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Refus du silence et révolte face à la souffrance dans l'oeuvre d'Elie Wiesel Auteure
No full textInternational audienceÉlie Wiesel, Holocaust survivor and Nobel Peace Prize laureate, turned his work into an ongoing reflection on God’s silence, memory, and testimony. This article examines two pivotal moments in his writing: La Nuit, where the concentration camp experience is marked by the witness’s muteness and the unspeakable horror, and Les Juifs du silence, where a prophetic voice emerges, engaged in transmission. Through a comparatist and theoretical reading (Levi, Kertész; Blanchot, Levinas, Ricœur, Arendt, Derrida), we argue that Wiesel’s writing is structured around four figures of refusal: the refusal of literary ornament, of silence, of resignation, and of oblivion. These refusals are not mere negations but constitute both a poetics and an ethics of resistance. Finally, the study explores the memorial and political scope of this writing, which resonates with contemporary debates on postmemory and global memory.Élie Wiesel, rescapé de la Shoah et prix Nobel de la paix, a fait de son œuvre une réflexion continue sur le silence de Dieu, la mémoire et le témoignage. Cet article analyse deux moments charnières de son écriture : La Nuit, où l’expérience concentrationnaire est marquée par le mutisme du témoin et l’indicible de l’horreur, et Les Juifs du silence, où surgit une voix prophétique, engagée dans la transmission. À travers une lecture comparatiste (Levi, Kertész) et théorique (Blanchot, Levinas, Ricœur, Arendt, Derrida), nous montrons que l’écriture de Wiesel se structure autour de quatre figures du refus : refus littéraire, refus du silence, refus de la résignation et refus de l’oubli. Ces refus ne constituent pas seulement des négations, mais une poétique et une éthique de la résistance. Enfin, l’article interroge la portée mémorielle et politique de cette écritur
Circularité, Loi et retour au divin : le Derekh HaShem du Ramḥal dans la morphologie comparée des mystiques monothéistes
No full textInternational audienceThis article explores circularity as a theological and interreligious operator through Ramḥal’s Derekh HaShem (The Way of God). The treatise, structured around the interplay of Divine Will (ratzon), Word (davar), and Restoration (tikkun), unfolds a dynamic in which the end fulfils the beginning. Combining philological reading of the Hebrew text, kabbalistic symbolism, and comparative study of Christian anamnesis and Sufi dhikr, the article argues that Ramḥal transforms circularity into a normative system where Law regulates the cycle linking human freedom to divine unity. Extending this logic to translation and reception, the paper presents a phenomenology of performative language in which translating, praying, and studying all reenact the return to the source.Cet article examine la circularité comme opérateur théologique et interreligieux à partir du Derekh HaShem (La Voie de Dieu) du Ramḥal. Le traité, fondé sur l’articulation entre volonté divine (ratzon), parole (davar) et réparation (tikkun), déploie une dynamique où la fin accomplit le commencement. L’analyse combine lecture philologique du texte hébreu, approche séphirotique et étude comparée des modèles du retour dans l’anamnèse eucharistique et le dhikr soufi. Elle montre que le Ramḥal confère à la circularité une forme normative : la Loi devient le centre régulateur du cycle, liant liberté humaine et unité divine. En prolongeant cette circularité dans la traduction et la réception, le texte illustre une phénoménologie du langage performatif, où traduire, prier et étudier participent du même mouvement de réintégration
Mutation domaniale : pas d’indemnité pour la collectivité territoriale, CA Grenoble, 9 oct. 2025, n° 24/02812, Cne Reventin-Vaugris
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Role of surface oxidation in enhancing heat transfer across graphene–water interface via Thermal Boundary Resistance modulation
No full textInternational audienceFunctionalization or surface oxidation is a fundamental requirement for carbon-based nanoparticles to prevent self-aggregation and thus be homogeneously dispersed in a fluid. However, the presence of functional or oxidation groups dramatically affects the thermal boundary resistance (TBR) and thus the overall thermal properties of the resulting colloidal suspension. In this work, we systematically investigate through molecular dynamics simulations the effect of oxidation degree on the TBR at the graphene–water interface. We find a linear correlation between the oxidation degree and the thermal boundary conductance (reciprocal of TBR) at low-to-moderate degrees, which can be interpreted through a parallel thermal resistance model, considering the contributions of pristine graphene and hydroxyl (-OH) groups, confirming our previous experimental findings. Results are interpreted in the light of wettability, roughness and phonon density of states, which highlight the higher affinity between water and graphene as the oxidation degree rises. More generally, beyond the specific case study discussed in this work, this systematic approach can be applied to other solid–liquid interfaces to further explore the general correlation between TBR and surface oxidation degree
Coexploitation d'une entreprise individuelle par des indivisaires et société de fait.
No full textInternational audienceUne société de fait ne peut être identifiée, dans l'exploitation d'une entreprise indivise, en l'absence de participation de chaque copropriétaire à la gestion de celle-ci. Le Conseil d'Etat procède à une appréciation rigoureuse de la condition de participation de chaque copropriétaire indivis
Use of Microbial Biofilms to Assess Groundwater Quality in Karstic Ecosystems
No full textInternational audienceKarstic aquifers are particularly vulnerable to contaminations but, unlike surface waters, biological indicators of their groundwater quality are lacking. We propose a methodology based on microbial biofilms developed on artificial substrates (clay beads) to evaluate groundwater quality. Clay beads were incubated every 2 months over 18 months in three karstic stations characterised by contrasting nutrient and organic matter inputs from their catchments. After every 2‐month incubation, microbial biofilms on clay beads were analysed for biomass, hydrolytic and dehydrogenase activities, and prokaryotic community structure. NH 4 + , NO 3 − , PO 4 3− and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations were also measured in groundwater during the experiment. Biofilm biomass and activities were not positively correlated with nutrient and DOC concentrations in groundwater probably due to biofilm growth inhibition by antibiotics in the station having the highest nutrient and DOC concentrations. In contrast, the diversity of prokaryotes in biofilms was positively correlated with nutrient and DOC availability. In the studied heterotrophic karstic stations, the quantity of resources originating from the catchments determined the diversity but also the prokaryotic community structures of biofilms. We selected several microbial taxa as potential indicators of groundwater quality. The next step will be to test their applicability in other karstic ecosystems
Survival and patient-reported outcomes of robotic arm-assisted patellofemoral arthroplasty and patient-acceptable symptom state thresholds
No full textInternational audienceAims The aim of this study was to assess the implant survival and patient-reported outcome measures of robotic arm-assisted patellofemoral arthroplasty (raPFA) and to define patient-acceptable symptom state (PASS) thresholds. Methods A multicentre retrospective cohort study of 112 raPFA was undertaken. The mean age of the patients was 63.3 years (21 to 89), and 88 (78.6%) were female. Oxford Knee Score (OKS), Kujala score, EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D), EuroQol-visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS), Net Promoter Score (NPS), and patient satisfaction were assessed. Mean follow-up was 3.3 years (1.0 to 7.7). Results There were four reoperations (three revisions) during the follow-up period. The four-year survival was 94.4% (95% CI 89.9 to 98.9) for all-cause reoperation, 96.7% (95% CI 94.5 to 100) for all-cause revision, and 97.7% (95% CI 93.8 to 100) for aseptic revision. A total of 79 (76.0%), 62 (59.6%), 67 (64.4%), and 49 (54.4%) knees achieved the PASS thresholds in the OKS, Kujala, EQ-5D, and EQ-VAS scores, respectively. The satisfaction rate was 77.9% (n = 81) and the NPS was 59.7. Increasing American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade (odds ratio 0.02, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.22, p = 0.001) was independently associated with dissatisfaction. The OKS (area under the curve (AUC) 89.1, 95% CI 82.5 to 95.8) and Kujala score (AUC 86.1, 95% CI 77.7 to 94.5) were excellent, and the EQ-5D (AUC 75.4, 95% CI 61.7 to 89.1) and EQ-VAS (AUC 76.7, 95% CI 64.0 to 89.5) were acceptable discriminators of satisfaction, with PASS thresholds of 36, 72, 0.710, and 74, respectively. Using these new thresholds, the number achieving a PASS decreased in the OKS (n = 75; 72.1%), increased in the Kujala score (n = 73; 70.2%) and EQ-VAS (n = 58; 64.4%), and remained identical for the EQ-5D. Conclusion raPFA was associated with clinically meaningful postoperative outcome measures and a high NPS. However, approximately one in five were not satisfied, which was independently associated with increasing comorbidity, and approximately one in 20 underwent reoperation in the first four years postoperatively. The defined PASS thresholds specifically for PFA could be used to help interpret outcomes in future studies. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2026;108-B(2):169–176
Rethinking the Study Abroad Movement in Modern China, 1850s–1950s
No full textAbstract: This article delineates the historical context of the special issue “Rethinking the Study Abroad Movement in Modern China, 1850s–1950s,” summarizes the state of research, introduces each article, and outlines shared themes. Among these are the pivotal roles of financial considerations and of nonstate actors and informal networks in shaping international education in modern China. The five articles combine to produce a nuanced portrait of foreign-educated Chinese, complicating previous framings of overseas education as primarily an instrument of foreign soft power or of China’s cultural diplomacy. The special issue brings computational and quantitative methods into conversation with traditional historiography: the approaches complement one another. Zuo, Yang, and Liang employ a large-scale prosopographical database to trace patterns of social mobility and shifts in the Chinese meritocracy, Armand and Henriot each apply to a single directory methods that include natural language processing and network analysis, and all three articles gain contextual depth and interpretive nuance from incorporation of qualitative sources. Pelzer and Wu each draw on underutilized archives—personal papers and Rockefeller Foundation records—to uncover historical actors’ motivations and strategies
EFFECT OF NON-UNIFORM CASING TREATMENT ON THE PERFORMANCE AND OPERABILITY OF THE ECL5 FAN STAGE
No full textThis study investigates unsteady aeroelastic phenomena occurring at off-design conditions in the open test case ECL5 fan stage, a configuration representative of modern lightweight ultrahigh bypass ratio (UHBR) architectures. Both simulations and experiments reveal the onset of small-scale aerodynamic disturbances along subsonic speed lines, known to trigger convective Non-Synchronous Vibration (NSV). This NSV, observed experimentally across 55-90% design speed and involving multiple blade eigenmodes, poses significant risks to fan operability and structural integrity. A promising mitigation strategy is the use of axial-slot casing treatments, which reduce blockage by extracting low-momentum flow in the rotor tip region and reinjecting it upstream with a more favourable momentum. This mechanism disrupts the development of coherent aerodynamic disturbance patterns, thereby delaying or suppressing NSV inception.The present work focuses on designing and evaluating nonuniform casing treatments for the ECL5 fan stage, with emphasis on maintaining performance outside NSV-critical regions. Unlike previous studies that primarily optimize fully circumferential configurations, this investigation explores the potential of partial treatments. Such circumferentially non-uniform designs reduce performance penalties while still preventing disturbances growth.A comprehensive numerical campaign was conducted, including four treatment configurations assessed over multiple speeds and mass flow rates. Results demonstrate that partial treatments can reproduce much of the stabilizing effect of fullcoverage treatments while limiting efficiency losses. The findings deliver design criteria for maximizing NSV suppression with minimal performance impact.</div
MITIGATION OF NON-SYNCHRONOUS VIBRATION WITH GEOMETRIC MISTUNING: EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF LEADING-EDGE MODIFICATION ON THE OPEN TEST CASE ECL5
No full textThe mitigation of Non-Synchronous Vibration (NSV) is essential to extend the operational range of fans and compressors in aircraft engines. Near the stability limit at part-speed conditions, increased tip blockage enables circumferential convection of aerodynamic disturbances, leading to coupled blade vibrations known as lock-in. Previous studies have shown that local variations in blade geometry influence the propagation of these disturbances. In particular, asymmetric tip clearance affects their speed and intensity, potentially altering the dominant flow wave numbers and the corresponding structural nodal diameters involved in lock-in.In earlier work, non-uniform tip clearance was found to significantly influence disturbance formation, though it did not provide sufficient NSV suppression. To enhance the local aerodynamic effect, this study investigates geometric modifications of the blade leading edge.A numerical investigation using unsteady RANS simulations is conducted on the open test case geometry ECL5 to assess the influence of leading-edge modifications on disturbance propagation. The study also examines variations in the mistuning pattern, defined by the circumferential distribution of cut blades. Selected geometrically mistuned configurations were experimentally tested at Centrale Lyon. This paper presents both numerical and experimental results, providing a detailed characterization of the effects of geometric modifications on local aerodynamics and fluid-structure interactions relevant to NSV behavior