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Generation Z tourists’ experience and delight in rural tourism: the mediating role of customer engagement
No full textInternational audienc
Are work–life policies fair for a woman’s career? An Italian qualitative study of the backlash phenomenon
No full textInternational audiencePurpose Work–family balance practices available in several work organizations to help employees with children to manage the demands of work and family life can have a negative impact on employees with family commitments, on childless employees and on the organization itself, as Perrigino et al. show in their theoretical review. This is the work–family backlash phenomenon expressed by the four mechanisms of stigma, spillover, inequity and strategic. Even if the stigma mechanism towards working women with children was widely explored, no study until now considered the four backlash mechanisms jointly, in the Italian context. The purpose of this paper is offering a first empirical exploration of these mechanisms in Italian work organizations. Design/methodology/approach For this study, 15 Italian career women with different care burdens were interviewed, and the four mechanisms were analysed from the perspective of women with and without children, and of organizations. Findings Analysis has shown that the backlash phenomenon can trigger a vicious cycle of perceived inequity that leads to job dissatisfaction and low work motivation. Management responsiveness and fairness in dealing with employees’ needs are central to promoting well-being by effectively balancing career paths with personal needs, especially in a cultural context where most responsibility for family needs is still left to women and few public supports are available. Originality/value This study, in spite of some limitations, offers a first contribution to the analysis of the different facets of the work–family backlash in the Italian context and suggests several possible research and practical developments
Foreign and domestic multinationals’ linkages in advanced, small open economies: do foreignness, regional origin and technological capability matter?
No full textInternational audiencePurpose International business theory suggests that multinational enterprises (MNEs) seek to internalise resources embedded in local firms to complement their own through inter-organisational relationships, yet little is known about whether and how these business linkages differ between foreign (F)MNEs and domestic (D)MNEs. This paper aims to explore the linkage differential between DMNEs and FMNEs operating in the same single-country contexts and to examine whether foreignness, regional origin and technological capability make a difference. Design/methodology/approach This study is based on a unique firm-level data set of 292 MNEs located in five advanced, small open economies (SMOPECs). This study analyses the benefit received – in the form of technical and organisational resources and knowledge – by DMNEs and FMNEs via backward, forward and collaborative linkages with local business partners. Findings Our research finds FMNEs benefit less from linkages than DMNEs; and FMNEs originating from outside the region especially so. However, the results also show technological capability mitigates this difference and is thus a game changer for FMNEs from outside the region. Originality/value This paper differentiates between FMNEs and DMNEs in their propensity to benefit from resources received from different local partners and explores the influence of regional origin and technological capability. Despite the advanced and internationally oriented nature of SMOPECs, DMNEs still gain more benefit, suggesting either liabilities of foreignness and outsidership persist, or FMNEs do not desire, need or nurture local linkages
Business-to-business and self-governance practice in the digital knowledge economy: learning from pharmaceutical e-detailing in Thailand
No full textInternational audienc
Using employee‐generated content from digital platforms to understand the luxury culture
No full textInternational audienceAs perceived by company employees, luxury culture is best understood by collecting and analyzing anonymous genuine current or past employee-generated comments (EGCs) about their experience of specific work culture, without fear of retaliation by using digital platforms. This paper focuses on luxury culture, including organizational culture, founder culture, and country-of-origin culture. It examines the employee-perception of organizational culture in the case of L'Oréal, a luxury cosmetics company, by analyzing EGCs collected from a digital platform. This study demonstrates that sentiment analysis methodology is a valuable technique in understanding how employees' perceptions of luxury companies' cultures and significantly that changes happening in luxury brands' dynamic organizational cultures may well be known relatively early by analyzing the EGCs. This study adds a new factor to the luxury organizational culture called “digital culture,” in addition to the previously identified cultural determinants, including collective, emotional, historical, symbolic, dynamic, and diffuse dimensions
Eliciting brand association networks: A new method using online community data
No full textInternational audienceThis study explores a new methodology called community-aided brand concept map (CA-BCM) for eliciting brand association networks using data collected from technology-enabled online communities. NVivo software is used to qualitatively code these data to 1) uncover how users associate themselves with a brand and 2) use content analysis to quantify each of these associations, leading to the elicitation of a comprehensive network of brand associations and their relationships. Using the example of a movie brand, the new tool CA-BCM effectively uncovers 1) the core, secondary, and tertiary brand associations and 2) classifies the brand associations into strong, favorable, and unique associations. Finally, 3) using these brand association classification data and the brand awareness level, customer brand equity is measured. Pearson correlation is used to provide external validity to the CA-BCM technique, which shows a significant and positive relationship between customer brand equity and market performance. The implications and limitations of this study are presented
Economic policy uncertainty and sustainable financial growth: Does business strategy matter?
No full textInternational audienceUsing a data of 975 Chinese non-financial listed firms, this study investigates the impact of firm business strategy on sustainable financial growth during economic policy uncertainty. We use index-based measures of economic policy uncertainty, sustainable financial growth and business strategy and observe that economic policy uncertainty hurts the sustainable financial growth of Chinese firms. However, we find that a defensive business strategy positively moderates the negative impact of policy uncertainty, whereas an analytical business strategy mitigates the negative impact of policy uncertainty on sustainable financial growth. The results of the study provide guidance to corporations regarding strategy formulation to effectively deal with policy uncertainties. Our results are robust to different proxies of policy uncertainty and endogeneity issues
How rich is too rich? Visual design elements in digital marketing communications
No full textInternational audienceCompanies are increasingly including innovative visual design elements such as animations and pictographs in digital communication. While both elements can be beneficial in exchanges with their customers, we propose that combining them can have negative effects on communication effectiveness. Animations and pictographs enhance digital communication, essentially through increased perceptions of enrichment, but these elements also raise perceptions of clutter. As they enrich a message in unique ways, processing these different types of visual design elements requires distinct cognitive resources such that, when combined, clutter perceptions dominate the recipient’s perceptions and behaviors, thus paradoxically offsetting their positive effects. This interplay may not only undermine message outcomes but even spill over to downstream behavioral outcomes. In a large-scale randomized field experiment in cooperation with a mobile app company, we find that including animations (GIFs) and pictographs (emojis) together damages message outcomes (increasing unsubscriptions) and downstream outcomes (reducing in-app time) compared with what happens when these elements are deployed separately. We elaborate on the processing of the text and visual elements from this field experiment in two lab experiments, including an eye-tracking study. Finally, in two further online studies, we seek to establish whether the proposed mechanisms depend on the number of visuals or the types of pictographs employed
A dynamic theory of spatial externalities
No full textInternational audienceIn this paper, we revisit the theory of spatial externalities. In particular, we depart in several respects from the important literature studying the fundamental pollution free riding problem uncovered in the associated empirical works. First, instead of assuming ad hoc pollution diffusion schemes across space, we consider a realistic spatiotemporal law of motion for air and water pollution (diffusion and advection). Second, we tackle spatiotemporal non-cooperative (and cooperative) differential games. Precisely, we consider a circle partitioned into several states where a local authority decides autonomously about its investment, production and depollution strategies over time knowing that investment/production generates pollution, and pollution is transboundary. The time horizon is infinite. Third, we allow for a rich set of geographic heterogeneities across states while the literature assumes identical states. We solve analytically the induced non-cooperative differential game under decentralization and fully characterize the resulting long-term spatial distributions. We further provide with full exploration of the free riding problem, reflected in the so-called border effects. In particular, net pollution flows diffuse at an increasing rate as we approach the borders, with strong asymmetries under advection, and structural breaks show up at the borders. We also build a formal case in which a larger number of states goes with the exacerbation of pollution externalities. Finally, we explore how geographic discrepancies affect the shape of the border effects
