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OM Forum—Pandemics/Epidemics: Challenges and Opportunities for Operations Management Research
No full textInternational audienceWe reviewed research papers related to pandemics/epidemics (disease outbreaks of a global/regional scope) published in major operations management, operations research, and management science journals through the end of 2019. We evaluate and categorize these papers. We study research trends, explore research gaps, and provide directions for more efficient and effective research in the future. In addition, our recommendations include the lessons learned from the ongoing pandemic, COVID-19. We discuss papers in the following categories: (a) warning signals/surveillance, (b) disease propagation leading to pandemic conditions, (c) mitigation, (d) vaccines and therapeutics development, (e) resource management, (f) supply chain configuration, (g) decision support systems for managing pandemics/epidemics, and (h) risk assessment
Economic policy uncertainty and sustainable financial growth: Does business strategy matter?
No full textInternational audienceUsing a data of 975 Chinese non-financial listed firms, this study investigates the impact of firm business strategy on sustainable financial growth during economic policy uncertainty. We use index-based measures of economic policy uncertainty, sustainable financial growth and business strategy and observe that economic policy uncertainty hurts the sustainable financial growth of Chinese firms. However, we find that a defensive business strategy positively moderates the negative impact of policy uncertainty, whereas an analytical business strategy mitigates the negative impact of policy uncertainty on sustainable financial growth. The results of the study provide guidance to corporations regarding strategy formulation to effectively deal with policy uncertainties. Our results are robust to different proxies of policy uncertainty and endogeneity issues
Olive oil supply chain design with organic and conventional market segments and consumers’ preference to local products
No full textInternational audienceRecent market studies showed that the demand for organic and local agrifood products is increasing despite their higher prices. The agribusiness actors should therefore rethink the supply chain configuration to cope with new market trends characterized by the rise of the organic segment and the increase of consumers' preference to more local products. This study focuses on the olive oil sector and proposes a mixed-integer non-linear optimization model for the design of olive oil supply chains while incorporating organic and conventional market segments and considering, for each segment, a supply chain proximity- and price-sensitive demand. The model is developed with the collaboration of olive oil producers in the Mediterranean area. Thanks to this industrial collaboration, we account for real-world practices and constraints and apply the model to a realistic case study. We first linearize the model and show that it can be efficiently solved with commercial optimization softwares. Based on numerical experiments, we derive a series of managerial insights that are applicable to the considered case study, some of them are not intuitive. For instance, we show that an increase in consumers’ preference to more local products may lead the producer to offer products with a more global supply chain. The conventional product variety may be produced with a more local supply chain than the organic (premium) variety. Finally, offering a mix of organic and conventional varieties instead of only one variety would lead to implementing a more local supply chain
How rich is too rich? Visual design elements in digital marketing communications
No full textInternational audienceCompanies are increasingly including innovative visual design elements such as animations and pictographs in digital communication. While both elements can be beneficial in exchanges with their customers, we propose that combining them can have negative effects on communication effectiveness. Animations and pictographs enhance digital communication, essentially through increased perceptions of enrichment, but these elements also raise perceptions of clutter. As they enrich a message in unique ways, processing these different types of visual design elements requires distinct cognitive resources such that, when combined, clutter perceptions dominate the recipient’s perceptions and behaviors, thus paradoxically offsetting their positive effects. This interplay may not only undermine message outcomes but even spill over to downstream behavioral outcomes. In a large-scale randomized field experiment in cooperation with a mobile app company, we find that including animations (GIFs) and pictographs (emojis) together damages message outcomes (increasing unsubscriptions) and downstream outcomes (reducing in-app time) compared with what happens when these elements are deployed separately. We elaborate on the processing of the text and visual elements from this field experiment in two lab experiments, including an eye-tracking study. Finally, in two further online studies, we seek to establish whether the proposed mechanisms depend on the number of visuals or the types of pictographs employed
Money laundering and AML regulatory and judicial system regimes: investigation of FinCEN files
No full textInternational audienceUsing a novel dataset, this paper explores the link between cross-border flows of illicit money and anti-money laundering (AML) regulatory and judicial system regimes. To this extent, we explore the information contained in thousands of suspicious activity reports filed by US banks and recently disseminated within the FinCEN files investigation. For a sample of 106 jurisdictions, we relate money laundering (ML) flows as well as the central role of each country’s banks within the international ML network to several variables capturing the AML regulatory stance and ML enforcement. The results point to the crucial role played by judicial system performance variables in explaining the layering phase patterns observed in the underlying data
COVID risk narratives: a computational linguistic approach to the econometric identification of narrative risk during a pandemic
No full textInternational audienceIn this paper, we study the role of narratives in stock markets with a particular focus on the relationship with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic represents a natural setting for the development of viral financial market narratives. We thus treat the pandemic as a natural experiment on the relation between prevailing narratives and financial markets. We adopt natural language processing (NLP) on financial news to characterize the evolution of important narratives. Doing so, we reduce the high-dimensional narrative information to few interpretable and important features while avoiding over-fitting
Scenario-based redesigning of a relief supply-chain network by considering humanitarian constraints, triage, and volunteers’ help
No full textInternational audienceIn disaster management problems, supply and distribution chains of relief commodities have been one of the most critical parts of planning for both pre- and post-disaster phases. Providing relief items (medical supplies) for injured people can directly affect the vitality rate, and this would perfectly explain the necessity of implementing such practical studies in this field. Thus, a scenario-based, multi-period, multi-objective, two-stage, location-allocation model for providing relief commodities to demand points in an uncertain environment is proposed in this study. Humanitarian constraints (equitizing the number of distributed items and the service time as well as prioritizing areas in receiving the commodities) are also considered in the model to make it closer to reality. Such other practical contributions as redesigning the supply chain and addressing volunteers’ help in the supply and distribution processes are formulated as well. Moreover, using the triage concept for distributing vital items is presented for the first time in this study. The proposed non-linear model is initially linearized and then solved by applying the epsilon-constraint technique. Due to the NP-Hardness property of the model, an NSGA-II and a hybrid algorithm are also presented to solve larger-sized instances. Solving numerical examples and conducting sensitivity analysis verify the applicability and efficiency of the proposed model as well as the solution algorithms and provide some managerial insights to improve the performance of the relief logistics
Does country-level eco-innovation help reduce corporate CO2 emissions? Evidence from Europe
No full textInternational audienc
One tie to capture advice and friendship: Leader multiplex centrality effects on team performance change.
No full textInternational audienceBecause leaders' authority is often insufficient to change team performance, formal team leaders seek informal influence through the occupation of central positions in social networks. Prior research focuses on leader centrality involving simplex ties, that is, either friendship or advice, to the neglect of multiplex ties that involve the overlap of friendship and advice. Friendship and advice ties offer different but complementary resources, so leader centrality in one but not the other network limits leader influence. We provide theory and evidence concerning how leader multiplex centrality affects team performance improvement, particularly if leaders are embedded in team social contexts with sparse friendship and numerous adversarial ties. The research context involved 84 ongoing public university service teams headed by formal leaders. Our results show the importance of leader multiplex centrality relative to leader simplex centrality. First, leader multiplex centrality predicted team performance change over a 2-year period more strongly than leader centrality in either the advice or the friendship team network. Second, leader multiplex centrality positively predicted team performance change for teams featuring dense adversarial networks or sparse friendship networks. It is not sufficient, therefore, for leaders to be either liked or regarded as expert. It is the integration of both advice and friendship in one tie between the leader and followers that facilitates performance change
Surviving disruption: nature inspired solutions
No full textInternational audiencePurpose Decision-makers in companies increasingly face unprecedented natural disasters. When business continuity is at risk, managers need a framework to imminently react. Design/methodology/approach A literature review and analysis of survival responses in nature and business case examples of company responses to the Covid-19 pandemic was the approach used. Findings There are direct parallels between the physiological stress response when a living individual perceives a threat to its survival, and the immediate reactions that occur when companies are faced with a disruptive event. Practical implications This article is meant to be used by decision-makers in companies to better react to disruptive events. Originality/value While nature-inspired methods have inspired inventions and algorithms, Hans Selye's general adaptation theory has not been used in parallel with business scenarios. We correlate fundamental organism survival mechanisms with a risk response framework to improve the probability of business survival during external threats