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Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy in Thin Films Enables Extraordinary Spin-Wave Phenomena: Anti-Larmor Precession, Negative Reflection and Refraction, Multireflection and Multirefraction
No full textInternational audienceWe present a theoretical and numerical investigation of the role of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) in shaping spin-wave (SW) dynamics under low magnetic fields in thin and ultrathin magnetic films. PMA introduces an in-plane torque that counteracts exchange, dipolar, and Zeeman contributions, fundamentally modifying SW dispersion and inducing a local minimum that, under specific conditions, becomes the lowest frequency across all geometric configurations. This results in a sombrero-shaped dispersion in ultrathin films and a cowboy-hat-like shape in thicker films, where dipolar interactions dominate. Using isofrequency contour (IFC) analysis, we demonstrate that these PMA-induced dispersion shapes enablenontrivial wave phenomena unprecedented in uniform media: bireflection and negative reflection in ultrathin films and trireflection in thicker filmswhere a single incident beam splits into three reflected components, two with negative angles. Most remarkably, we predict and demonstrate trirefraction, where one incident beam generates three refracted beams with two exhibiting negative refraction angles. We further show anti-Larmor precession of magnetization near the dispersion minimum in thicker films, arising from the interplay between PMA-induced and dipolar torques. Systematic simulations across diverse material systemsmetallic films, ferrimagnetic garnets, hybrid structures, and multilayers confirm the universal nature of these phenomena in any PMA system supporting stripe domain transitions. These results open new opportunities to explore wave phenomena beyond magnonics
Limits on the chiral magnetic effect from the event shape engineering and participant-spectator correlation techniques in Pb-Pb collisions at TeV
No full textInternational audienceThe latest experimental studies related to the search for the Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME) in Pb-Pb collisions at TeV recorded with the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are presented. Charge-dependent two-particle correlations relative to the reaction plane are measured for charged particles in the pseudorapidity range and the transverse-momentum range GeV/. Two approaches have been employed: in the first method, the contribution of the background to the measurement is varied using the event shape engineering (ESE), while the second relies on changing the contribution of the potential CME signal by measuring azimuthal correlations relative to the participant plane, where the background contributions are maximized, and spectator plane, where the CME signal contribution is maximized. Both methods yield results consistent with the absence of a CME signal within the measurement uncertainties. The result obtained from correlations relative to different symmetry planes, a technique applied for the first time at LHC energies, gives the possibility to test independently and confirm the upper limits from previous measurements, while the new limit from the ESE analysis offers improved constraint relative to previous attempts
La règlementation sociétaire et financière sur la durabilité : CSRD, CS3D, Omnibus
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The effects of over‐ and under‐stuffing the anterior knee compartment in primary TKA: A systematic review
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Purpose Up to 20% of patients remain dissatisfied following total knee arthroplasty (TKA), often due to anterior knee pain (AKP) and other patellofemoral complications. Several studies highlighted risks of over‐ or under‐stuffing within the patellofemoral compartment, yet there are no standardised methods for their assessment, and their effects on patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) remain unclear. The aim of this review was to synthesise and critically appraise all published studies that investigated effects of over‐ and under‐stuffing the anterior compartment on PROMs following primary TKA. Methods The protocol for this systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines was registered on PROSPERO (July 2024), before electronic searches by two readers (C.K. and V.G.) using Medline and Scopus. The authors included clinical studies published in English, reporting a quantifiable method to assess the anterior compartment in TKA, with clinical and/or radiographic outcomes. The authors excluded in vitro or ex vivo studies, reviews or editorials, studies on revision TKA and studies with follow‐up <1 year. Results Searches returned 160 records, of which 14 met the eligibility criteria (10 retrospective and 4 prospective), representing 4404 knees in 3718 patients. The primary outcome was over‐stuffing in five studies, which investigated its correlation with PROMs and/or AKP, while the primary outcome was under‐stuffing in two studies. The PROMs reported were Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (eight studies), knee society score (six studies), knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (two studies), as well as Oxford knee score, forgotten joint score and Kujala scores (each one study). Only two studies used dynamic assessments, while 12 used static assessments. Only 3 of the 14 studies found significant effects of over‐stuffing (by >5 mm) on PROMs. Conclusions Changes in anterior offset, particularly over‐stuffing, may cause patellofemoral complications. Although it would be ideal to restore the anterior compartment, small deviations do not affect clinical outcomes. A threshold of 5 mm could represent the ‘safe zone’ for change in anterior offset in patients undergoing TKA. Level of Evidence Level III
Towards a Smarter Homophone Correction Tool: A Case Study in Khmer Writing
No full textInternational audienceHomophone errors are a common challenge in written communication, affecting both high-resource languages, such as English, and low-resource languages, such as Khmer. These errors are often difficult to detect because they require contextual understanding rather than simple spelling correction. While existing spelling correction tools enhance text accuracy, they do little to improve users’ long-term writing skills, often leading to an over-reliance on automated corrections. This study aims to bridge this gap by investigating the challenges of homophone usage, specifically among Khmer users, and proposing a foundational theoretical blueprint for future solution development. Through a questionnaire-based survey, we analyzed the prevalence of homophone errors and their impact on Khmer speakers. Additionally, we conducted an experimental study using Typing Tracker, where participants transcribed audio-recorded articles to determine their ability to correctly use homophones in context. Based on these insights, we introduce Sor-Ser, an innovative conceptual approach that integrates Natural Language Processing (NLP) with Learning Analytics (LA) techniques. This preliminary framework provides a foundation for addressing homophone errors while enhancing writing proficiency. By addressing both error correction and skill development, Sor-Ser provides a potential pathway for improving Khmer writing accuracy while fostering long-term proficiency and confidence
Target trial emulation to replicate randomised clinical trials using registry data in multiple sclerosis
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Target trial emulation (TTE) offers a formal framework for causal inference using observational data, but its validity must be evaluated in each research domain by replicating randomised clinical trials (RCTs). We aimed to replicate eight RCTs evaluating the efficacy of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in multiple sclerosis (MS) using French registry data.Methods: This multicentre, retrospective, observational study was conducted using data extracted in December 2023 from the Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques (OFSEP) database. For each emulated trial, patients were included when they initiated one of the DMT evaluated in the corresponding RCT and met its inclusion criteria. Clinical outcomes were the annualised relapse rate and 3-month confirmed Expanded Disability Status Scale progression. Radiological outcomes were new/enlarged T2-lesions and new gadolinium-enhanced T1-lesions on a brain MRI. A targeted maximum likelihood estimator was used to estimate the treatment effect adjusted for confounding factors between groups and corrected for censoring and missing outcome assessment.Results: 14 111 patients were included in eight emulated trials: ASSESS (fingolimod vs glatiramer acetate), BEYOND (interferon beta vs glatiramer acetate), CONFIRM (dimethyl fumarate (DMF) vs glatiramer acetate), OPERA (ocrelizumab vs interferon beta), REGARD (interferon beta vs glatiramer acetate), RIFUND-MS (rituximab vs DMF), TENERE (teriflunomide vs interferon beta) and TRANSFORMS (fingolimod vs interferon beta). Treatment effects estimated in emulated trials were concordant with RCT findings in seven of eight trials for relapse rate, and in all six trials assessing disability progression. Radiological outcomes were more challenging to replicate; concordance was achieved in three of five trials for new T2-lesions, and one of four trials for new gadolinium-enhanced T1-lesions.Conclusion: The combined use of a TTE methodology and high-quality registry data is a valid tool to evaluate treatment effectiveness in MS
Adriano OLIVA — « L’édition critique des Sermones de Thomas d’Aquin par le P. L. J. Bataillon (Editio Leonina, T. 44, 1) »
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Zeuxis redivivus. Art et émulation dans l’Europe du XVe au XVIIe siècle
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GeARF5/GeIAA33‐GeSWEET14 module balances the secondary metabolic biosynthesis to increase the yield and quality in Gastrodia elata
No full textInternational audienceABSTRACT Gastrodia elata is an important edible and medicinal plant, and its yield is a significant factor limiting the industry's development. The number of branches produced by vegetative propagation corms (VPCs) is a limiting factor for the yield of G. elata . Hormonal signals, along with sucrose and starch biosynthesis, are key factors potentially influencing VPC formation. However, the mechanisms underlying VPC formation in G. elata remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified a member of the SWEET family, GeSWEET14, through single‐stem/multi‐stem (SS/MS) transcriptome screening. GeSWEET14 has the potential to increase both VPC formation and the yield of G. elata by promoting sucrose and starch biosynthesis while simultaneously reducing gastrodin biosynthesis. Further results demonstrated that the auxin increases the VPC formation by activating GeARF5‐GeSWEET14 expression. In contrast, the auxin signaling inhibitor GeIAA33 was found to be upregulated in the OE‐GeSWEET14 transgenic lines. GeIAA33 interacts with GeARF5 both in vivo and in vitro , attenuating its transcriptional activation of GeSWEET14 and thus establishing a feedback regulatory mechanism. Moreover, GeARF5 promotes the accumulation of sucrose and starch by binding to the promoters of GeISA3 and GeglgB1 . Additionally, GeARF5 enhances gastrodin biosynthesis by binding to the promoters of GePAL1 and GeGT3‐1 . Collectively, these findings elucidate the role of the GeARF5/GeIAA33‐GeSWEET14 module in VPC formation and secondary metabolite accumulation, providing a foundation for the genetic improvement of G. elata germplasm resources