Le Mans Université Archives Ouvertes
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Louise de Savoie. L'art du pouvoir à l'aube de la Renaissance
No full textInternational audienceMais qui était donc véritablement Louise de Savoie, mère de François Ier, inoubliable figure de la première modernité ?Née au temps de Charles le Téméraire et de Louis XI, mariée à douze ans au duc Charles d'Angoulême, un prince du sang désargenté et aux tentations rebelles que la Couronne veut remettre dans le rang, Louise de Savoie (1476-1531) se retrouve brutalement, à moins de vingt ans, veuve, chargée de deux enfants en bas âge – Marguerite et François de Valois.Par sa solide éducation, sa fine connaissance des lignées dynastiques et du jeu politique européen, et sa proximité avec la famille royale, elle parvient à dessiner le chemin qui mènera son fils François jusqu'au trône. Et, alors que le pouvoir se conjugue déjà et surtout au masculin, elle se voit par deux fois confier la régence, tenant alors fermement la barre d'un pays chahuté.Mais quels furent les espoirs, les joies, les angoisses et les douleurs de celle qui fut enterrée comme une souveraine par son fils, bien qu'elle n'ait jamais porté que la couronne ducale ? Patricia Eichel-Lojkine nous plonge dans les méandres d'une vie riche et houleuse, en brossant un portrait à la fois politique et intime de cette femme d'exception
Proches et lointains, dans l’espace et dans le temps : l’imagerie et l’idéologie des céramistes égéens installés en Italie méridionale au VII siècle avant J.-Chr.,
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The Greeks among the natives: Culture, ritual, and craftmanship in non-colonial spaces of the Southern Italy Iron Age
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Seasonal dynamics of mudflat foraminifera linked to diatom species and traits
No full textInternational audienceThe trophic ecology of benthic foraminifera in intertidal mudflats is closely linked to diatoms, a dominant component of the microphytobenthos (MPB). Although experimental studies and metabarcoding have clarified foraminiferal diets, in situ assessments of the temporal dynamics of diatoms and foraminifera remain limited. In this study, we examined the seasonal dynamics of adult (> 150 µm) foraminiferal species over a notable 3.5-year monthly monitoring period at the La Coupelasse mudflat (Bay of Bourgneuf, French Atlantic coast). We related these dynamics to 25 environmental variables and to diatom assemblages, focusing on their traits (size, shape, and life-form). La Coupelasse exhibited a clear seasonal pattern driven by bay hydrodynamics, which regulated the availability of redox-sensitive metals, nutrients, and MPB biomass, thereby shaping the environmental context for benthic communities. Diatom traits, whether considered individually or in combination (“size + shape + life-form”), revealed distinct seasonal strategies that complemented species-level analyses. While species-level data provided a detailed understanding of foraminiferal temporal dynamics, combining diatom traits offered a more effective way to identify seasonal dietary shifts. The four dominant foraminiferal species occupied different seasonal niches, with Ammonia confertitesta and Haynesina germanica showing synchronized biannual peaks in spring and autumn, but differed in dietary responses, as H. germanica responded only to diatom shape. Elphidium oceanense displayed a single annual peak in early autumn, corresponding to a broader trophic flexibility across diatom traits, while Elphidium selseyense showed a late spring peak and remained enigmatic regarding its diatom food preferences. Overall, using combined diatom traits outperformed both species identity and MPB biomass in predicting foraminiferal patterns, highlighting their potential to simplify diatom–foraminifera trophic ecology by overcoming diatom taxonomic constraints. These findings shed light on our understanding of benthic ecology and suggest that trait-based approaches, when integrated with spatial and microbiome data, can enhance predictions of ecosystem responses to environmental change
Ultramafic float rocks at Jezero crater (Mars): excavation of lower crustal rocks or mantle peridotites by impact cratering?
No full textInternational audienceBased on observation and data from meteorites and in situ scientific missions, experiments as well as models, the Martian mantle is assumed to share some compositional and mineralogical affinity with the terrestrial mantle. However, there might be subtle differences like the Martian mantle being more ferroan. Yet, we do not have any direct analysis of a Martian mantle rock to confirm this assumption. NASA’s Perseverance rover found olivine-rich boulder-sized float rocks on the upper Jezero fan (Mars). These boulders have an ultramafic composition and their mineralogy is dominantly composed of Fo73±3 olivine with high-Mg orthopyroxene, Cr-rich Ti-Fe oxides and minor plagioclase and high-Ca pyroxene. Microtextural and petrological analysis reveals that these minerals crystallized at equilibrium. In addition, these boulders are different from all the bedrocks analyzed by Perseverance along its traverse which are crustal igneous rocks and sediments. Comparing our data to Martian meteorites and available Mars bulk silicate models (BSM), we discuss that these boulders could represent primitive melts and/or lower crustal material, and we specifically hypothesize that they could be mantle peridotites. We propose that these putative mantle rocks could have been excavated by the succession of impacts from the shallow mantle or lower crust in the Isidis region where Jezero crater is located. These olivine-rich boulders could thereby constitute the first direct analysis of a Martian mantle rock
Parcours singulier, construction collective : l’émergence et l’ancrage du numérique dans lesformations universitaires en FLE à travers la trajectoire de François Mangenot
No full textInternational audienceLe numérique fait aujourd’hui partie intégrante du curriculum du master FLE, constituant à la fois une compétence à acquérir, un vecteur de diffusion et un champ de spécialisation à travers des parcours en ingénierie pédagogique. Pourtant, cette dimension était absente du programme national lors de l’universitarisation de la filière en 1983. Dans une perspective institutionnelle et épistémologique, cette étude s’appuie sur la trajectoire de François Mangenot, figure pionnière du domaine, pour documenter l’intégration du numérique dans la formation universitaire, et plus largement dans le champ de la didactique du FLE. Adopter une approche historique permet de prendre le recul nécessaire pour interroger les enjeux contemporains du postdigital, marqués par l’omniprésence technologique et les tensions croissantes pesant sur les enseignants face à l’innovation constante
Feasibility and acceptability of a new adapted physical activity program for children with chronic disease: a pilot study
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary time in children and adolescents with chronic illness is a critical challenge. Despite several studies supporting the benefits of exercise programmes for improving physical and psychological health, such programmes remain relatively uncommon in the care of children and adolescents with chronic disease. Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of integrating an Adapted Physical Activity (APA) programme into routine paediatric outpatient care, aiming to bridge the gap between strong scientific findings and everyday clinical practice of paediatricians. Methods and setting: Adolescents with congenital heart disease, obesity, or sickle cell anemia voluntarily participated in a supervised 2-month APA program in the pediatric department of Nantes University Hospital. Feasibility and acceptability were assessed using study-specific questionnaires. The efficacy and benefits of the APA program were evaluated with performance measures including changes in aerobic fitness through VO2 measurements, muscle mass and fat mass, the five-times sit-to-stand test and six-minute walk test, and pediatric quality of life scores. Results. Among the 17 included adolescents (11-17 years old), 13 (76 %) completed the 2month APA program. The mean attendance was 79.4 % (18/24 sessions); 91 % enjoyed this activity; and 83 % of parents reported that this program was helpful for their adolescent. Following the intervention, patients experienced no adverse effects, reported a 7 % improvement in quality of life (p = 0.02), and demonstrated enhanced functional motor activities, including increased aerobic exercise capacity and functional performance on the sixminute walking test (+15.3 %; p < 0.01). Conclusion: These preliminary findings suggest that APA interventions are highly implementable in children with chronic diseases. We report a significant benefit on the quality of life and physical performance. Larger APA programs implementation is needed to confirm, with a high level of evidence, the importance of integration of APA programmes into routine paediatric care.</div
An analytic decomposition approach to modeling evanescent transient plane waves with an illustrative application to acoustics at a fluid–fluid interface
No full textInternational audienceThis work introduces an analytic decomposition approach for transient plane waves, broadly applicable to their interaction with layered media in linear physics. The time-domain signal, assumed to be analytic, is extended into the complex plane and then analytically decomposed into two parts, in a manner reminiscent of the Wiener–Hopf technique. The method directly provides the Hilbert transform of the signal and the expressions of the complex fields without resorting to Fourier transforms or the calculation of singular integrals. It applies to a wide class of functions capable of simulating most realistic signals, such as multi-frequency oscillatory signals of limited duration, and is particularly relevant whenever certain fields become evanescent. An illustrative application to acoustics at a fluid–fluid interface offers deeper physical insight than previously available, particularly regarding the processes that generate precursor and successor phenomena in the reflected and transmitted fields, taking advantage of both the simplicity and the effectiveness of the method