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Immune landscape and potential role of immune checkpoint inhibitors on uterine leiomyosarcoma: a review
No full textInternational audienceUterine leiomyosarcoma is a rare and aggressive malignancy with limited therapeutic options and poor prognostic outcomes. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have transformed oncology; however, their efficacy in leiomyosarcoma remains uncertain. This review explores the immunological landscape of uterine leiomyosarcoma, focusing on the role of checkpoint blockade and potential strategies to optimize treatment. The tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in shaping immune responses, with leiomyosarcomas often exhibiting variable programmed death-ligand 1 expression, differential lymphocytic infiltration, and interactions with tumor-associated macrophages. Despite modest response rates in clinical trials, molecular analyses suggest that specific sub-groups may derive greater benefit from checkpoint inhibition. Moreover, dual-checkpoint blockade combining anti-programmed death-1 and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 agents has demonstrated enhanced immune activation in select patients. In addition, chemotherapy-induced immunogenic cell death has been explored as a complementary approach to immunotherapy. These findings support the need for innovative combinatorial strategies aimed at augmenting immune responsiveness in leiomyosarcoma. The integration of checkpoint inhibitors with targeted immunomodulation and personalized therapeutic approaches may improve treatment efficacy. Future research should focus on refining patient selection criteria, enhancing macrophage-targeted therapies, and optimizing immune profiling techniques to maximize therapeutic outcomes for uterine leiomyosarcoma
Impact des facteurs hormonaux sur les risques de cancer du sein
No full textInternational audienceBreast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Women are exposed to various hormonal factors throughout their lives, which can impact their risk of breast cancer. Early menarche and late menopause are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, particularly hormone-dependent cancers. Parity and breastfeeding, on the other hand, have a protective effect. Hormonal contraception, particularly combined contraception, slightly increases this risk during use. Hormone replacement therapy combining estrogen and progestin is associated with an increased risk, and to a lesser extent when treatment is combined with natural progesterone, or when it consists of estrogen therapy alone. Assisted reproductive technology is not associated with a significant increase in risk. These factors have a different influence depending on the tumour subtype.Le cancer du sein est le cancer le plus fréquent chez la femme. Au cours de leur vie, les femmes sont exposées à différents facteurs hormonaux, qui peuvent influencer le risque de cancer du sein. Un âge de ménarche précoce et une ménopause tardive sont liés à une augmentation du risque de cancer du sein. À l’inverse, la parité et l’allaitement maternel ont plutôt un effet protecteur. La contraception hormonale, notamment combinée, augmente légèrement ce risque pendant la durée de prise, mais celui-ci s’estompe après l’arrêt du traitement. Le traitement hormonal de la ménopause associant œstrogènes et progestatifs, et dans une moindre mesure lorsque celui-ci est combiné à la progestérone naturelle, ou lorsqu’il s’agit d’une œstrogénothérapie seule, augmente légèrement ce risque. L’aide médicale à la procréation n’est pas significativement associée à un risque accru de développer un cancer du sein. Tous ces facteurs ont une influence différente selon les sous-types tumoraux
Hyperaldostéronisme primaire au cours de la grossesse et de la ménopause
No full textInternational audienc
Transfer of generalized amalgamation in simple theories
No full textWe give an abstract framework to transfer generalized amalgamation from a simple theory to another, and we apply it to theories of lovely pairs and of bounded PAC structures. We show in particular that bounded pseudo-algebraically closed fields have generalized amalgamation, regardless of their imperfection degree
Reduction of bacterial colonization on buckling-induced wrinkled surfaces under fluid shear
No full textInternational audienc
Droit de la rénovation énergétique des bâtiments : état des lieux et perspectives
No full textNational audienceLa rénovation énergétique des bâtiments occupe une place nouvellement prépondérante dans l'actualité juridique. La stratégie publique qui en traite s'appuie sur des régimes juridiques fragmentés, sur des incitations victimes de l'instabilité budgétaire et de la complexité du parcours du particulier, et sur des obligations peu crédibles, nuisant à la dynamique souhaitée de massification. L'atteinte des objectifs visés nécessite un changement de paradigme, appréhendant le droit de la rénovation non pas comme un régime autonome mais comme un droit d'assemblage transversal et finaliste, dépassant l'ensilotage des politiques publiques, et s'inscrivant dans une logique de service public dont le but est de réussir le défi de la massification des rénovations
Probing early parton emissions in heavy ion collisions using the Lund jet plane
No full textInternational audienceIn scattering experiments, high-virtuality partons, i.e., quarks and gluons, initiate a series of additional parton emissions to create collimated sprays of particles known as jets. This paper presents a measurement of the Lund jet plane (LJP) of high-energy jets produced in lead-lead (PbPb) collisions and compares the results to data for proton-proton (pp) collisions. The LJP is formed by iteratively declustering the constituents of a jet into consecutive emissions and recording the relative transverse momentum () and angle of the resulting emission with respect to its emitter. The angular distributions of two different slices of the LJP are investigated for jets with radius parameter of 0.4 and transverse momentum in the range 2001000 GeV. The PbPb (pp) data were recorded by the CMS experiment in 2018 (2017) and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 1.7 nb (301 pb) at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. The measurement was designed to test whether the earliest jet emissions are produced before the formation of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) in PbPb collisions. Within the experimental uncertainties, no significant difference is observed between the angular distribution of high- emissions in \pp and PbPb collisions, which is consistent with these emissions occurring early in the jet evolution, before substantial interaction with the QGP
L’autonomisation au travail d’éleveurs qui valorisent des milieux semi-naturels par le pâturage
No full textPARTIE II: LES NOUVELLES PRATIQUES AGRICOLESInternational audienc
Better understanding of the maleinization of oils using model fatty compounds: Insights from NMR, SEC, and HRMS analyses
No full textInternational audienceThe chemical modification of vegetable oils through maleinization reaction offers a promising route to sustainable bio-based materials for diverse industrial applications. However, the underlying mechanisms of the maleinization reaction such as the ene, Diels-Alder, and radical pathways, remain insufficiently understood, limiting process optimization and broader adoption. In this study, we employed a model compound approach using methyl oleate (C18:1), methyl linoleate (C18:2), and their corresponding triglycerides to systematically investigate the maleinization reaction with maleic anhydride (MA) under controlled conditions. Advanced analytical techniques, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), and Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) were performed to elucidate reaction mechanisms, quantify product distributions (when possible), and assess structural modifications. Our results demonstrated that the ene reaction is the predominant pathway for C18:1 substrates while radical mechanisms contribute to minor products. The Diels-Alder cycloaddition is negligible under the studied conditions. The extent of maleinization increases with MA equivalents, as confirmed by quantitative 13C NMR and FT-ICR MS analyses while SEC reveals some polymerization
Early postoperative complications and blood transfusion risks in bilateral hip and knee arthroplasty: a retrospective study
No full textInternational audiencePurpose: This study assessed early complications and postoperative blood transfusion rates after simultaneous bilateral prosthetic hip or knee replacement.Materials and methods: Between 2020 and 2024, 285 patients underwent single-session bilateral total hip arthroplasty (THA), total knee arthroplasty (TKA), or unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) at a single referral centre. The cohort consisted of 102 patients in the TKA group, 83 in the THA group, and 100 in the UKA group. Patients were 57.2% male, with a mean age of 65.2 years ± 10.9 and a mean BMI of 27.9 ± 4.5. Based on the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, preoperative risk assessment showed a mean score of 1.8 ± 0.5. Early complications occurring within the first two postoperative months and anaemia requiring blood transfusion were recorded.Results: The early complication rate was 2.5% (7/285), with no complications in the UKA group, 5% (4/83) in the THA group, and 2% (2/100) in the TKA group. No deaths, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolisms, or surgical site infections were reported. Complications included three periprosthetic fractures, one hip dislocation, one early unipolar revision for acetabular migration, and one extensor mechanism rupture. The transfusion rate was 4.6% (13/285), with no transfusions required in the UKA group, which was lower compared to THA (6%; 5/83) and TKA (8%; 8/100) (p = 0.02).Conclusion: Single-stage bilateral hip and knee replacement prove to be a safe procedure with a low complication rate. UKA showed no early complications or transfusion needs, confirming its reliability as a safe option for single-stage bilateral procedures