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Search for heavy scalar resonances decaying to Lorentz-boosted Higgs and Higgs-like bosons in the 4q final state at = 13 TeV
No full textInternational audienceA search is performed for a heavy scalar resonance X decaying to a Higgs boson (H) and a Higgs-like scalar boson (Y) in the two bottom quark (H ) and four quark (Y VV 4q) final state, where V denotes a W or Z boson. Masses of the X between 900 and 4000 GeV and the Y between 60 and 2800 GeV are considered. The search is performed in data collected by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC from proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV center-of-mass energy, with a data set corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 138 fb. It targets the Lorentz-boosted regime, in which the products of the H decay can be reconstructed as a single large-area jet, and those from the Y VV 4q decay as either one Y 4q or two V to jets. Jet identification and mass reconstruction exploit machine-learning tools, including a novel attention-based "particle transformer" for Y 4q identification. No significant excess is observed in the data above the standard model background expectation. Upper limits on the product of production cross section and branching fraction as low as 0.2 fb are derived at 95% confidence level for various mass hypotheses. This is the first search at the LHC for scalar resonances in the all-hadronic VV decay channel
Measurement and effective field theory interpretation of the photon-fusion production cross section of a pair of W bosons in proton-proton collisions at = 13 TeV
No full textInternational audienceThis analysis presents an observation of the photon-fusion production of W boson pairs using the CMS detector at the LHC. The total cross section of the WW production in photon fusion is measured using proton-proton collision data with an integrated luminosity of 138 fb collected with the CMS detector in 20162018 at a center-of-mass energy of = 13 TeV. Events are selected in the final state with one isolated electron and one isolated muon, and no additional tracks associated with the electron-muon production vertex. The total and fiducial production cross sections are 643 fb and 3.96 fb, respectively, in agreement with the standard model predictions of 631 126 fb and 3.87 0.77 fb. This agreement enables stringent constraints to be imposed on anomalous quartic gauge couplings within a dimension-8 effective field theory framework
Search for heavy long-lived charged particles with level-1 trigger scouting data from proton-proton collisions at = 13.6 TeV
No full textInternational audienceA search for heavy long-lived charged particles at the LHC is presented. Particles interacting with the CMS muon detector across several bunch crossings are searched for using a data sample of proton-proton collisions at = 13.6 TeV collected with the CMS detector in 2024, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.7 fb. This is the first search relying on the novel level-1 trigger scouting data set collected without any trigger selection, allowing correlations between bunch crossings to be analyzed. The results are interpreted as upper limits on the cross sections of several benchmark processes with pair production of heavy long-lived charged particles. Upper limits on the fiducial cross section of a heavy long-lived charged particle with 500 GeV and 0.83 are also set in different ranges of . This analysis is a crucial proof of concept for the level-1 trigger data scouting system and complements existing searches for heavy long-lived charged particles by extending the sensitivity to lower values
Novel assays to assess the prevalence and neutralizing potential of anti-IdeS antibodies in healthy humans
No full textInternational audienceBackground: The IgG-degrading enzyme IdeS (imlifidase) is a cysteine protease produced by Streptococcus pyogenes. It specifically hydrolyzes human IgG, cleaving the molecule to separate the F(ab’)2 fragment from the Fc region, thereby promoting IgG catabolism. The therapeutic form of IdeS (Idefirix®) is currently approved for use in patients undergoing kidney transplantation to eliminate donor-specific IgG, and in patients with Goodpasture syndrome to remove pathogenic anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies. IgG antibodies directed against IdeS have been previously reported in both healthy individuals and kidney transplant recipients. However, the occurrence and potential clinical significance of anti-IdeS IgA antibodies and IdeS neutralizing antibodies have not been thoroughly investigated.Methods: In this study, we developed semi-quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, synthesized a specific IdeS substrate, and validated a quantitative neutralization assay to detect and quantify anti-IdeS IgG, IgA, and IdeS neutralizing antibodies in healthy human plasma and serum samples.Results: We demonstrate the presence of anti-IdeS IgG capable of neutralizing IdeS enzymatic activity in therapeutic preparations of pooled normal human IgG (IVIg). Anti-IdeS IgG and IgA antibodies were detected in the plasma and serum of over 85% of 136 healthy individuals. However, clinically significant levels of IdeS-neutralizing activity were found in only ~1% of the individuals tested. IdeS-neutralizing activity was mediated exclusively by IgG, not IgA, and did not systematically correlate with levels of anti-IdeS IgG.Conclusions: Anti-IdeS IgG and IgA are highly prevalent in the normal population. This may relate to repeated infection by S. pyogenes. However, we found a low prevalence of clinically relevant levels of IdeS neutralizing antibodies. These findings highlight the need for a prospective clinical trial to assess IdeS-binding and IdeS-neutralizing antibody levels in kidney transplant recipients. Our novel functional IdeS neutralization assay offers a predictive tool to guide personalized medicine and determine patient eligibility for IdeS-based desensitization protocols
Avis du CNGOF concernant les accouchements instrumentaux par ventouse obstétricale
No full textNational audienceLa commission d’obstétrique du CNGOF, saisie par le CNP GOGM à la demande de l’ANSM, a examiné la sécurité d’utilisation des ventouses obstétricales. L’accouchement instrumental peut être réalisé pour écourter l’expulsion, notamment en cas de ralentissement du rythme cardiaque fœtal. Les instruments disponibles sont la ventouse, le forceps et les spatules, le choix dépendant de la situation et de l’opérateur. En France, environ 12 % des naissances sont instrumentales, un taux stable depuis 2016. La ventouse est utilisée dans environ deux tiers des cas, proportion similaire à celle observée dans la plupart des pays européens et au Canada, mais supérieure à celle des États-Unis. La ventouse agit par dépression sur le scalp fœtal, permettant une traction contrôlée et sécurisée. Les complications maternelles (lésions périnéales, hémorragies) et néonatales (notamment hémorragies intracrâniennes) sont rares et comparables à celles observées lors des césariennes en cours de travail. Les études épidémiologiques ne mettent pas en évidence de surrisque neurologique ou de séquelles à long terme chez les enfants nés par ventouse. Comparée au forceps, la ventouse réduit la morbidité maternelle, notamment le risque de lésion du sphincter anal, sans différence notable sur la santé néonatale globale, hormis un léger sur-risque de céphalhématome ou d’ictère. Aucune différence n’est observée selon l’expérience de l’opérateur. En conclusion, l’accouchement instrumental par ventouse qui fait partie des techniques recommandées par le CNGOF, constitue une alternative pertinente à la césarienne à dilatation complète
Implementing SPHINCS+ on Embedded Systems: Ensuring Performance in Resource-Constrained Environments
No full textInternational audienceQuantum computing poses a significant threat to widely used public-key cryptographic schemes such as RSA and ECDSA. Post-quantum cryptographic (PQC) algorithms like SPHINCS+, recently standardized in Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) 205, offer a quantum-resistant alternative but are resource-intensive and challenging to deploy on embedded systems with strict real-time constraints. In this work, we investigate the feasibility of accelerating SPHINCS+ on Traveo II embedded platforms dedicated to automotive applications, specifically the 1M (CYT2B7) variant, featuring an Arm Cortex-M4F with Cortex-M0+ cryptographic cores and integrated SHA-2 accelerators. By offloading key hash operations and leveraging multicore execution across the application and Hardware Security Module (HSM) cores, we achieve measurable performance gains. Our results show that this hybrid approach can bring SPHINCS+ execution times within limits acceptable for automotive-grade embedded systems. However, to meet stricter real-time requirements, dedicated hardware support such as FPGA-based accelerators or integrated PQC co-processors will be necessary. These findings contribute to bridging the gap between post-quantum cryptography and practical deployment in constrained embedded environments
Rhenium‐Based Dual‐Function Materials for Integrated CO<sub>2</sub> Capture and Methanation
No full textInternational audienceIntegrated CO2 capture and utilization (ICCU) is a promising transition route for mitigating flue-gas emissions while producing useful energy-carrying chemicals. This study reveals the potential of rhenium as an alternative to nickel or ruthenium for catalyzing CO2 methanation. It is shown that the mixing of Re/γ-Al2O3 with CeO2 or a synthetic hydrotalcite-derived Mg–Al oxide (layered double oxide [LDO]) provides tunable low-Re-content dual-function materials (DFMs) with 100% CO2 conversion and 100% methane selectivity at 300°C under cyclic operation. The direct deposition of rhenium, in an atomically dispersed form, onto CeO2 or LDO increases the methane yield up to 128 µmol/g per 10 + 10 min cycle, suggesting a synergy between catalytic and adsorbing functions. In contrast, these two systems are poorly selective to methane in conventional gas-phase CO2–H2 reaction, showing the beneficial effect of sequential adsorption–hydrogenation operation on selectivity. In terms of stability, Re/CeO2 appears as the most efficient DFM, showing stable methane production over 50 cycles, moderate deactivation in the presence of water, and full recovery after return to dry conditions. An operando diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS) investigation of this catalyst under both ICCU and conventional hydrogenation discloses the nature of molecular adsorbates (CO, formates) and their dependence on the reaction regime. In situ Raman spectroscopy shows that the oxidation state of the active ReOx species undergoes only minor modifications upon alternating CO2 and H2 steps, maintaining predominantly Re7+ moieties
Se reconstruire par l'activité physique avec une maladie chronique.: Mise en tension des professionnalités en référence à trois paradigmes
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Le chinois dans tous ses états : Une anthologie augmentée (18e-21e siècles)
No full textInternational audienceCette anthologie est destinée aux jeunes chercheurs — historiens, sociologues, linguistes, anthropologues — qui se destinent à l'étude de la Chine moderne et contemporaine. Ce livre part d'un constat simple : d'un côté, il existe pléthore de manuels conversationnels destinés à la vie courante, mais qui sont d'un secours limité pour affronter les difficultés propres aux documents écrits dans une langue parfois bien différente. De l’autre, nous avons quelques rares excellents manuels d’histoire et de sciences sociales — que nous devons notamment à certains contributeurs de cette anthologie — mais qui accordent peu de place aux matériaux de première main qui ont permis d'établir cette connaissance. Entre les deux, le jeune spécialiste doit naviguer dans un territoire mal balisé et s'initier par ses propres moyens à des documents dont la langue et les références culturelles n'ont pas été conçues dans une perspective pédagogique. Cet ouvrage vise à l’aider à combler cette lacune en rapprochant la connaissance scientifique sur le monde chinois des sources sur lesquelles elle se fonde
Familles monoparentales face à la précarité énergétique
No full textInternational audienceFuel poverty is a category of public action that refers to situations where a household is unable to heat – or cool – its home sufficiently, or to access the energy required for cooking, domestic hot water, etc. It is a situation that affects single-parent households disproportionately. We analyze the data available on this problem in France and present the experience of a not profit organization working with these families.La « précarité énergétique » est une catégorie de l’action publique qui désigne la situation où un ménage ne parvient pas à suffisamment chauffer – ou rafraîchir – son logement, ni à disposer de l’énergie nécessaire pour la cuisson, l‘eau chaude sanitaire, etc. Cette situation frappe de manière disproportionnée les ménages monoparentaux. Nous analysons les données disponibles sur ce problème en France ainsi que l’expérience d’acteurs associatifs qui les accompagnent