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Evaluation of the accuracy of markerless algorithms in a paediatric population for upper limb movements in everyday life
No full textInternational audienc
Gender differences in audience participation at infectious disease and microbiology conferences: a prospective observational study
No full textInternational audienceObjectivesIn medicine, women constitute a large proportion of the workforce but remain underrepresented in senior positions. Scientific conferences, critical for career advancement, reflect these inequities, with prior studies documenting gender gaps in invited speakers. However, less attention has been given to audience engagement, such as asking questions or making comments, which also enhances professional visibility. This study investigates gender differences in audience participation at infectious disease and clinical microbiology conferences, examining their prevalence, contextual variation, and potential structural drivers.MethodsThis prospective observational study recorded audience participations during national and international infectious disease and clinical microbiology conferences (October 2023–October 2024). Consortium members documented eligible sessions with traditional presentation–discussion formats, noting gender, role, and type of participation. Statistical analyses compared observed gender proportions with attendee distributions and examined factors associated with women's participation.ResultsA total of 298 sessions from 24 conferences were analysed, comprising 1873 audience participations. Women delivered 47.8% of presentations (n = 487/1018; 95% CI, 44.8–50.9%) but accounted for only 36.4% of participations (n = 681/1873; 95% CI, 34.2–38.5%), significantly fewer than men both in absolute terms and relative to their representation among attendees (p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis showed women were more likely to intervene when at least one moderator was female (OR = 1.44; 95% CI, 1.02–2.04%; p 0.037), with a stronger effect when all moderators were women (OR = 2.12; 95% CI, 1.40–3.24%; p < 0.001), and when the first question was asked by a woman (OR = 1.35; 95% CI, 1.00–1.81%; p 0.046).ConclusionOur findings highlight actionable levers to advance equity. Addressing participation gaps and raising awareness of gender disparities are essential to foster inclusive visibility, empower women, and strengthen scientific innovation
La fabrique du monument : l'abbaye de Jumièges par le prisme du romantisme
No full textL’abbaye de Jumièges, fondée au milieu du VIIe siècle, est aujourd’hui l’un des complexes monumentaux les plus emblématiques de la Normandie. L’ancien duché est pourtant constellé d’établissements religieux tout aussi riches et d’une importance historique au moins égale. Cette renommée découle en fait de la métamorphose du site, après la Révolution française, en un champs de ruines que deux grandes familles bourgeoises, Caumont puis Lepel Cointet, ont finement ciselé pour en faire la quintessence du romantisme normand.D’abord instrumentalisées comme faire-valoir pour un riche homme d’affaire avide de notoriété, les ruines, savamment apprêtées et parées d’une verdure sauvage soigneusement entretenue, vont rapidement devenir l’une des étapes obligatoires des artistes voyageant sur les bords de la Seine, qui vont les immortaliser et les glorifier.Dès lors, le monument n’est plus cette somptueuse abbaye mais son cadavre. Les restaurations entreprises depuis le XIXe siècle n‘ont d’autre objectif que de conserver le transi, jusqu’à le débarrasser des ses oripeaux romantiques, qui en ont fait la réputation mais qui menacent sa stabilité
LAD2025, A constraint-based solver for the subgraph isomorphism problem
No full textInternational audienceThe Subgraph Isomorphism Problem (SIP) is an N P-complete problem that aims at finding a copy of a pattern graph in a target graph. It may be modelled as a constraint satisfaction problem in a very straightforward way, and exact approaches for solving SIPs usually propagate constraints to reduce the search space. In particular, PathLAD is a solver introduced in 2016 that combines Locally All Different (LAD) constraints with path-based supplemental constraints. In this paper, we introduce LAD2025, which combines a complete refactoring of PathLAD with new features: new supplemental constraints, a weight-based variable ordering heuristic, random restarts with nogood recording, a new value ordering heuristic and a rule for selecting the level of filtering
Intégrer des enjeux éthiques, sociétaux et environnementaux dans un cours de conception d'algorithmes
No full textThis document, intended for computer science teachers, describes a case study that puts into practice a questioning of ethical, societal and environmental issues when designing or implementing a decision support system. This study is based on a very popular application, namely road navigation software that informs users of real-time traffic conditions and suggests routes between a starting point and a destination, taking these conditions into account (such as Waze). The approach proposes to intertwine technical considerations (optimal path algorithms, data needed for location, etc.) with a broader view of the ethical, environmental and societal issues raised by the tools studied. Based on the authors' experience conducting sessions with students over several years, this document discusses the context of such a study, suggests teaching resources for implementing it, describes ways to structure discussions, and shares scenarios in different teaching contexts.Ce document, à destination des enseignants d'informatique, décrit une étude de cas qui met en pratique un questionnement sur les enjeux éthiques, sociétaux et environnementaux lors de la conception ou de la mise en œuvre d’un algorithme d'aide à la décision. Cette étude s'appuie sur une application très populaire, à savoir un logiciel d’aide à la navigation routière informant les utilisateurs des conditions de trafic en temps réel, et leur proposant des itinéraires entre une origine et une destination en tenant compte de ces conditions (type Waze). L'approche propose d'entrelacer des considérations techniques (algorithmes de chemins optimaux, données nécessaires pour se localiser, etc.) et une prise de recul sur les enjeux éthiques, environnementaux et sociétaux des outils étudiés. En s'appuyant sur l'expérience conduite par les auteurs depuis plusieurs années en séance face à des étudiants, ce document discute le contexte d'une telle étude, propose des ressources pédagogiques pour mettre en œuvre cette étude, décrit des pistes pour structurer les échanges et partage des scénarisations dans différents contextes pédagogiques
Regularized local multiband complex wavelet analysis for piecewise homogeneous anisotropic self-similar textures
No full textTexture analysis consists of a classical and ever-lasting task in image processing, often involved in a broad range of applications, possibly very different in nature. For large classes of textures, scale-free (or fractal) spatial dynamics as well as anisotropy constitute key properties. However, the local (pixel-wise) joint estimation of anisotropy and scale-free attributes constitutes a difficult challenge, as both consist of non-local properties. Yet accurately detecting variations of these attributes across the image is often crucial. The overarching goal of the present work is thus to propose an inverse problem formulation for the analysis of piecewise homogeneous textures, grounded jointly on scale-free dynamics and anisotropy, and to study its performance for local assessment of textures. It combines several major contributions. First, piecewise homogeneous Gaussian fields are defined as texture mixture models, with prescribed scale-free and anisotropy properties. Second, Multiband complex wavelet coefficients, implemented via (non-decimated) dual-tree fast algorithms, are theoretically shown to be sensitive to both scale-free and anisotropy. Notably, it is shown that the squared-modulus of the wavelet coefficients behaves locally (or pixel-wise) approximately as power-laws, with both scaling exponent and intercept jointly sensitive to anisotropy and scale-free dynamics. Thus, a key originality of the present work is to propose to perform local analysis of intrinsically non local properties without having recourse to local averages, that would significantly impair accurate segmentation or accurate local characterization. Third, these local power-law like behaviours, combined with regularization terms enforcing piecewise homogeneity, are embedded into a minimization procedure, solved by an optimization algorithm, whose convergence conditions are theoretically well-studied, and practically implemented through an efficient proximal algorithm due to strong convexity of the resulting minimization problem. Segmentation performance achieved by the proposed procedure are quantified and compared with respect to the difficulty of the segmentation task, for synthetic piecewise homogeneous Gaussian fields. The potential of the proposed texture analysis tool is also illustrated at work on real-world textures
Mobility in adults with visual impairment: Results from an online survey
No full textInternational audienc
Ionomic exploration of the geographical and geological origins of mountain pasture cow milks in the French Massif central
No full textInternational audienceIonomic profiling was used to characterize the multielemental composition of raw cow milk during mountain pasture in the French Massif central, and to assess its potential as an indicator of geographical and geological origin. Eighteen milk samples were analyzed by ICP-MS from farms in three mountain sectors (Sancy, Cantal, Other), located on volcanic and non-volcanic sites. Of the 61 analyzed elements, 32 were consistently quantified, several of them (Pd, Zr and Nb) being reported for the first time in milk. Multivariate statistical analyses permitted to differentiate geographical provenances and geological conditions based on specific sets of elements. Pearson correlations analyses revealed geology-driven soil-to-milk transfer processes, exemplified by the element pairs -(Rb,Te) and (Sr,Pd), underscoring the influence of terroir on milk composition. Further research should focus on the soil-plant-milk continuum to better understand these geochemical pathways and to support the concept of milk terroir for the PDO cheese sector
Tet2 deficiency promotes IgG1+ B‐cell expansion and differentiation blockade through deregulation of the Nfkbia –c‐Rel axis
No full textInternational audienceThe germinal center (GC) reaction is essential for orchestrating humoral immunity by producing plasma cells (PCs) and memory B cells (MBCs). TET2, an α‐ketoglutarate‐dependent dioxygenase, plays a critical role in B‐cell exit from the GC and in plasma cell differentiation. Moreover, TET2 functions as a tumor suppressor in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), with mutations frequently observed in the ST2 DLBCL subgroup, which is marked by elevated NF‐κB and PI3K signaling and predominant expression of IgG B‐cell receptors (BCRs). We used a combination of in vivo mouse models and in vitro differentiation systems to investigate the effects of Tet2 deficiency on IgG1+ GC B‐cells. We performed flow cytometry, gene expression, and DNA methylation analysis to assess differentiation, proliferation, and molecular alterations. Tet2 ‐deficient IgG1+ GC B‐cells displayed impaired differentiation into both PCs and MBCs, accompanied by enhanced proliferation. These cells exhibited hypermethylation and repression of the Nfkbia locus, increased activation of the NF‐κB subunit c‐Rel, and sustained high levels of surface IgG1. Upon recall immunization, Tet2 ‐deficient IgG1+ MBCs failed to efficiently differentiate into PCs, resulting in their accumulation and further GC expansion. These findings demonstrate that Tet2 is essential for balancing proliferation and terminal differentiation of IgG1+ GC B‐cells during the humoral response. The impaired regulation of this balance due to Tet2 loss provides mechanistic insight into a contributory pathway that may facilitate DLBCL transformation in TET2 ‐mutated cases