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Se « réenraciner ». Alignement et mise en cohérence de soi des militants Identitaires
No full textBased on an immersion field study within the Identitaire movement, this article examines the way in which the organisation leads activists to carry out a biographical reconstruction in order to bring themselves into line with the cause defended by the movement. New activists take part in an Identitaire camp where they learn to identify their regional and racial ‘roots’, which they set out to defend in the face of a supposed migratory invasion. This experience continues in the local sections, where they recompose their ordinary practices in contact with their peers to bring them into line with their commitment. However, activists are more likely to stay in the organisation if it reinforces their previous socialisation.À partir d’une enquête en immersion au sein du mouvement Identitaire, cet article étudie la façon dont l’organisation amène les militants à opérer une reconstruction biographique pour se mettre en cohérence avec la cause défendue par le mouvement. Les nouveaux militants participent à un camp Identitaire où ils apprennent à identifier leurs « racines » régionales et raciales, qu’ils entreprennent de défendre face à une supposée invasion migratoire. Cette expérience se prolonge dans les sections locales, où ils recomposent leurs pratiques ordinaires au contact de leurs pairs pour les faire correspondre à leur engagement. Toutefois, les militants ont d’autant plus de chances de se maintenir dans l’organisation que celle-ci renforce leurs socialisations antérieures
Gender and Wealth Accumulation: An International and Intresectional Perspective
No full textInternational audienceWhy do women accumulate less wealth than men globally? As wealth inequality rises both within countries and worldwide, studies on gender and wealth accumulation are growing rapidly. This scholarship is spread across various disciplines, including development studies, feminist economics, economic sociology, anthropology, finance, business, demography, political science, history, and legal studies. In this introduction to the special issue, we outline the methodological challenges in quantifying gender wealth gaps. We also describe the key factors contributing to these disparities, such as gendered labour divisions, lifetime earnings inequality, differing investment portfolios (e.g., in business ownership, real estate, financial assets), and varying rates of return. Additionally, we examine how marital property and inheritance laws contribute to the gendered reproduction of wealth concentration.Importantly, this introduction presents the eight articles featured in this special issue, which offer new perspectives on the relationship between gender and wealth in different national contexts in Africa, North America, Europe and Asia
Prospective associations between psychosocial work factors and psychotropic drug prescription among workers in France
No full textInternational audienceObjective: Despite the abundant literature on the associations between psychosocial work factors and mental health outcomes, prospective studies using medico-administrative data are lacking. Our objective was to study the associations between various psychosocial work factors and subsequent psychotropic drug prescription. Material and Methods: The study was based on data from the three waves (2010, 2012, 2014) of the French ESPS survey (Enquête Santé et Protection Sociale) linked to the national database of healthcare reimbursements. Each survey wave was conducted among a randomly selected national sample of people aged 18+, and a subsample was interviewed twice (2010 and 2014). A total of 8094 workers free of depression at baseline were included. Ten psychosocial work factors (quantitative demands, tensions with the public, freedom, possibilities for learning new things, colleague support, recognition, salary satisfaction, job insecurity, permanent/temporary contract, and redundancy plan) were assessed at baseline. The outcome was psychotropic drug prescription within the 2 following years. As 1086 of these workers participated twice, Cox regression models for clustered data were used to assess the associations between psychosocial work factors and psychotropic drug prescription, after adjustment for age, marital status, employee/self-employed worker, private/public sector, occupation, full/part time work, and survey wave. Results: Most psychosocial work factors, except possibilities for learning new things, job insecurity, and permanent/temporary contract, were associated with subsequent psychotropic drug prescription. The number of psychosocial work factors increased the risk of psychotropic drug prescription. No gender interaction was found for these associations. Associations were observed for antidepressants, anxiolytics, and hypnotics/sedatives. Conclusion: The findings support that poor psychosocial working conditions may increase the risk of psychotropic drug prescription. Funding: The French National Research Program for Environmental and Occupational Health of Anses (ANSES-23-EST-041
Study of dose-response associations between psychosocial work factors and psychological distress among French workers
No full textInternational audienceObjective: The objective was to explore dose-response associations between the frequency and number of psychosocial work factors and psychological distress. Material and Methods: The ESPS survey (Enquête Santé et Protection Sociale) was a periodical French national survey among the general population in which households were selected randomly and all individuals of these households were surveyed. This study had a cross-sectional design and included 11,018 workers surveyed in 2010 or 2012. Psychological distress was assessed using MHI-5 and defined by a score below 52. Ten psychosocial work factors (quantitative demands, tensions with the public, freedom, possibilities for learning new things, colleague support, recognition, salary satisfaction, job insecurity, temporary contract, and redundancy plan) were studied using frequency categories and dichotomized into exposed/non-exposed. The associations between psychosocial work factors and psychological distress were studied using modified Poisson regression models with cluster-robust standard errors. All analyses were stratified by gender and adjusted for age, marital status, employee/self-employed worker, public/private sector, occupation, full/part-time work, and survey wave. Gender-related interactions were tested. Results: The prevalence of psychological distress was higher in women (20.7%) than in men (13.3%). Studied as binary variables, all psychosocial work factors, except temporary contract, were associated with psychological distress. There were linear trends between the frequency and number of psychosocial work factors and psychological distress. The associations with psychological distress were stronger in men than in women for the frequency of half of psychosocial work factors. Conclusion: Our study showed dose-response associations between psychosocial work factors and psychological distress. Reducing the frequency and number of psychosocial work factors could help to improve mental health at work. Funding: The French National Research Program for Environmental and Occupational Health of Anses (ANSES-23-EST-041)
Hospital Resilience in the Face of Covid-19 in France: A Multilevel Analysis of the Impact of Past Practice Quality on Cancer Surgery Resumption
No full textInternational audienceThe COVID-19 pandemic disrupted routine hospital services, causing a substantial backlog of surgeries in 2020. This study investigates hospital resilience in resuming activities during the pandemic, focusing on the impact of pre-pandemic adoption of enhanced recovery after surgery protocols (ERAS) in digestive cancer surgery. ERAS involves patient-centered care protocols proven to improve care process and outcomes but are not systematically implemented in hospitals. We define hospital resilience as the ability to maintain and resume surgery levels in the second half of 2020 during the pandemic. Using French national hospital data for digestive cancer surgeries, we categorized hospitals by the intensity of their ERAS volume before the pandemic and estimated a multilevel model allowing to control for hospital characteristics and pandemic conditions in the area they are situated.Results show that, all else being equal, hospitals that implemented ERAS before the pandemic absorbed the surgical backlog and recovered their pre-pandemic activity level more quickly. High-volume hospitals and specialized cancer centers were also quicker than other hospitals in resuming surgical operations. The findings highlight the differences in care practices across hospitals and the importance of quality protocols in bolstering hospital resilience during health crises. Beyond improving patient outcomes, widespread adoption of such protocols could enhance healthcare resource utilization and help to mitigate broader economic and environmental pressures
Analyse de programmes binaires et d'obfuscation par des représentations de graphes et apprentissage automatique
No full textProtecting sensitive program content is a critical concern in both legitimate and malicious contexts, with obfuscation being one of the most widely used techniques. By transforming the binary code of compiled programs, obfuscation hinders and delays reverse engineering, forcing attackers to follow specific analytical steps to bypass such protections. This thesispresents several contributions, all grounded in advanced graph representation learning, covering different stages of the obfuscation analysis process. First, we address obfuscation detection and characterization as binary and multi-class classification problems, comparing graph formats, baseline and advanced deep learning models, and enriched feature sets, while assessing the impact of data distribution and compiler optimizations. Our results show that advanced Graph Neural Networks models outperform baselines when provided with features capturing fine-grained code semantics, though performance remains sensitive to optimization levels and dataset partitioning. Second, we conduct an extensive study of binary diffing and similarity, from the standard unobfuscated case, through an ablation study of QBinDiff and a comparison of existing tools, to obfuscated scenarios where attackers aim to extract knowledge from an obfuscated program, without full deobfuscation. Results highlight QBinDiff's advantages for fine-grained diffing and reveal that most intra-procedural and data-flow obfuscations offer limited protection compared to the stronger, yet rarely used, inter-procedural obfuscations. Finally, we explore direct deobfuscation by integrating reinforcement learning and graph representation learning. We model the task as a white-box symbolic compression problem, representing obfuscated functions in a novelgraph format, combining data and control flow, and simplifying them iteratively through graph edit operations guided by a Graph Neural Networks-based agent. Preliminary results on Mixed Boolean Arithmetic obfuscation demonstrate partial but promising success, opening avenues for further research.La protection du contenu sensible d'un programme constitue un enjeu majeur, tant dans des contextes légitimes que malveillants, l'obfuscation étant l'une des techniques les plus couramment employées à cette fin. En transformant le code binaire de programmes compilés, l'obfuscation complique et retarde les opérations de rétro-ingénierie, contraignant ainsi les attaquants à suivre une série d'étapes analytiques spécifiques pour contourner ces protections. Cette thèse présente plusieurs contributions, toutes fondées sur des méthodes avancées d'apprentissage de représentations de graphes, et couvrant différentes étapes du processus d'analyse d'obfuscation. Dans un premier temps, nous abordons la détection et la caractérisation de l'obfuscation sous forme de problèmes de classification binaire et multi-classes, en comparant divers formats de graphes, des modèles d'apprentissage de référence, ainsi que des ensembles de caractéristiques, tout en évaluant l'impact de la distribution des données et des optimisations du compilateur. Nos résultats montrent que les modèles avancés de réseaux de neurones de graphes surpassent les approches de référence lorsqu'ils sont alimentés par des caractéristiques capturant finement la sémantique du code binaire, bien que leurs performances demeurent sensibles au niveau d'optimisation et aux stratégies de partitionnement des données. Dans un second temps, nous menons une étude approfondie du diffing binaire et des techniques de similarité, en partant d'un contexte standard etnon obfusqué, au travers d'une analyse d'ablation de QBinDiff et d'une comparaison approfondie des techniques existantes, jusqu'à des scénarios obfusqués, dans lesquels un attaquant cherche à extraire des informations du programme protégé, sans procéder à une désobfuscation complète. Les résultats mettent en évidence les avantages de QBinDiff qui permet un diffing plus fin et montrent que la plupart des obfuscations intra-procédurales et de données offrent une protection limitée, contrairement aux obfuscations inter-procédurales, plus robustes mais rarement mises en œuvre dans les outils open source. Enfin, nous explorons la désobfuscation directe, en combinant l'apprentissage par renforcement et l'apprentissage de représentations de graphes. Nous modélisons cette tâche comme un problème de compression symbolique, où une fonction obfusquée est représentée dans un format de graphe innovant, combinant les flôts de contrôle et de data, puis simplifiée de manière itérative via des opérations d'édition de graphe, guidées par un agent basé surdes réseaux de neurones de graphes. Les premiers résultats obtenus sur les expressions mixtes arithmético-booléennes montrent un succès partiel mais prometteur, ouvrant des perspectives intéressantes pour de futurs travaux
Historicity in organization studies: describing events and actuality at the borders of our present
No full textAs soon as we go beyond the borders of our present and begin to explore remote pasts and futures, management and organization scholars are exposed to two dangers. The first is the exaggeration of continuities and anachronism about the past. The second is the projection of present ordinariness into the future. So how can we describe long-term processes of entrepreneurship, accounting, marketing, finance, information systems or innovation? This edited volume gathers a team of leading interdisciplinary team of scholars inspired by process philosophy, phenomenologies, and critical schools. After presenting issues, debates, and perspectives likely to inspire and guide historical description, the book moves to the concrete translation of this endeavor. Several examples of historical work in entrepreneurship, accounting, and organization studies are then used to show situations in which researchers have had to tackle this resonance between ontology and methodology in their historiography. It will be of great interest to scholars and students of management and organization studies. This books follows the 13th OAP workshop hosted by ESADE on June 2023
Table Ronde: "Law and/in the Anthropocene”, Table ronde 10 : « The rights of nature as a posthuman care turn in law: feminist perspectives »
No full textParticipants : 1.Dr. Sayana Namsaraeva University of Cambridge and Bayar Dashpurev, Max Planck Insitute, "Celebrating Mountains and neglecting Rivers:Discussing the Rights of Nature in Mongolia" 2.Veronica Pecile , University of Lucerne, "De-naturalising nature: a return of materialism in socio-legal studies?" 3.Gonca Kuru , Maltepe University, "The role of care ethics in promoting the Rights of Nature" 4. Elisa Loncon, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, former President of the Chilean Constitutional Convention and representative of the Mapuche people, « Rights of Mother Earth from the Perspective of the Mapuche Woman »International audienc
