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L’agriculture biologique contribue-t-elle au bien-être ?
No full textInternational audienceThrough a case study of a producer association of organic fruit and vegetables in the Loire Valley Region of France (Loire Ocean Bio), this article proposes several approaches for understanding the potential links between organic farming and health and well-being. In the cases encountered by the authors, the classic utilitarian approach used by economists regarding health and well-being does not prove very useful in analyzing these links. Multidimensional measurements of the determinants of health and well-being, such as those proposed by Stiglitz report (Stiglitz, Sen and Fitoussi, 2009), prove to be better suited in this matter. Using their framework, this article highlights the finding that there appears to be a mutually reinforcing relationship between organic agriculture and health and well-being. That is to say, on certain points, organic agriculture helps to improve the quality of life in the region concerned, while at the same time the interests of health and well-being are of a central concern to organic producers.A travers l’étude de cas d’une association de producteurs de fruits et légumes biologiques en Pays de la Loire (Bio Loire Océan), cet article propose quelques pistes pour appréhender les liens potentiels entre agriculture biologique et bien-être. Dans les cas rencontrés par les auteurs, l’approche utilitariste des économistes du bien-être se révèle peu utile pour analyser ces liens. Les mesures multidimensionnelles des déterminants du bien-être, telles que celle proposée par le rapport Stiglitz (Stiglitz, Sen et Fitoussi, 2009), s’avèrent plus opérationnelles en la matière. S’appuyant sur cette grille de lecture, l’article met en évidence le fait que ce lien est dual. S’il est possible de dire que, sur certains points, l’agriculture bio favorise la production de capabilités et la qualité de vie sur le territoire considéré, il apparaît également que la recherche de bien-être est au coeur du projet politique des producteurs rencontrés
The Determinants of the Emergence of Coopetition Strategy in R&D
No full textInternational audienceThis study aims to reveal the determinants of the emergence of coopetition strategy in R&D programs. This qualitative research is based on an exploratory case study: the cluster Celtic-Plus, dedicated to wireless telecommunications within the Eureka program. Our results show that several factors are necessary for coopetitive projects to emerge: a favorable context for collaboration, research-oriented objectives, consistency with the strategy of member firms, and a portfolio of R&D projects represented in several European, national, and regional R&D programs. This research shows how the degree of maturity of technology shapes a firm’s choice of coopetition strategy. Competitors work together to render technology maturer but without arriving at the development of final products and services stage. This strategy creates a time-lag between the cooperative and the competitive behaviors of the coopetition strategy. The study concludes with guidance for firms choosing a coopetition strategy
Is the future a political economy? Functional analysis of three leading foresight and futures studies journals
No full textInternational audienceThis article tests whether the field of foresight and futures studies shows significant variable selection biases in the modelling of the future in general and the impact of function systems in particular. We performed a word frequency analysis to measure the relative importance of the political system, the economy, science, art, religion, law, sport, health, education, and the mass media to three pertinent journals in the field of futures studies and foresight. The results show that Futures, Long Range Planning, and Technological Forecasting and Social Change have different and changing preferences for the above function systems, an information which authors may find helpful in supporting decisions on where to submit. Our results also show that all journals feature a highly significant bias to the triple helix systems – the political system, the economy, and science. While the latter bias may be adequate to scientific journals, the dominant focus on the political system and the economy as well as the corresponding neglect of the other systems points at implicit presumptions about the importance of the individual systems that may not be in line with their importance to the larger society. Highlights: This article • Shows that present visions of futures are predominantly visions of political economies, and how to change this. • Suggests that solutions to future political and economic key problems might also be in the so-far neglected further function systems. • Proposes a new systematic set of key variables for consideration and inclusion in models and simulations of futures
A bivariate Hawkes process based model, for interest rates
No full textInternational audienceThis paper proposes a continuous time model for interest rates, based on a bi-variate self exciting point process. The two components of this process represent the global supply and demand for fixed income instruments. In this framework, closed form expressions are obtained for the first moments of the short term rate and for bonds, under an equivalent affine risk neutral measure. European derivatives are priced under a forward measure and a numerical algorithm is proposed to evaluate caplets and floorlets. The model is fitted to the time series of one year swap rates, from 2004 to 2014. From observation of yield curves over the same period, we filter the evolution of risk premiums of supply and demand processes. Finally, we analyze the sensitivity of implied volatilities of caplets to parameters defining the level of mutual-excitation
Influences from the European Parliament on EU emissions prices
No full textInternational audienceThe decisions of the European Parliament (EP) are shown to influence both EU emission allowance (EUA) prices and volatility. Reductions in price and increases in volatility are observed when EP decisions are (i) not “party-political” in origin, (ii) made during times of low market sentiment, or (iii) made during times of low market attention. Daily EUA prices from 2007 to 2014 are used in the study, with decisions analysed using an event study approach for price impact, and a GARCH specification for volatility impact. Our findings suggest the need for policymakers to improve communication of long-term strategies for the EUA market. This aims to reduce the evident ongoing uncertainty experienced by traders around each decision made by the EP. The finding that sentiment and market attention at the time of an EP decision influences the market's reaction indicates a need to consider market dynamics in terms of decision timing, so that market turbulence is not an unintended by-product of an EP decision. Some form of medium term forward guidance may be called for
Beneficiary contact and innovation: The relation between contact with patients and medical innovation under different institutional logics
No full textInternational audienceThe recent policy agenda to enhance translational research in biomedicine emphasizes the need to promote interactions among all the actors involved in the medical innovation process. While patients are generally acknowledged to be a critical source to facilitate medical innovation, there is little empirical evidence on the relation between direct contact with patients and medical innovation. Drawing on organizational psychology and institutional theory research, we propose that contact with beneficiaries is likely to enhance scientists’ propensity to engage in innovation activities, and that the intensity of this relation is contingent on the institutional setting in which actors are embedded. Our study is based on a large-scale survey of biomedical scientists in Spain. Our findings show an inverted U-shaped relationship between contact with patients and participation in medical innovation. We also observe that the effect of contact with patients varies depending on the institutional logic in which scientists are embedded: our results show that the positive relation between contact with patients and innovation is particularly pronounced for scientists who are embedded in a science logic compared to a care logic
Market Therapy? On Intervention in the Consociation with Non‐members
No full textInternational audienceWhile the majority of market interventions is concerned with market interventions that are good for particular market participants, this article is interested in interventions that are good for markets. We draw on observations of historical markets as presented by Hamilton Grierson and Max Weber to rediscover markets as forms of communication that systematically transcend the ambitions and influence of the individual market participants. We show that this non‐possessive concept of markets cancels established definitions of market failure and corresponding justifications of market interventions. We then imagine market intervention strategies that account for rather than problematize the double‐contingent nature of markets and outline systemic intervention strategies that emerge if we observe markets in the medium of the health system rather than in the medium of the economy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Grenoble–GIANT Territorial Innovation Models: Are investments in research infrastructures worthwhile?
No full textInternational audienceOver the past decades, the EU heavily invested in Research Infrastructures (RI). What are the expected returns of such investments? In the present article we address the question of returns on public funds/public infrastructures.We consider the role of RI and universities from an economic, social, and entrepreneurial perspective from various Territorial Innovation Models (TIMs): Italian industrial districts, innovative milieus, regional innovation systems, new industrial spaces, and regional clusters.We conducted our empirical study on Grenoble Isère Alpes Nanotechnologies (GIANT), which is composed of large scientific instruments, universities, and engineering and management schools.Our microeconomic methodology measured the socioeconomic and entrepreneurial effects of GIANT with respect to budget, employment, and spin-off generation. We contribute to the existing body of knowledge on TIMs by comparing the long-term investments to the generation of wealth, the creation of employment, and the development of start-ups; adding new insights to the debate opposing positive and negative impacts empirical studies; and offering recommendations for the use of public resources. In our discussion, we compare the GIANT model as a very localized RI-university club to the Grenoble model as localized cluster
International Variations in the Impact of Perceived Entrepreneurial Ability and Actual Ability on Entrepreneurial Activities
No full textInternational audiencePerceived entrepreneurial ability and high actual ability impact entrepreneurial activities, irrespective of the stage of development of the economy, but the joint impact of perceived entrepreneurial ability and high actual ability is not systematic across economies
Understanding the climate–knowledge sharing relation: The moderating roles of intrinsic motivation and job autonomy
No full textInternational audienceA cooperative organizational climate is often argued to promote knowledge-sharing behaviors among employees. However, research indicates that managerial interventions aimed at shaping the organizational climate can be difficult to execute. We develop and test a contingency model of intrinsic motivation and job autonomy as moderators of this relationship. We find that the social climate for cooperation better predicts knowledge sharing when employees show low levels of intrinsic motivation and have high levels of job autonomy. This suggests that a cooperative climate and intrinsic motivation are substitutes with respect to their impact on knowledge-sharing behaviors, while climate and job autonomy are complements. We find support for these ideas in data gathered from a sample of 170 employees of a knowledge-intensive firm