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Molecular characterization using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers points to population admixture of genetic variation among introduced cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) in northern Cameroon
No full textInternational audienceUnderstanding the genetic diversity of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) is crucial for effective conservation and breeding programs. This study aimed to assess the genetic variability of 75 cashew genotypes collected from five provenances across three regions of northern Cameroon using 13 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. All primers successfully amplified DNA, producing an average of 2.5 polymorphic bands per locus. The SSR markers revealed a low level of polymorphism, with two to three alleles per locus, which is relatively noteworthy for an introduced species.Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC) showed that the first two components explained 43.9% of the total variability, allowing clear discrimination of genotypes and revealing structured genetic variation. The genotypes were partitioned into seven clusters. Cluster analysis based on Nei’s genetic distance confirmed these results, highlighting genetic structuring among populations. Genotypes from Ngaoundéré (Ng) were largely assigned to specific clusters, while those from Garoua (Ga) and Yagoua (Ya) were distributed across several clusters, indicating genetic differentiation, structure, and admixture. Most genotypes displayed strong cluster membership (≥ 90%), but a subset showed admixed ancestry, suggesting human-mediated propagation or multiple introduction events of cashew germplasm into northern Cameroon.The observed genetic variation likely reflects the combined influence of environmental factors, local adaptation, and historical cultivation practices. This study provides the first insights into cashew genetic diversity in northern Cameroon, offering a valuable basis for future production, conservation, and breeding efforts
MIRAD -Maîtrise des Intrants et des Résidus phytosanitaires pour des vergers d'Abricotiers Durables
No full textCe numéro fait suite au carrefour de l'innovation agronomique dédié aux résultats des projets DEPHY EXPE 2 - Des systèmes utilisant les pesticides en ultime recours : résultats et enseignements de 6 ans d’expérimentations le 13 mars 2025 co-organisé par Inrae, Agreenium, la cellule d'Animation Nationale du réseau DEPHY Ecophyto et le lycée agricole du Valentin.Sont présenté les résultats des projets DEPHY EXPE 2 arrivant à leur terme en décembre 2024 pour diffuser les connaissances des principaux enseignements de ces essais « systèmes » qui ont éprouvé pendant 6 ans des combinaisons de leviers alternatifs à la lutte chimique pour maîtriser les bioagresseurs des cultures : diversification de l’agroécosystème, méthodes de contrôle biologique, choix de matériel végétal, stratégie d’évitement, prophylaxie… Les modalités de mises en œuvre des alternatives testées, leurs conditions de réussite et de diffusion et leurs impacts sur les performances techniques, économiques et environnementales de systèmes ont été discutées.National audienceThe MIRAD project aims to evaluate the performance of innovative apricot orchards combining numerous levers (low-susceptible plant, biocontrol products, physical protection, etc.) to reduce the use of phytosanitary products. In 2019 and 2020, 26 cropping systems were implemented across 5 sites. Treatment Frequency Indicator (TFI) reductions excluding biocontrol products of 75 to 100 % were possible. However, these reductions in TFI are accompanied by a drop in marketable yield when the systems only rely on substitution and/or efficiency or by a higher production cost per kg of apricots when the systems are based on redesign (orchards under physical protection).Le projet DEPHY EXPE 2 MIRAD a pour objectif d'évaluer les performances de vergers d'abricotiers innovants associant de nombreux leviers (matériel végétal peu sensible, produits de biocontrôle, protections physiques, …) permettant de réduire l'usage des produits phytosanitaires. En 2019 et 2020, 26 systèmes de culture ont été implantés sur 5 sites. Des réductions de l'Indicateur de Fréquence de Traitement (IFT) hors produits de biocontrôle de 75 à 100 % ont été possibles. Cependant, ces réductions d'IFT s'accompagnent d'une baisse du rendement commercialisable lorsque les systèmes ne font appel qu'à la substitution et/ou à l'efficience ou bien d'un coût de production au kg des abricots plus élevé lorsque les systèmes sont basés sur de la reconception (vergers sous protection physique)
Déploiement et Maillage de stations instrumentées en IoT sur le territoire pour diverses études_AG AnaEE 2026 "ECOLOGGING"
No full textInternational audienceIn this poster, we present the deployments of the different types of instrumented stations developed within the framework of the "ECOLOGGING” project, carried out during the year 2024/2025, as well as the main developments, the results obtained, and the conclusions. The “ECOLOGGING” stations are deployed according to the nature of the studies conducted and the associated specific scientific needs.Dans ce poster, nous présentons les déploiements des différents types de stations instrumentées développées dans le cadre du projet "ECOLOGGING", réalisés au cours de l’année 2024/2025, ainsi que les principales évolutions, les résultats obtenus et les conclusions. Les stations ECOLOGGING sont déployées en fonction de la nature des études menées et des besoins scientifiques spécifiques associés
An evolutionary perspective on the response‐effect framework
No full textInternational audienceThe response‐effect framework (REF) has provided a foundational approach in functional ecology, using traits to predict how species respond to environmental factors (‘response traits’) and influence ecosystem functioning (‘effect traits’). While highly valuable, the REF has largely overlooked evolutionary dynamics and transgenerational processes, despite growing evidence that these processes significantly shape species' responses to environmental changes and their subsequent ecosystem impacts. Addressing this gap by integrating evolutionary dynamics into the REF can substantially enhance our understanding of both short and long‐term biodiversity and ecosystem functioning relationships. Here, we build on recent advances to explore how evolutionary processes and eco‐evolutionary feedbacks can refine predictions of trait responses to environmental changes and their ecosystem‐level implications. We also highlight experimental evolution as a powerful tool to assess the role of eco‐evolutionary dynamics in improving the predictive capacity of the REF. We advocate for greater integration of evolutionary dynamics into the REF to reinforce the applicability of the framework in a rapidly changing world. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog
1H-NMR Analysis of Wine Metabolites: Method Development and Validation
No full textInternational audienceWine, as a high-value product, is vulnerable to counterfeiting. To tackle increasingly sophisticated fraud, innovative analytical approaches are required. However, they must undergo rigorous validation. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) is intrinsically quantitative, reproducible, and fast, making it a promising tool for official control. This study presents the development and validation of a standardised and fully automated workflow for the quantification of 20 oenologically relevant compounds, including organic acids, sugars, alcohols, esters, phenolics, and an alkaloid. The method combines optimised sample preparation, external quantification standards, spectrometer calibration, and a dedicated R package (RnmrQuant1D) for fully automated spectral processing, enabling high-throughput and operator-independent analysis. Validation was performed under intermediate precision according to OIV metrological standards, evaluating accuracy, precision, robustness, limits of quantification, and measurement uncertainty. The results demonstrated excellent linearity, trueness, and reproducibility, matching the targeted analytical performance. Measurement uncertainties were estimated both by conventional linear modelling and by a dynamic approach better suited to detection limits. The workflow is easy to implement, requires minimal sample consumption, and substantially reduces operator bias. Beyond validating a robust method, this study provides a framework for harmonised, transferable 1H-NMR workflows that could support large-scale databases, integration with chemometric models, and ultimately, 1H-NMR’s recognition as a relevant method for wine authentication and quality control. This work fills a crucial gap in wine analysis by uniting practical application and rigorous methods, enabling broader adoption in control laboratories worldwide
Carbon fluxes and partitioning in Eucalyptus and Pinus plantations across a climatic gradient in Brazil
No full textSource Agritrop Cirad (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/616093/)International audienceBrazilian Eucalyptus and Pinus forests are the most productive forests worldwide. The growth rates of these intensively managed plantations depend strongly on environmental conditions and matching genotypes to local environments. Changing climates underscore the value of understanding the intricacies of how these plantations can fix high amounts of carbon (C) and grow so much wood. We measured the full C budgets of Eucalyptus and Pinus forests across climate gradients in Brazil, focusing on the rates of C uptake, the allocation of C to belowground roots and mycorrhizae, and stem growth. We found that gross primary production (GPP) varied more than sixfold across the climate conditions in Brazil. Maximum temperature was the main climatic driver of productivity, where extreme temperatures reduced fluxes to stem production while increasing fluxes to root production. Net ecosystem production varied with management and age across the sites. The ecophysiological investigation presented in this work is fundamental for understanding C partitioning behavior under extreme temperature conditions. In this way, our results provide tools for forest managers to support their decision-making processes as well as starting points for strategies to be implemented in projects aimed at mitigating the effects of climate change
Climate change and resilience in the agricultural sector: The case of the impact of COVID-19 in the French wine industry
No full textInternational audienceThis chapter examines the impact of climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic on the French wine industry, focusing on governance and resilience across various actors in the wine value chain. Using a mixed-methods approach, it explores how institutional frameworks and organizational structures influence firms’ capacity to adapt to external shocks. The study highlights differences in resilience among cooperatives, independent winegrowers, and other industry players, emphasizing the importance of collaborative governance and strategic adaptation for sustaining the sector amid ongoing global challenges
Is Collaborative Groundwater Governance Really Unfit for Purpose in Low-and Middle-Income Countries? Evidence from Morocco
No full textInternational audienceAttempts to establish collaborative groundwater governance (CGG) have so far generally produced limited results in low-and middle-income countries. These shortcomings have been attributed to the high transaction costs associated with such approaches, making them impractical in informal water economies. This paper examines the obstacles to designing and implementing such an approach, through the analysis of a multistakeholder process conducted in a groundwater-depleted area in Northern Morocco. The process brought together farmers, staff members of public organisations, and other stakeholders to explore options for CGG. During the process, farmers created groundwater users associations and together the participants drafted an aquifer contract. The participatory process helped overcome several obstacles to CGG, particularly those related to farmers' engagement. The finalisation of the aquifer contract was put on hold, however, due to the limited follow-up by state actors, the insufficient coordination among the numerous public actors involved, and weak political support.The study shows that CGG may not be inherently unfit for purpose in at least some low-and middle-income countries. Moreover, the participatory design of CGG can be an opportunity for horizontal dialogue between farmers operating in informal water economies and state administrations
From climate to crop management: unraveling coffee berry borer infestation in Indonesia
No full textInternational audienceThe coffee berry borer (CBB) is the main pest of Coffea arabica, causing major yield and quality losses worldwide. In Indonesia, climate, altitude, and farm management influence pest dynamics, but region-specific patterns remain unclear. We studied 40 Arabica farms in West Java (tropical monsoonal) and North Sumatra (equatorial) for 1 year to assess how climate, altitude, berry availability, and CBB management affect infestation. Monthly monitoring of 1,200 trees recorded infestation and berry load, complemented by CHIRPS climatic data. Generalized linear mixed models assessed regional differences, and longitudinal mixed models examined the temporal effects of altitude, management, shade-tree richness, and berry load. Infestation and berry production were higher in North Sumatra (18.8%) than West Java (11.6%), where infestation peaked at low berry availability and declined with altitude, whereas stable warm temperatures and continuous berry availability supported year-round populations in North Sumatra. Management practices, mainly sanitation harvesting and trap use, reduced infestation in both regions, with the stronger effects in West Java. These results highlight the multifactorial drivers of CBB infestation and the need for adaptive, region-specific management
