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Bulletin de veille du réseau d'écotoxicologie terrestre et aquatique N°80
No full textINRAE, réseau ECOTOX → A paraîtreBulletin de veill
L'organisation du travail des éleveuses et éleveurs en circuits alimentaires de proximité : perspectives de recherches
No full textInternational audienc
Environmental regulations and spillovers across ecosystems: Fisheries and forests protection in coastal Madagascar *
No full textPolicy analyses often treat ecosystems in isolation, overlooking the complex interconnections that define socio-ecological systems. However, conservation measures in one ecosystem may produce unintended spillover effects in another-a phenomenon that remains poorly understood. This dynamic could be particularly important in coastal regions, where one billion people live, many of whom rely on access to both fisheries and land resources for their livelihoods. In Madagascar, where agricultural expansion commonly occurs through forest conversion, we wonder if increasing the protection of one of these resources, fisheries, results in greater use and pressure on another resource, forests. We conducted a household survey of 1,120 households across 41 villages. The results show that spillovers between marine and terrestrial resources are likely to occur but that increasing the regulation of marine resources can have an ambiguous effect on deforestation. Next, we combine matching and difference-in-differences models to quantify the effect of creating 200 locally managed marine areas on deforestation across the entire country over 17 years. We find that spillovers do occur in terrestrial areas following the interventions and, on average, lead to a 68% increase in forest cover loss. This increase in deforestation is more pronounced in remote areas, in regions with greater baseline forest cover, and in places that receive less precipitation
A practitioner’s framework for reorienting plant health surveillance toward agroecological outcomes
No full textEpidemiological surveillance (ES) for crop production is the systematic process of collecting, analyzing and interpreting plant health data with the purpose of providing information for decision-making concerning practices that can avoid, mitigate or cure disease. At present, converging social and environmental concerns are increasing pressure on farmers and land managers to reduce or even phase out synthetic pesticides, creating a pressing need to better align ES with low-input, ecological-based crop production practices. Here we propose a framework for conceiving and prioritizing indicators for ES based on their potential to contribute specifically to management strategies that are curative or eradicative, prophylactic or that are based on agroecological principles. The framework organizes indicators along eight spatiotemporal axes and across different types of observations (explicit and collateral manifestations of pathogens and diseases, and predisposing factors), and it characterizes their contribution to each of the three management practices. Based on synthesis of the literature and expert knowledge for several diseases and syndromes in perennial and annual crops as illustrative case studies, we show how current epidemiological knowledge can inspire upgraded surveillance strategies that better support agroecology, and we point to future trends where additional research and tools are needed. This framework is novel because it goes beyond recent calls for modernizing ES that generally emphasize technological innovations, yet remain largely focused on observing pests and diseases without clear explanation of the associated management decisions nor the type of agricultural production system (conventional, organic, etc.) they target
Balancing drinking water security and conservation: A spatial multi-objective optimization framework for regional groundwater management under global change
No full textInternational audienceEnsuring long-term drinking water security is a critical challenge for water managers worldwide, fueled by multiple pressures including increasing water demand, deteriorating water quality, and reduced resource availability with climate change. This study addresses the need for integrated and spatially-explicit modeling tools for drinking water management at regional scale. It develops a methodological framework to support management strategies that balance drinking water security and environmental objectives, by combining drinking water supply hydro-economic modeling with high-resolution hydrogeological modeling and multiobjective optimization techniques. The coupling makes it possible to account for the spatial impacts of abstractions on groundwater levels, river-groundwater interaction, risks of salinization and satisfaction of drinking water demand, while optimizing their distribution and allocation. The framework is applied to the plain of Roussillon case study (Mediterranean France), providing insights for water management and demonstrating the scalability of the approach to a large-scale problem (167 decision variables). Results indicate optimal abstractions should be redistributed from the Pliocene toward the Quaternary aquifer (and toward upstream areas) to satisfy drinking water demands while avoiding seawater intrusion. However, results show that it will not be possible to fully satisfy future demand under drier climate without violating seawater intrusion constraints. Implementing demand-side management measures is a win-win-win strategy that reduces water shortages and environmental impacts to aquifers and rivers. Results also suggest that current regulatory abstraction caps are too generous to prevent future decline in piezometric levels under drier climate. The developed methodological framework can generalize to other basins and support analyses of adaptation strategies
From structure to function: predicting mass transfer in cellulose-based multilayer packaging materials
No full textInternational audiencePredicting barrier properties of multilayer materials is essential for designing effective food packaging. Although resistance-based models are commonly used, their applicability to complex structures, such as polymer-coated paper/cardboard, remains underexplored. This study investigates the predictive ability of these models for multilayer systems composed of cellulosic substrates laminated with poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV). Four model materials were designed to cover a wide span of barrier properties. PHBV lamination significantly improved barrier properties (up to a factor of 10 5 ), primarily through the formation of an impregnated layer rather than a continuous film. Spatial heterogeneities within the samples were integrated into the modeling approaches. Different structural assumptions were considered. None of the models accurately predicted the barrier properties of all PHBV-laminated samples, highlighting the influence of additional factors such as interfacial adhesion, polymer crystallinity, and local defects. This work proposes, for the first time, an experimental estimation of the impregnated layer's permeability (from 10 -15 to 10 -13 mol.m.m -2 . s -1 .Pa -1 for oxygen permeability to 10 -15 -10 -12 mol.m.m -2 .s -1 .Pa -1 for water vapor permeability). These findings indicate that a free polymer layer is not strictly required to achieve substantial barrier enhancement and underscore the central role of the impregnated layer in mass transfer, reinforcing the need to refine existing predictive models.</div
Une approche de la taxonomie et de la phylogénie des Oxygastridae sensu Fleck, 2018 basée sur la morphologie larvaire et imaginale (Odonata: Anisoptera)
No full textAn errata was published January 12, 2026 with the DOI: https://doi.org/10.57800/faunitaxys-14(04, https://archive.org/details/faunitaxys-f-405/page/n2/mode/1up).International audienceBased on larval and adult characters, a preliminary phylogeny of Oxygastridae sensu Fleck, 2018 is formulated. The subgenus Mesocordulia May, 1992 is accepted at genus rank, notably due to the presence of an extraordinary larval character, the genus Presba Barnard, 1933 is restored and includes P. venator and P. legator comb. nov., and new taxa are proposed : Juliecordulia n. gen. (monotypic, type species Idomacromia lieftincki), Siriusocordulia n. gen. (monotypic, type species Syncordulia serendipator), Theischingerophya n. gen. (monotypic, type species Austrophya monteithorum), Juliecorduliini n. trib. (genus Juliecordulia), Oxygastrini n. trib. (genera Oxygastra, Neocordulia and Mesocordulia) with Oxygastra as sister group to (Neocordulia + Mesocordulia), Lathrocorduliini n. trib. (genus Lathrocordulia), Austrophyiini n. trib. (genera Austrophya and Theischingerophya), Oxygastrinae n. subfam. (tribes Juliecorduliini and Oxygastrini), Macromidiinae n. subfam. (genus Macromidia), Syncorduliinae n. subfam. (genera Syncordulia, Presba, and provisionally Siriusocordulia), Micromidiinae n. subfam. (genus Micromidia), Austrophyinae n. subfam. (tribes Austrophyini and Lathrocorduliini). The Macromidiinae is considered a sister group to the Oxygastrida n. taxon (Oxygastrida: ((Oxygastrinae: Juliecorduliini + Oxygastrini) + Syncorduliinae + Micromidiinae + (Austrophyinae: Austrophyini + Lathrocorduliini))).Une phylogénie préliminaire des Oxygastridae sensu Fleck, 2018 est formulée sur la base des caractères larvaires et adultes. Le sous-genre Mesocordulia May, 1992 est accepté au rang de genre, notamment en raison de la présence d'un caractère larvaire extraordinaire, le genre Presba Barnard, 1933 est rétabli et comprend P. venator et P. legator comb. nov., et de nouveaux taxons sont proposés : Juliecordulia n.gen. (monotypique, espèce type Idomacromia lieftincki), Siriusocordulia n. gen. (monotypique, espèce type Syncordulia serendipator), Theischingerophya n. gen. (monotypique, espèce type Austrophya monteithorum), Juliecorduliini n. trib. (genre Juliecordulia), Oxygastrini n. trib. (genres Oxygastra, Neocordulia et Mesocordulia) avec Oxygastra comme groupe frère de (Neocordulia + Mesocordulia), Lathrocorduliini n. trib. (genre Lathrocordulia), Austrophyiini n. trib. (genres Austrophya et Theischingerophya), Oxygastrinae n. subfam. (tribus Juliecorduliini et Oxygastrini), Macromidiinae n. subfam. (genre Macromidia), Syncorduliinae n. subfam. (genres Syncordulia, Presba et provisoirement Siriusocordulia), Micromidiinae n. subfam. (genre Micromidia), Austrophyinae n. subfam. (tribus Austrophyini et Lathrocorduliini). La sous-famille Macromidiinae est considérée comme groupe frère des Oxygastrida n. taxon (Oxygastrida : ((Oxygastrinae : Juliecorduliini + Oxygastrini) + Syncorduliinae + Micromidiinae + (Austrophyinae : Austrophyini + Lathrocorduliini)))
An angiosperm‐wide perspective on reproductive strategies and floral traits
No full textInternational audienceFlowering plants have many modes of sexual reproduction, notably varying from selfing to outcrossing, and from bisexual flowers to individuals with separate sexes (dioecy). These reproductive modes are associated with floral and life‐history traits that have evolved together, making it difficult to interpret correlations between traits. We analysed variation in 21 traits related to flowers, pollination, mating, sexual systems and life history from 361 species representative of flowering plant diversity. Outcrossing was mainly found among long‐lived, large‐stature plants, but hermaphroditic outcrossers and dioecious species appeared as largely nonoverlapping strategies in the trait space. Level of floral investment was the main difference between these strategies, with dioecious species having generally smaller, less rewarding flowers, a pattern that also occurred in biotically pollinated species. This multi‐trait study shows that pollination can be achieved in many, often contrasting, ways. Despite extensive variation in reproductive traits, dioecy stands out as being linked to floral traits primarily, while correlations with lifespan and dispersal traits appear spurious. We provide a conceptual framework based on lifespan, floral investment and sexual separation that can be used to integrate pollination, reproduction and plant growth in future research on plant evolution and ecology
Coordinated single-nucleus responses for quantitative disease resistance involve a calcium-associated switch in transcriptional noise
No full textInternational audienceBackground Efficient plant immune response requires concerted reprogramming of cellular transcriptomes both globally and locally at the site of infection. Upon inoculation by the fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum , plants show quantitative disease resistance characterized by transcriptional reprogramming of numerous genes with small phenotypic effect.Results To study transcriptional heterogeneity across cells during quantitative disease resistance, we combine end-point single-nucleus RNA-sequencing and time-course RNA-seq of mock-treated and S. sclerotiorum- inoculated Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. We observe heterogeneity of plant immune responses across cell types and in sub-populations of mesophyll cells, and reconstruct the sequence of immune responses activation over time. The quantification of gene expression heterogeneity reveals a transient increase in intrinsic transcriptional noise followed by the activation of key defense genes and the rise of extrinsic transcriptional noise in infected cells. Using the R-GECO1 cytoplasmic calcium reporter, we find that the intensity of calcium variations upon S. sclerotiorum inoculation coincides with variations to transcriptional noise in space and time. Conclusions These results provide evidence that stochastic cell–cell variability plays a key role in commitment to plant immunity and in the coordination of plant defense at the organ scale. Our study offers new insights into the mechanisms underlying plasticity and robustness of plant immune responses that can inform the design of strategies to reduce pathogen damage to crops in unstable environments
Tempo and mode in biological invasions: exotic rodents in the small mammal community of Bamako (Mali)
No full textInternational audienceSmall mammals are regular inhabitants of urban centres worldwide. The house mouse Mus musculus and rats of the genus Rattus, major invasive alien species, are increasingly present, particularly in West Africa where house mice and black rats (Rattus rattus) are frequently met in commensal small mammal communities. We studied the case of Bamako the capital of Mali, through intensive city-wide trapping, and found a strong dominance of invasive alien species over native ones, with house mouse representing more than half and the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) nearly one quarter of the captures. Shrews (Crocidura olivieri) and multimammate rats (Mastomys natalensis) represented the main native species still found in the city. The spatial and ecological determinants of these species’ distribution were analysed, showing segregation between species at different spatial scales. At the housing unit scale, M. musculus and M. natalensis appeared associated with inner parts of buildings, while R. norvegicus and C. olivieri occured at the interface between the indoor and outdoor environments. At the city scale, invasive species were more abundant in older quarters than in more recent peripheral ones. This was particularly true for the house mouse which probably colonized Bamako during the 21st century, while the brown and the black rats had done so a century before. This process of invasion of a native community of small mammals by cosmopolitan invasive species is discussed in a regional context, as are the potential consequences it may have in terms of public health and social well-being.</div