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Introduction to Animal Communication
No full textInternational audienceIn the latest edition of the encyclopedia, published in 2006, a thematic section dedicated to “animal communication” was created. Obviously, this topic has now earned its credentials in a linguistic encyclopedia and is no longer the exclusive domain of ethologists and researchers in animal behavior. Animal communication (including human and interspecies communication) is a relevant area of research for studying social, cognitive and linguistic phenomena. Beyond researchers in animal behavior, such a theme is therefore likely to be of interest to linguists (the primary audience of this encyclopedia) as well as to philosophers of language, psychologists, and researchers in the social sciences
Predictors of brain death after hanging-induced cardiac arrest
No full textInternational audienceBrain death after hanging-induced cardiac arrest is a fatal complication about which few data are available. We aimed at identifying the early predictors of progression to brain death in patients with hanging-induced cardiac arrest
Shared Decision Making among Patients with Chronic Conditions in France: A Cross-Sectional Survey in the ComPaRe E-Cohort
No full textInternational audienceBackground Shared decision making (SDM) is a cornerstone of patient-centered care; however, little information is available on how SDM is practiced in routine care. We aimed to assess the level of SDM perceived by patients with chronic conditions for the most important health decision in the past 12 mo. Methods This was a cross-sectional online survey among ComPaRe, a nationwide e-cohort of patients with chronic conditions in France. The survey asked participants about their perception of SDM using the 9-item Shared Decision-Making Questionnaire (SDM-Q-9) regarding their most important health decision in the past 12 mo. We weighted the sample to represent French patients with chronic conditions and conducted regression models to identify factors associated with higher SDM levels, adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Results In total, 2,087 patients were analyzed (participation rate: 34.9%). In the weighted sample, 53.0% were women, the mean (SD) age was 51.0 (15) y, and the most frequent conditions were endometriosis (27.3%), inflammatory rheumatic diseases (20.7%), and high blood pressure (19.3%). The most important health decisions in the past 12 mo were mainly about drug treatments (36.5%) or surgery (20.5%). The mean (SD) SDM-Q-9 score was 63 (27)/100 (moderate level of SDM). The highest scores were observed for cancer (70 [26]) and depression (69 [26]), whereas the lowest scores were for long COVID (54 [28]) and endometriosis (58 [25]). Decisions about surgery (71 [25]) and with specialists (64 [27]) were associated with higher scores compared with medication decisions (60 [28]) or with general practitioners (62 [27]). Multivariate analysis confirmed that a higher SDM level was associated with being a man; having higher health literacy; making decisions relating to cancer, surgery, or medical devices; and specialist involvement. Conclusions Patients with chronic conditions in France report moderate levels of SDM, with substantial variations by condition, decision type, and patient characteristics. Findings highlight the need for tailored strategies to foster SDM in chronic care. Highlights Shared decision making (SDM) is considered a key component of the chronic disease management model. This study provides the first nationwide assessment of perceived SDM levels among patients with chronic conditions in France. Patients have a moderate overall SDM score, but significant disparities exist. Patients with less recognized conditions such as long COVID or endometriosis, low health literacy, and high treatment burden reported significantly lower SDM scores as compared with others in their care decisions. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to improve SDM implementation
Determinants of Health Literacy‐Tailored Communication Practices Adoption in French Community Pharmacies: A Theoretical Domains Framework Mixed‐Methods Study
No full textInternational audienceABSTRACT Background Community pharmacy workers (CPW) have a crucial role in enhancing patients' understanding and empowerment about their disease in accordance with their health literacy (HL) level. We aimed to explore the barriers and enablers of CPWs' behaviours regarding HL in the interactions with patients with chronic conditions: 1/assessing patients' HL level and 2/tailoring communication to HL level. Methods We conducted a cross‐sectional sequential explanatory mixed‐method study. The study was underpinned by the theoretical domain framework (TDF) that maps the key psychological and organizational factors that influence behavior of health professionals. First, an online self‐completed questionnaire on TDF determinants of implementation behavior was sent to CPWs (pharmacists and pharmacy technicians in Auvergne‐Rhône‐Alpes, France). Findings were analysed using the confidence interval‐based estimation of relevance method. Second, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with a sample of survey respondents, to detail the information previously gathered. Results Among the 111 respondents (91 pharmacists and 20 technicians), 84% stated that they were not aware of the concept of HL. However, after being shortly introduced to HL, most claimed to informally assess patient HL level and adapt their communication accordingly, however their assessment was described as based on subjective and unstructured approaches. Key barriers were the lack of an adapted environment (no clear indication in the pharmacy environment), resources (lack of time, staff, specific remuneration, tools dedicated to assess patients' HL level), and habitual behavior (they did not routinely assess all patients' HL and the time of the day influenced whether they adapt or not their communication to patients' HL level), and the difficulties to contact other healthcare providers (to have a multidisciplinary approach to improve patients' HL level). Conclusions This study identified determinants that could be targeted to enhance adoption of HL‐tailored communication techniques in community pharmacy. Our results might guide the development of effective theory‐based interventions to improve communication practices among CPW
Le Château du Roy, Domme (24), Dordogne, Nouvelle-Aquitaine : rapport de fouille archéologique programmée
No full textOptimization of Radioluminescent Fiber Dosimeter for Space Missions
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Lanthanide complexes with acetophenone-based push-pull antennas as efficient MRI and two-photon microscopy imaging probes
No full textInternational audienceLanthanide(iii) (Ln3+) complexes possess unique magnetic and optical properties that make them ideal candidates for the development of multimodal MRI and optical probes. However, the requirements for developing effective MRI and optical probes are difficult to meet within a single ligand. Here, we propose the use of a DOTA-type ligand equipped with a pi-extended acetophenone moiety that (i) serves as a coordinating moiety to form stable Ln3+ complexes, (ii) acts as a 2P-excitable push-pull antenna to sensitize Eu3+ luminescence, and (iii) displays a carboxylate handle offering high water solubility and enabling conjugation to biomolecules for targeting purposes. We show that the Ln3+ complexes obtained are kinetically inert and thermodynamically stable. The Gd3+ complex exhibits positive in vivo characteristics with good contrast in all organs and rapid renal clearance, while the corresponding Eu3+ complex has excellent one-photon and two-photon (2P) absorption properties enabling high-quality in vivo 2P microscopy imaging of zebrafish embryos or in vitro imaging of living cells when conjugated to a cell-penetrating peptide
Deuteron coalescence probability in jets in p-Pb collisions at TeV
No full textInternational audienceThis article presents the first measurement of the (anti)deuteron and antiproton transverse-momentum distributions, the deuteron coalescence parameter, and the ratio between the yields of deuteron and proton in and out of jets in p-Pb collisions at TeV. Three regions are used to study the jet-correlated production: Toward, Away, and Transverse to the jet axis, which direction is approximated by the leading particle in the event with GeV/. The jet contribution is obtained from the Toward region by subtracting the underlying event, which dominates the Transverse region. In p-Pb collisions, an enhancement of the coalescence parameter is observed in jets compared to the underlying event. The enhancement is larger than the one observed in a similar analysis already in pp collisions. The results are compared with predictions from PYTHIA 8.314 using the Angantyr model with a deuteron production model based on ordinary nuclear reactions. The model is able to qualitatively reproduce the large enhancement of the coalescence parameter in jets with respect to the out-of-jets one. The results are further compared in detail with similar ones from previous studies for pp collisions at TeV
Le comparatisme en cognition sociale : que compare-t-on au juste ?
No full textInternational audienceCette intervention sera l’occasion de présenter mes recherches en cours sur l’histoire de la psychologie comparée et de l’éthologie européenne, ayant donné naissance à un champ disciplinaire plus récent, qui enquête sur la « cognition sociale » (humaine et non-humaine). Il s’agira notamment de s’interroger sur la mise en œuvre pratique de ce comparatisme quand il est question d’investiguer les capacités sociales des individus : comment le « social » est-il conceptualisé ? Le social des éthologues est-il le même que le social des psychologues, ou que celui des sociologues
