans l’ordre de leur apparition, ces différents courants ainsi que les principaux concepts (impairment vs disability ; ableism ; disabilism ; disability as metaphor ; narrative prosthesis, etc.) et modèles (social/cultural/relational/affirmative model of disability, etc.) qu’ils ont forgés pour appréhender le handicap. Il prend pour fil conducteur l'articulation des trois concepts de handicap, déficience et différence, concentre son propos sur les débats et controverses qui ont présidé à la diversification des disability studies, et les enrichit d'une perspective critique
A model for baryon production in spin-dependent string fragmentation
No full textInternational audienceWe introduce spin-1/2 baryons in the string+ model of hadronization, previously restricted to the production of pseudoscalar and vector mesons. Baryons are modeled as quark-diquark bound states and baryon production is described by the tunneling of diquark-antidiquark pairs at string breaking points. Diquarks can be scalar or pseudovector, the latter being produced in the relative state. Introducing the quark-baryon-diquark coupling, the relevant splitting amplitudes for the emission of baryons are constructed and used to explore analytically the model predictions. We find a Collins effect for baryon production in the fragmentations of transversely polarized quarks or diquarks as well as a baryon spontaneous transverse polarization. The hadronic decays of polarized hyperons are also included in the model, which is presented in a form suitable for the implementation in a Monte Carlo event generator
La part du dissensus. Réflexion à quatre voix sur la littérature relationnelle
No full textInternational audienc
Euclid: An emulator for baryonic effects on the matter bispectrum
No full textInternational audienceThe Euclid mission and other next-generation large-scale structure surveys will enable high-precision measurements of the cosmic matter distribution. Understanding the impact of baryonic processes such as star formation and AGN feedback on matter clustering is crucial to ensure precise and unbiased cosmological inference. Most theoretical models of baryonic effects to date focus on two-point statistics, neglecting higher-order contributions. This work develops a fast and accurate emulator for baryonic effects on the matter bispectrum, a key non-Gaussian statistic in the nonlinear regime. We employ high-resolution -body simulations from the BACCO suite and apply a combination of cutting-edge techniques such as cosmology scaling and baryonification to efficiently span a large cosmological and astrophysical parameter space. A deep neural network is trained to emulate baryonic effects on the matter bispectrum measured in simulations, capturing modifications across various scales and redshifts relevant to Euclid. We validate the emulator accuracy and robustness using an analysis of \Euclid mock data, employing predictions from the state-of-the-art FLAMINGO hydrodynamical simulations. The emulator reproduces baryonic suppression in the bispectrum to better than 2 for the percentile across most triangle configurations for and ensures consistency between cosmological posteriors inferred from second- and third-order weak lensing statistics
Shear mechanical properties measurements at the surface scale: Enhanced performances of the micro-shear compression specimen
No full textInternational audienceAn intensive study combining experimental tests and numerical simulations was carried out to improve the understanding of the micro-shear test using the Micro-shear Compression Specimen (MCS). The results demonstrated good data reliability in the elastic regime up to the yield stress. However, the study also revealed that friction between the flat punch and the MCS significantly affects the plastic regime, and must therefore be accounted for to accurately extract shear mechanical properties. To overcome this limitation, two alternative methods were developed. The first one consists in compressing a new type of micro-shear compression specimen, featuring two perpendicular gauges forming a cross geometry (X-MCS). The second consists of applying multicycle loading to the conventional MCS. Both approaches successfully eliminated friction dependence in the plastic regime, in contrast to the classical method. Finally, the X-MCS geometry was applied to very high strain rate testing on fused silica. Thanks to the small gauge height of the X-MCS, it was possible to measure shear mechanical properties at a strain rate of 104 s−1, which was not achieved using conventional micropillar compression with our micromechanical setup. These methods provide a new pathway for extracting shear mechanical properties, which are critical in the field of tribology, where surfaces are subjected to intense shear deformation
Hybodont shark remains from Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) continental deposits of southern France
No full textInternational audienceThe hybodont shark (Elasmobranchii, Hybodontiformes) material from the Campanian of two non-marine localities in southern France are described. Some teeth and a dorsal fin spine from the upper Campanian of Velaux are assigned to the genus Meristodonoides (Hybodontidae), whereas a single tooth from the lower Campanian of Villeveyrac is referred to Parvodus (Lonchidiidae), a genus hitherto unknown in the Upper Cretaceous. Among the latest Cretaceous continental ichthyofaunas of the European archipelago, hybodont sharks may have been minor relictual components with spatially restricted distributions, as suggested by their scarcity in the fossil assemblages from France and Romania combined with their apparent absence in other areas (Iberian Peninsula, Hungary)
Prise en charge thérapeutique des grossesses extra-utérines tubaires. Recommandations pour la pratique clinique du CNGOF et de la SCGP
No full textInternational audience• Ectopic Pregnancy is defined as the presence of a pregnancy or pregnancy residue outside the uterine cavity, with a prevalence of approximately 2%. Tubal ectopic pregnancy is defined as the presence of a pregnancy or pregnancy residue in the extra-myometrial portion of the fallopian tube (isthmus, ampulla, or fimbriae), and accounts for 96 to 99% of ectopic pregnancy locations. Management of tubal ectopic pregnancy should depend on both its activity and whether it is symptomatic or not. • Regarding emergency management of tubal ectopic pregnancy, it is recommended not to consider expectant management for patients with symptomatic tubal ectopic pregnancy, nor for patients with active tubal ectopic pregnancy (Strong recommendation, low quality of evidence). It is recommended to offer expectant management as an alternative to medical treatment with MTX (methotrexate) for patients with non-active and asymptomatic tubal ectopic pregnancy (Strong recommendation, low quality of evidence). It is recommended to offer expectant management as an alternative to surgical treatment for patients with non-active and asymptomatic tubal ectopic pregnancy (Strong recommendation, very low quality of evidence). In cases of expectant management of tubal ectopic pregnancy, it is strongly recommended to systematically re-evaluate the patient clinically and biologically at 48 hours (Strong recommendation, low quality of evidence). If hCG levels decrease by more than 15% at 48 hours, it is recommended to continue monitoring weekly until negativity, provided there are no signs of symptomatic tubal ectopic pregnancy (Strong recommendation, very low quality of evidence). If an expectant approach is chosen, and there is an increase in hCG levels of more than 15% at 48 hours or the tubal ectopic pregnancy becomes symptomatic, it is recommended to discontinue expectant management (Strong recommendation, low quality of evidence). • Regarding medical treatment of tubal ectopic pregnancy, it is recommended not to favor a multi-dose protocol over a single-dose protocol to increase the success rate of MTX treatment (Strong recommendation, moderate quality of evidence). It is recommended to prefer the single-dose MTX protocol over the multi-dose protocol to limit the risk of adverse effects (Strong recommendation, high quality of evidence). It is also recommended not to systematically combine mifepristone treatment with an MTX injection to improve the efficacy of medical treatment for tubal ectopic pregnancy (Strong recommendation, high quality of evidence). • Regarding surgical management, in a patient with tubal ectopic pregnancy, it is recommended to perform either salpingotomy or salpingectomy with regard to fertility (Strong recommendation, high quality of evidence). It is recommended not to perform tubal expression in order to reduce morbidity compared to salpingotomy (Strong recommendation, very low quality of evidence).La Grossesse Extra-Utérine (GEU) est définie par la présence d’une grossesse ou d’un résidu de grossesse en dehors de la cavité utérine sa prévalence est d’environ 2%. La GEU tubaire est définie comme la présence d’une grossesse ou d’un résidu de grossesse dans la portion extra-myométriale de la trompe (isthme, ampoule ou pavillon) et représente 96 à 99% des localisations de GEU. La prise en charge de la GEU tubaire doit dépendre à la fois de son activité et de son caractère symptomatique ou non. Concernant la prise en charge en urgence d’une GEU tubaire, Il est recommandé de ne pas envisager une attitude expectative pour des patientes présentant une GEU tubaire symptomatique, ni pour pour des patientes présentant une GEU tubaire active (Recommandation forte, qualité de la preuve basse). Il est recommandé de proposer une attitude expectative comme alternative au traitement médical par méthotrexate (MTX) aux patientes présentant une GEU tubaire non active et asymptomatique (Recommandation forte, qualité de la preuve basse). Il est recommandé de proposer une attitude expectative comme alternative au traitement chirurgical aux patientes présentant une GEU tubaire non active et asymptomatique ( Recommandation forte, qualité de la preuve très basse). Il est recommandé, en cas de prise en charge d’une GEU tubaire par expectative, de réévaluer systématiquement cliniquement et biologiquement la patiente à 48 heures (Recommandation forte, qualité de la preuve basse) et en cas de décroissance des HCG >15% à 48h, il est recommandé de poursuivre la surveillance de la décroissance une fois par semaine jusqu’à négativation en l’absence de signes de GEU tubaire symptomatique (Recommandation forte, qualité de la preuve très basse), Si une attitude d’expectative est retenue, en cas d’augmentation des HCG > 15% à 48h ou en cas de GEU tubaire devenant symptomatique, il est recommandé de ne pas poursuivre l’attitude expectative (Recommandation forte, qualité de la preuve basse). Concernant les modalités du traitement médical de la GEU tubaire, Il est recommandé de ne pas privilégier un protocole multidose par rapport à un protocole monodose afin d’augmenter le taux de succès d’un traitement par MTX. (Recommandation forte, qualité de la preuve modérée). Il est recommandé de privilégier le traitement monodose de MTX au protocole multidose afin de limiter le risque d’effets indésirables (Recommandation forte, qualité de la preuve élévée). . il est recommandé de ne pas associer systématiquement un traitement par mifépristone à une injection de MTX pour augmenter l’efficacité du traitement médical d’une GEU tubaire (Recommandation forte, qualité de la preuve élevée). Concernant la prise en charge chirurgicale, chez une patiente présentant une GEU tubaire, il est recommandé de réaliser soit une salpingotomie soit une salpingectomie pour la fertilité. (Recommandation forte, qualité de la preuve élévée). Il est recommandé de ne pas pratiquer une expression tubaire pour diminuer la morbidité par rapport à la salpingotomie (Recommandation forte, qualité de la preuve très basse)
Hydrophobization of carboxymethyl cellulose by Passerini reaction: towards films with improved water vapor barrier properties
No full textInternational audienceTo address the need for developing sustainable materials with effective barriers to water vapor, this work explores the potential of self-supported films made of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) functionalized by the Passerini three-component reaction. Aliphatic aldehydes and tert-butyl isocyanide were grafted onto CMC backbone to yield dually hydrophobized derivatives. These modified polysaccharides were processed into films by solvent casting and their water vapor transfer properties were examined. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments revealed a nanoscale organization for Passerini-modified films, attributed to the formation of hydrophobic domains characterized by a nanometric interdomain spacing. Dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in moisture content water for modified films, from ≃ 1.1 g g -1 for unmodified CMC to below 0.5 g g -1 for hydrophobized derivatives at a w = 0.95. Guggenheim-Anderson-deBoer (GAB) and Zimm-Lundberg modeling showed a decrease in sorption site availability from 3 to ≃ 1.5 per glucose unit, while the size of water clusters was significantly increased. The Passerini modification also resulted in a substantial decrease of water vapor permeability (WVP) from 44 000 barrer to 2500 barrer at a w = 0.5. These results unequivocally underpin the benefits of the Passerini functionalization which allows to enhance the water vapor barrier performance. The findings highlight the potential of such a reaction for developing next-generation and bio-based packaging materials with tailored water vapor barrier properties.</div