Portail HAL Institut Agro Montpellier
Not a member yet
54878 research outputs found
Sort by
Combining AcquireX™ data acquisition and Feature-Based Molecular Networking approach to deeply explore oxidation markers of condensed tannins after depolymerization
No full textInternational audienceFeature-Based Molecular Networking approach is widely used to investigate the composition of complex matrices in various fields, particularly in chemistry. In this research, to investigate oxidation markers of condensed tannins in grape seeds, this advanced approach was combined with a depolymerization reaction with thioglycolic acid as a nucleophilic reagent and an intelligent MS/MS data acquisition using AcquireX™ Deep Scan workflow. Through this innovative combined methodology, 104 oxidation markers were highlighted, including 49 previously unreported. MS/MS analysis revealed dimers and trimers, indicating linkages between extension and terminal units, or both, with oxidation levels from 1 to at least 8. These findings enhance understanding of the structural evolution of condensed tannins, which significantly impact the quality and the stability of tannin-containing products. Moreover, this innovative analytical approach, applied here for the first time, can be extrapolated to other complex tannin-containing matrices, notably wines, offering new possibilities for chemical analysis in biomolecule research
Valorization of Moroccan macroalgae wastes in hydrochar production: parameter evaluation and energetic properties
No full textInternational audienceThe disposal of macroalgal waste presents environmental and economic challenges, but its valorization offers interesting opportunities. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a promising technology for transforming this waste into hydrochar, a carbon-rich material with energy and industrial applications. This study aims to optimize HTC process parameters, including temperature (180–260 °C), residence time (0–240 min), and solid/water ratio (S/W), to improve hydrochar yield, higher heating value (HHV), and energy efficiency, using response surface methodology (Box-Behnken design). The results revealed that temperature and residence time were the most influential factors on hydrochar production. The maximum higher heating value (HHV) of 18.71 MJ/kg was observed at 260 °C, 240 min, and a 0.1875 S/W ratio, indicating efficient energy conversion. On the other hand, the highest hydrochar yield and energy yield were obtained at 180 °C, 0 min, and a 0.1875 S/W ratio, suggesting that more moderate conditions favor better material retention. Analysis of the samples showed an increase in porosity and an improvement in the physico-chemical characteristics of hydrochar compared with raw waste, reinforcing its potential as a biofuel or adsorbent material. These results confirm that the valorization of macroalgal waste by HTC represents a promising solution for the production of renewable energy, thus contributing to the sustainable management of resources in Morocco
Life cycle assessment of a minimal process using membrane filtration replacing pasteurization for infant formula production at a semi-industrial scale
No full textInternational audienceInfant formula is essential for providing the necessary nutrients for infants aged 0-3 years. But infant formula production also faces a critical challenge: ensuring both nutritional quality and environmental sustainability. Traditional heat treatment processes, while ensuring microbiological safety, have been shown to cause protein denaturation, thereby reducing the nutritional quality of the product [1]. As an alternative, Yu et al. [1] proposed membrane microfiltration to replace the pasteurization process, which aims to preserve the nutritional value of infant formula.We conducted a detailed Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) comparing the environmental impacts of infant formula production on a semi-industrial scale between the traditional pasteurization route and the proposed alternative microfiltration route, using the EF 3.0 method. Our findings indicate that the alternative route does not significantly reduce the environmental impacts of infant formula production compared to the traditional method. Specifically, in the “climate change” impact category, the classic route emits 10.45 kg of CO2 equivalent, whereas the alternative route results in 11.14 kg of CO2 equivalent. The higher emissions associated with the alternative route primarily stem from the increased demand for skimmed milk, which is linked to the production of a bacterial-rich by-product during microfiltration.This study represents the first comprehensive analysis of the environmental impacts of infant formula at a semi-industrial scale. It offers valuable insights into eco-design strategies for mitigating these impacts, such as incorporating liquid ingredients instead of powdered ones in formulations, which can reduce energy consumption during vacuum evaporation and drying processes. Additionally, increasing the dry extract in pre-evaporation formulations can help limit water evaporation needs
Structure génétique des populations de Tuta absoluta à travers l'Afrique: deux groupes bien délimités mais faiblement différenciés suggérent peu d'introductions et un flux génétique important
No full textAll DNA extracts and genotypes are preserved at the 'Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations' (CBGP), Montferrier sur Lez (France), under the authority of N. Gauthier. The data and related documentations that support the findings of this study are openly available in DataSuds repository (IRD, France) at 10.23708/RE36VC. Data reuse is granted under CC-BY-SA licence.International audience1. Describing the genetic structure and diversity of invasive insect pest populations is essential to better understand a species' invasion history and success throughout its distribution range. Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) is a destructive pest of tomato and many other solanaceous crops, with very high economic impacts. Its invasion threatens food security in a large part of the globe, in areas such as sub-Saharan Africa where the agricultural resilience has already been weakened by rapid human-induced changes due in particular to population growth, increased trade and global change.2. This work aimed to investigate the diversity and genetic structure of 60 populations of T. absoluta using microsatellite markers, with a particular focus on sub-Saharan Africa.3. Our results revealed distinct differentiation and diversity patterns between T. absoluta native versus invaded areas, and high genetic homogeneity among the African populations sampled. However, for the first time, two weakly differentiated but distinct genetic clusters in Africa were identified.4. The results suggest few introduction events of the species in Africa or multiple introductions from genetically close areas, significant gene flow between outbreaks and seem to indicate the existence of two distinct clusters in Africa. This new data enable us to formulate hypotheses on the species' invasion patterns and the dynamics of its invasive populations.5. These hypotheses must be verified with more extensive sampling over the whole range of T. absoluta, especially in its presumed native area
Validating Kfino Algorithm (Kalman Filter with Impulse Noised Outliers) through the Oriole Web Application, to Filter Individual Liveweight Outliers Produced with the Walk-Over-Weighing (Wow) Technology in a Spectrum of Ruminants’ Systems
No full textThe liveweight (LW) is conventionally measured using static systems, which require animals to be individually walked onto a set of scales. This process is time consuming, labour intensive, and places stress on both the animals being weighed and the operator; indoors it is relatively easy, but weighing animals outdoors may be a difficult task. To overcome such situation, we developed some years ago a Walk-over-Weighing (WoW) platform which records LW in an automated, non-invasive manner, and have been evaluated with success in a range of conditions. However, a lot of outliers are produced with the WoW, which must be removed to retain only correct data and make coherent interpretations. Standard methods used until now to perform such outliers' removal still unpractical, time consuming and requires a minimum of mastery by the user. To improve performance of the process we further built an algorithm, so-called Kfino (Kalman Filter with Impulse Noised Outliers) that automatically remove individual daily LW outliers. Then, to vehicle Kfino and for the ease of end-users, we further developed a web application with R-Shiny, so-called ORIOLE. Thus, the objective of this work was to validate the functioning in the field of the whole infrastructure (WoW, Kfino and ORIOLE) in a large spectrum of farming systems for sheep production in Mediterranean settings. A series of trials (n= 8) were conducted at different moments and under different conditions of the experimental farms La Fage and Le Merle (France) and AGRIS (Italy).Animals (n= 920) were either young (ewe-lambs) or adults (ewes) from different breeds (two for meat -Romane and Mérinos d'Arles; and two for dairy -Lacaune and Sarda) and were reared indoors or outdoors (grazing) during several weeks. For each trial, LW outliers generated in raw datasets produced by the WoW were filtered by using a conventional threesteps method (Manual), and the automatic alternative (ORIOLE) proposed here (using Kfino in the ORIOLE interface). Such methods were compared for the parameters i) number of outliers detected, ii) percentage of clean data with respect to the raw dataset, and iii) the time required for running the full filtering and report process. The ability of kfino algorithm was This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed. Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5145088 P r e p r i n t n o t p e e r r e v i e w e d demonstrated and its applicability, through the use of the ORIOLE web app was validated.The final outcomes of the detection and removal of individual LW outliers from the WoW was closely similar with the two methods. The major difference is the practical ease and the time required for the full process (i.e., just minutes using ORIOLE vs. hours with manual).The ORIOLE app may be used by a large spectrum of end-users, and provide further and interesting outputs of easy interpretation (including graphical and statistical reports). The whole framework developed in the scope of this work facilitates the development of future early warning systems that could contribute to more efficient monitoring and management of the progression of daily, individual LW of animals, and the related animal health parameters and welfare issues in a large spectrum of conditions.</p
Panta Rhei: a decade of progress in research on change in hydrology and society
No full textInternational audienceTo better understand the increasing human impact on the water cycle and the feedbacks between hydrology and society, the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) organized the scientific decade "Panta Rhei -Everything Flows: Change in hydrology and society" (2013-2022). A key finding is the need to use integrated approaches to assess the co-evolution of human-water systems in order to avoid unintended consequences of human interventions over long periods of time. Additionally, substantial progress has been made in leveraging new data sources on human behaviour, e.g. through text mining of social media posts. Much has been learned about detecting hydrological changes and attributing them to their drivers, e.g. quantifying climate effects on floods. To achieve further progress, we recommend broadening the understanding, the discipline and training activities, while at the same time pursuing synthesis by focusing on key themes, developing innovative approaches and finding sustainable solutions to the world's water problems
Extraction de pectine par l'action combinée du broyage et de solvants eutectiques
No full textInternational audienceL'extraction de biopolymères à l'aide de technologies émergentes, telles que l'application de contraintes mécaniques externes ou l'utilisation de solvants plus respectueux de l'environnement, constitue un domaine de recherche clé dans la transition vers des procédés plus durables (Nadar, Arora, and Shastri 2022; Conteratto et al. 2021). Parmi ces biopolymères, la pectine occupe une place importante. Largement utilisée comme agent gélifiant, épaississant ou émulsifiant dans l'industrie agroalimentaire grâce à sa capacité à former des gels, elle trouve également des applications croissantes dans le secteur pharmaceutique (Flutto 2003; Hasnain et al. 2020). Traditionnellement, la pectine est extraite de coproduits de fruits, tels que les écorces de citron ou le marc de pomme par des procédés acides. Cependant, ces méthodes présentent des limites en termes de durabilité, ce qui rend nécessaire le développement d'alternatives plus respectueuses de l'environnement. Dans cette présentation, nous décrirons la méthode actuellement en cours de développement dans le cadre de ce projet de thèse. Ce procédé innovant combine l'utilisation de solvants eutectiques profonds et la déconstruction mécanique, afin de permettre une extraction plus verte de la pectine, tout en préservant ses fonctionnalités technologiques. L'étude s'intéresse notamment à l'impact de la réduction granulométrique et au choix des solvants sur le rendement et la qualité de la pectine extraite
Quand les territoires "font SyAM" (Systèmes Alimentaires du Milieu) : le cas du Département de l’Isère
No full textInternational audienceLa notion de SyAM a trouvé son origine en étudiant le développement de différents collectifs hybrides constitués d’agriculteurs, de transformateurs et de distributeurs qui présentent la spécificité de mettre en œuvre des partenariats dits « gagnant-gagnant », passant par une reterritorialisation de leurs chaines d’approvisionnement. Si les SyAM sont aujourd’hui mieux connus, peu de travaux se sont encore interrogés sur le rôle d’une collectivité dans le soutien à la mise en place de ces partenariats. Dans cet article, nous nous intéressons plus particulièrement au cas du Département de l’Isère qui a développé depuis le début des années 2000 une politique visant à favoriser une relocalisation à grande échelle de son alimentation. Nous posons la question de son rôle dans le développement de ces collectifs et nous montrons en quoi ce rôle « fait SyAM ». Faire SyAM, c’est participer à un processus qui vise la poursuite de performances durables, facilitant une plus juste rémunération des agriculteurs
Unpacking farmers' multiple values in grapevine variety choice
No full textSymposium/Special Issue; A correction to this article was published on 08 April 2025 : Agric. Hum. Values 42, 1247 (2025) : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-025-10740-1International audienceUnderstanding farmers' values that underpin crop choices is pivotal for designing effective and adequate sustainable agricultural policies. While significant attention has been given to the agronomic, economic and socio-cultural values of smallholder farmers in the Global South, the plural values held by commercial farmers in the Global North-specifically ascribed to perennial crops-remain underexplored. Here, we adopt an emic perspective to investigate farmers' values involved in past and anticipated choices of grapevine varieties in the Gaillac region (southwestern France). We conducted 35 interviews with farmers, and recorded 962 expressions of values for 50 cultivated grapevine varieties. Using a mixed deductive-inductive approach, we classified these values, and identified groups of farmers and varieties based on shared values using a network analysis. Farmers' expressions of values were grouped into five domains: wine-growing (21.9%, e.g., yield), wine-making (21.8%, e.g., organoleptic properties), economics (20.7%, e.g., specific market), sense-based (23.7%, e.g., attachment to place), and external factors (11.9%, e.g., varietal regulations). Results suggest that the diversity and variation of values held by different groups of farmers and groups of varieties are key to supporting the high level of crop diversity observed at both farm and vineyard scales. Specifically, the feelings of attachment and sense of belonging to the Gaillac region are effective triggers in the maintenance of local grapevine varieties. Our research emphasizes the diverse place-based values attributed to crops, and highlights the importance of integrating sense-based values in developing biodiversity-based policies
Untangling iron threads: a deep dive into plant intracellular pools
No full textInternational audienceIron (Fe) is an essential element in plants, involved in numerousmetabolic processes including photosynthesis. Its cellular concentration must be regulated accurately to avoid toxicity while meetingmetabolic demands. This review explores the distribution, dynamics, and regulation of Fe pools in plant cells, focusing on recent advances in imaging and quantification techniques. We discuss the major Fe compartments—chloroplasts, vacuoles, apoplasts—and their interaction to maintain Fe homeostasis, as well as novel methodologies like single-cell ICP-MS that have transformed our understanding of Fe localization. By summarizing the current knowledge on intracellular Fe dynamics and the complex interplay between different Fe pools, we provide insights into the mechanisms that underpin Fe regulation in plants, which is crucial for future breeding programs aimed at improving plant resilience and nutritional quality