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Decomposing manufacturing CO2 emission changes: An improved production-theoretical decomposition analysis based on industrial linkage theory
No full textInternational audienceIdentifying key drivers of manufacturing CO2 emissions is critical to carbon reduction practices. For manufacturing, CO2 emissions are mainly determined by production capacity and production scale. However, traditional production-theoretical decomposition analysis (PDA) fails to consider production-scale-related drivers. To better support policy development and implementation, this paper improves PDA based on industrial linkage theory. The improved model can identify seven production-capacity-related drivers and five production-scale-related drivers, allowing a comprehensive understanding of CO2 emission drivers. Then this model is implemented to investigate CO2 emission changes in 18 manufacturing sectors in Hubei Province, China, from 2012 to 2017. Results show that manufacturing CO2 reduction efforts in Hubei Province have yielded some achievements, with reduced potential energy intensity and improved CO2 emission technical efficiency in most sectors. Changes in external market demand and final demand structure have contributed to CO2 reduction in most sectors. Results also reveal some problems in manufacturing in Hubei Province, such as the inability to improve CO2 emission technical efficiency and CO2 emission technology strength, the slow improvement of energy utilization technical efficiency and energy utilization technology strength, and the reduction of value-added rate
Close encounters with the virtual kind: Defining a human-virtual agent coexistence framework
No full textInternational audienceVirtual agent research has evolved into a substantial body of work, albeit one with a fragmented structure and overlapping, and at times inconsistent, definitions and results. The current paper presents a computational literature review of 1865 academic journal publications and conference proceedings from 1995 to 2022 using Latent Dirichlet Allocation to understand the publication trends in the field, its intellectual structure, and how topics within virtual agent research have evolved and relate to each other. Our results point to a model of 16 topics as best representing the current state of the research landscape. We present descriptions of these topics, as well as topic dynamics and networks, in order to provide a clear picture of the current state of the field. We then organise these topics into a Human-Virtual Agent Coexistence Framework, identifying current trends and opportunities for future research
Deparadoxification and value focus in sharing ventures: Concealing paradoxes in strategic decision-making
No full textInternational audienceThis study investigates how sharing ventures address the paradox of doing good versus doing harm in their strategic decision-making. The doing good versus doing harm paradox refers to the difficulty of sharing ventures to balance the aim to benefit society and the environment while minimizing potential adverse effects. Understanding and addressing this paradox is crucial for promoting sustainable and responsible decision-making. Our thematic content analysis of 38 in-depth interviews with founders and senior managers of sharing ventures in four European countries finds that these ventures align along three distinct value focus types in their decision-making and use five mechanisms to conceal paradoxes related to balancing social/environmental and economic contradictions. By surfacing the importance of sharing ventures’ value focus and resultant mechanisms to deparadoxify, our findings provide insights into organisational paradox and the sharing economy, specifically the purposeful concealment of paradox as a counterintuitive choice for remaining actionable in decision contexts
Does climate governance affect waste disclosure? Evidence from the U.S.
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Guest editorial: Artificial intelligence as an enabler for entrepreneurs: an integrative perspective and future research directions
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Resource Mobility and Market Performance
No full textInternational audienceWe derive a feedback equilibrium of an infinite-horizon dynamic Cournot game where production requires exploitation of a renewable mobile resource, such as migratory fish, wildlife, and groundwater. We study how a small increase in the resource mobility parameter (starting from a position of no resource mobility) impacts on the equilibrium and the associated consumer’s surplus, firms’ profits and social welfare. We show that consumer’s surplus and social welfare increase in the short run but decrease in the long run, while firms’ profits may either increase or decrease in the short run, depending on initial conditions, and increase in the long run. Over the entire planning horizon, both the discounted consumer’s surplus and the discounted social welfare decrease, whereas the discounted profits increase. This result remains valid also in the presence of a per unit tax on extracti
Subtle activism: Heterotopic principles for unsettling contemporary academia from within
No full textInternational audienceResearch on academic activism tends to foreground vociferous and explicit forms of activism that pursue predefined political agendas. Against this backdrop, this article proposes that academic activism can take more subtle forms. Writing as an academic activist collective, we unpack what subtle activism might look like within the context of contemporary academia. We use Foucault’s concept of heterotopia to argue that subtle activism can expand the space of what is possible in academia today by experimenting with quietly unsettling norms rather than overtly opposing or rejecting them. We offer a set of principles that might underpin a subtle activist agenda, extrapolated from practices from colleagues and from own activist collective. We hope that these principles may serve to inspire other academics wishing to engage in subtle activism by unsettling everyday practices that discreetly challenge the status quo, thereby contributing to gently shifting the agenda for how it is possible to conduct intellectual work in the contemporary neoliberal university context
Why Are Inflation Forecasts Sticky ? Theory and Application to France and Germany
No full textInternational audienceThis paper proposes to adapt the model of pricing decisions developed by Alvarez, Lippi, and Paciello (2011) to the decision process of forecasters. The model features both a fixed cost of announcing a revised forecast and a fixed cost of updating the information set and adapting the forecast accordingly. Basically, the former fixed communication costs determine state dependence, which implies that the forecaster changes its forecast only when it is far enough from the optimal forecast, i.e., beyond a fixed threshold; the latter fixed information costs determine time dependence, which implies that the forecaster updates its information set only every other T periods, where T is optimally chosen. We show that survey data of inflation forecast updates as well as the last known monthly inflation rates can be used to estimate the threshold implied by the theoretical model. This threshold estimate is then crucial to uncover the optimal time between two information observations. French and German data suggest that the maximum optimal time to next observation is six months, while the observation cost is at most twice as large as the communication cost. the existence of both types of costs as well as an upper bound of the optimal time between two information observations. French and German data suggest that the maximum optimal time to next observation is six months, while the observation cost is at most twice as large as the communication cost
Approaching management and organization paradoxes paradoxically: The case for the tetralemma as an expansive encasement strategy
No full textInternational audiencehe field of paradox studies keeps struggling to put the notion of paradox into the very centre of organizational life and managerial decision-making, with mixed success. We argue that this research ambition can be realized much more effectively by anchoring the field in three interrelated conceptual approaches which build on paradox as the paradigmatic point of departure. These approaches include Spencer Brown’s form calculus, Niklas Luhmann’s systems and organization theory, and the traditional Indian logical construct of tetralemma. In the proposed argument, paradox constitutes the very identity of organizations as (re-entries of) distinctions drawn in the environment; it is actualized in every act of organizational decision communication, as well as in the process of the continual vanishing and renewal of such acts. In this conception of organizational life, the key challenge is to debunk false distinctions by using tetralemmatization strategies that entail a radical questioning of the problematic observational perspectives
A bi-level multi-follower optimization model for R&D project portfolio: an application to a pharmaceutical holding company
No full textInternational audienceThe need for a study of project portfolio optimization in pharmaceutical R&D has become all the more urgent with the outbreak of COVID-19. This study examines a new model for optimizing R&D project portfolios under a decentralized decision-making structure in a pharmaceutical holding company. Specifically, two levels of decision makers hierarchically decide on budget allocation and project portfolio selection-scheduling to maximize their profit, and we formulate the problem as a bi-level multi-follower mixed-integer optimization model. At the upper level, the investment company has complete knowledge of the subsidiaries' response, acts first, and decides on the best budget allocation. At the lower level, each subsidiary responds to the allocated budget and decides on its portfolio scheduling. Since the lower level represents several mixed-integer programming problems, solving the resulting bi-level model is challenging. Therefore, we propose an efficient hybrid solution approach based on parametric optimization and convert the bi-level model into a single-level mixed-integer model. To validate it, we solve a case and discuss the optimal strategy of each actor. The experimental results show that the planned project portfolio for each subsidiary of the holding company is drastically affected by the allocated budget and its decisions