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‘You are free to choose . . . are you?’ Organisational punishment as a productivity incentive in the social science literature
No full textInternational audienceThis article investigates the theoretical and empirical relationships between organisational punishment and productivity. We do so by highlighting the contributions of two academic fields to this topic: management and economics. We underscore the many common theoretical and empirical grounds across management and economics. We heighten, in particular, how motivation and learning theories have contributed to the development of both theoretical and empirical research on this topic. This article also argues that this debate could be significantly advanced if insights stemming from industrial relations and labour process theory were also considered, as these disciplines have traditionally focused on macro-issues such as how changes in the economic/institutional contexts may affect the likelihood that organisations will resort to punishment. In order to foster future research on this topic, three research themes were developed: (a) freedom of choice and the role of contract completeness; (b) perception of punishment, monitoring and productivity; and (c) punishment, productivity and exogenous variables
Mobile app users' privacy concerns: different heuristics for privacy assurance statements in the EU and China
No full textInternational audienceAs mobile apps request permissions from users, protecting mobile users' personal information from being unnecessarily collected and misused becomes critical. Privacy regulations, such as General Data Protection Regulation in the European Union (EU), aim to protect users' online information privacy. However, one’s understanding of whether these regulations effectively make mobile users less concerned about their privacy is still limited. This work aims to study mobile users' privacy concerns towards mobile apps by examining the effects of general and specific privacy assurance statements in China and the EU. Drawing on ecological rationality and heuristics theory, an online experiment and a follow-up validation experiment were conducted in the EU and China to examine the effects of privacy assurance statements on mobile users' privacy concerns. When privacy regulation is presented, the privacy concerns of Chinese mobile users are significantly lowered compared with EU mobile users. This indicates that individuals in the two regions react differently to privacy assurances. However, when a general regulation statement is used, no effect is observed. EU and Chinese respondents remain unaffected by general assurance statements. This study incorporates notions from fast and frugal heuristics end ecological rationality – where seemingly irrational decisions may make sense in different societal contexts
Business Versus Ethics? Thoughts on the Future of Business Ethics
No full textInternational audienceTo commemorate 40 years since the founding of the Journal of Business Ethics, the editors in chief of the journal have invited the editors to provide commentaries on the future of business ethics. This essay comprises a selection of commentaries aimed at creating dialogue around the theme Business versus Ethics? (inspired by the title of the commentary by Jeffrey Harrison). The authors of these commentaries seek to transcend the age-old separation fallacy (Freeman in Bus Ethics Q 4(4):409–421, 1994) that juxtaposes business and ethics/society, posing a forced choice or trade off. Providing a contemporary take on the classical question “if it’s legal is it ethical?”, David Hess explores the role of the law in promoting or hindering stakeholder-oriented purpose and governance structure. Jeffrey Harrison encourages scholars to move beyond the presupposition that businesses are either strategic or ethical and explore important questions at the intersection of strategy and ethics. The proposition that business models might be inherently ethical or inherently unethical in their design is developed by Sheila Killian, who examines business systems, their morality, and who they serve. However, the conundrum that entrepreneurs are either lauded for their self-belief and risk-taking, or loathed for their self-belief and risk-taking, is discussed by M. Tina Dacin and Julia Roloff using the metaphor of taboos and totems. These commentaries seek to explore positions that advocate multiplicity and tensions in which business ethics is not either/or but both
Effectiveness of product recommendation framing on online retail platforms
No full textInternational audienceOnline retailers often display product recommendations using recommendation framing or signage. Recommendation framing—such as customers who viewed this also viewed or compared similar items—reflects user- or product-related inputs used by the algorithmic product recommender system to identify products for a target customer. The current study examined the effectiveness of norm-based recommendation framing and comparison-based recommendation framing on customers’ click-through intention of the products recommended by online retailers. Four studies were conducted to test the proposed hypotheses. Findings revealed that norm-based recommendation framing is more effective than comparison-based recommendation framing and that the perceived value of the recommendations is the underlying mechanism engendering this result. Furthermore, we observed that the effectiveness of norm-based recommendation framing was only apparent when fewer products were recommended and when the recommended products were highly substitutable for the focal product. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed regarding online retailers’ efforts to manage improved recommendation-framing strategies
Interaction Effects in Cross-Lagged Panel Models: SEM with Latent Interactions Applied to Work-Family Conflict, Job Satisfaction, and Gender
No full textInternational audienceResearchers often combine longitudinal panel data analysis with tests of interactions (i.e., moderation). A popular example is the cross-lagged panel model (CLPM). However, interaction tests in CLPMs and related models require caution because stable (i.e., between-level, B) and dynamic (i.e., within-level, W) sources of variation are present in longitudinal data, which can conflate estimates of interaction effects. We address this by integrating literature on CLPMs, multilevel moderation, and latent interactions. Distinguishing stable B and dynamic W parts, we describe three types of interactions that are of interest to researchers: 1) purely dynamic or WxW; 2) cross-level or BxW; and 3) purely stable or BxB. We demonstrate estimating latent interaction effects in a CLPM using a Bayesian SEM in Mplus to apply relationships among work-family conflict and job satisfaction, using gender as a stable B variable. We support our approach via simulations, demonstrating that our proposed CLPM approach is superior to a traditional CLPMs that conflate B and W sources of variation. We describe higher-order nonlinearities as a possible extension, and we discuss limitations and future research directions
Tax amnesty schemes, anti-money laundering regulations and customer due diligence by financial institutes: an evaluation of the implementation issues in Pakistan
No full textInternational audiencePurpose Tax amnesty (TA) schemes are typical in developing countries. Governments’ claims and suppositions are continually heightened; however, this may differ in actuality. This study aims to present an overview of the effectiveness of TA schemes and the problems they raise in implementing anti-money laundering regulations. Design/methodology/approach This study used a qualitative research design. Content analysis was used to analyse research articles, reports, legal documents and news articles. Findings Every amnesty offered in Pakistan from 1956 to 2018 failed to meet government expectations. Instead, the continuity resulted in an irrepressible black economy. The black economy’s uncontrollability undermines tax collection and hinders a robust anti-money laundering regime. Significantly, tax holidays with discrepant legislation strengthen evaders, plunderers and launderers. These policies severely impede the implementation of anti-money laundering policies in the financial institutions of Pakistan. Additionally, Pakistan's geopolitical location, circumstance and war against terror cannot afford any policy that provides monetary relaxation to offenders. Practical implications There is no concrete evidence to support long-term economic progress through the implementation of amnesty schemes as a revenue collection policy. This study evaluates previous studies and findings to understand the effect of tax amnesties on the financial industry of Pakistan. The findings have practical implications for tax collection authorities, policymakers and international financial bodies. Originality/value Previous studies have discussed the advantages and disadvantages of Pakistan’s regular tax amnesties. However, this study discusses the implementation of TA schemes concerning anti-money laundering regulations and customer due diligence by financial institutes and provides suggestions to minimise its negative implications
Preferences & choices experiments with real products consumption: application with plant-based proteins
No full textInternational audienceIn a context of vegetablization of meals, a range of plant-based substitutes is developing that imitate the taste and nutritional properties of meat products. Moreover, the motivations to reduce the consumption of meat products or to replace them by plant-based substitutes are based on several arguments such as health, environment or animal welfare. Through two studies, we explore the preferences for plant-based meat substitutes by combining the tools of sensory evaluation with those of experimental economics. Thus, subjects taste real products and express themselves about them, then they are exposed to choices related to these products (maintaining consumption or returning to their usual product). Our results show that a third of the participants appreciate the substitutes and are ready to renew their consumption.Dans un contexte de végétalisation des repas se développe une offre de substituts végétaux imitant les propriétés gustatives et nutritionnelles des produits carnés. Par ailleurs, les motivations à réduire la consommation de produits carnés ou à les remplacer par des substituts végétaux repose sur plusieurs arguments tels que la santé, l’environnement ou le bien-être animal. A travers deux études, nous explorons les préférences pour des substituts végétaux à la viande en associant les outils de l’évaluation sensorielles à ceux de l’économie expérimentale. Ainsi les sujets dégustent des produits réels et s’expriment à leur sujet, puis ils sont soumis à des choix relatifs à ces produits (maintient de la consommation ou retour à leur produit habituel). Nos résultats montre qu’un tiers des participants apprécient les substituts et qu’ils sont prêt à en renouveler la consommation
Demand elasticities of Bitcoin and Ethereum
No full textInternational audienceIn this paper we analyze dynamic demand elasticity for Bitcoin and Ethereum in terms of price, transaction fees, and energy usage. We find that while both BTC and ETH have significantly positive price elasticities, transaction fee elasticity is negative and positive for BTC and ETH respectively, indicating differences in potential uses for these cryptocurrencies
Brokerage that works: Balanced triads and the brokerage roles that matter for innovation
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The role of bank affiliation in bank efficiency: a fuzzy multi-objective data envelopment analysis approach
No full textInternational audienceThis paper examines differences in bank efficiency between banks affiliated with single-bank holding companies and those affiliated with multi-bank holding companies by applying a fuzzy multi-objective two-stage data envelopment analysis technique. Using a sample of U.S. commercial banks covering 1994–2018, the results show that banks affiliated with multi-bank holding companies are more efficient than those affiliated with single-bank holding companies, suggesting that the former takes advantage of their parents’ resources to enhance their efficiency, consistent with the internal capital market theory. They also show that banks with a powerful CEO exhibit lower efficiency than others. Moreover, there is an inverted U shape relationship between multi-bank holding company structure and bank efficiency, suggesting the presence of an optimal number of multi-bank holding subsidiaries that maximizes efficiency