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An Asset-Based Causal Loop Model to Improve Corporate Value
No full textInternational audienceAssessing a company’s value is an important leverage for decision-making. Indeed, all decisions made within a company are generally aimed at maximizing the company’s value. In accounting, almost all models for assessing the value of a company are related to the amount of cash the company is able to generate. As a result, maximizing the value of a firm is usually about maximizing cash flow. However, beyond the usual accounting models, several recent initiatives have highlighted the key role of managing all assets, and not only the ones considered by the general accountability, in decision making and cash generation. Unfortunately, these methods are currently limited to conceptual and qualitative proposals that do not lead to a real decision support system thus far. This paper proposes a first step of formalization aiming at providing tools for these asset-oriented decision support approaches. The contribution is a Causal Loop Diagram to Support Decision-Making in order to maximize the value of companies. Based on a dedicated literature review, we design an asset-based causal loop model that formalizes the qualitative results of the literature review. We then develop an instantiation on an illustrative case via simulation in order to verify the relevance of the proposal and to show how such a model can be used in practice for decision making. This will support next research to develop an asset-based decision support system to maximize value of companies
Moussage de polymères bio-sourcés assisté par CO2 supercritique
No full textNational audienceLe CO2 utilisé comme agent physique de gonflement de polymères présente plusieurs vertus. En effet, il est non toxique et sa zone supercritique est facilement atteignable (31◦C-74bars). De plus, il est soluble dans la plupart des polymères thermoplastiques, ce qui permet de diminuer les températures opératoires et de modifier significativement les propriétés physiques des objets formés. L’exposé met en lumière les travaux effectués ces dernières années autour du moussage assisté par CO2 supercritique par différentes équipes internationales, ainsi qu’au sein du laboratoire RAPSODEE. Une attention particulière sera accordée aux effets des conditions opératoires (en batch ou en continu) sur la morphologie, la texture poreuse et la structure cristalline des objets moussés à partir de polymères biosourcés
Vers une logistique urbaine interconnectée pour les pays en voie de développement
No full textInternational audienceLast mile delivery is a crucial component of the supply chain process, particularly in developing countries. However, traditional delivery methods are often characterized by inefficiencies, such as high costs, long delivery times, and poor delivery accuracy. The rise of e-commerce and the growth of online retail have added further pressure to last mile delivery in these countries. To address these challenges, Physical Internet (PI) has emerged as a promising solution. PI is a new paradigm for logistics and supply chain management that aims to increase the efficiency, sustainability, and resilience of the supply chain. This study aims to assess the impact of PI on last mile delivery in developing countries, using a digital model-based approach. By analyzing the potential benefits and limitations of PI, this study will contribute to the literature and provide insights and recommandations into the implementation of PI-based scenarios in last mile delivery in developing countries.La livraison du dernier kilomètre est un élément crucial du processus de la chaîne d'approvisionnement, en particulier dans les pays en développement. Cependant, les méthodes de livraison traditionnelles sont souvent caractérisées par des inefficacités, telles que des coûts élevés, des délais de livraison longs et une mauvaise précision de la livraison. L'essor du e-commerce et la croissance de la vente au détail en ligne ont ajouté une pression supplémentaire sur la livraison du dernier kilomètre dans ces pays. Pour relever ces défis, l'Internet Physique (IP) est apparu comme une solution prometteuse. L'IP est un nouveau paradigme pour la logistique et la gestion de la chaîne d'approvisionnement qui vise à accroître l'efficacité, la durabilité et la résilience de la chaîne d'approvisionnement. Cette étude vise à évaluer l'impact de l'IP sur la livraison du dernier kilomètre dans les pays en développement, en utilisant une approche basée sur un modèle numérique. En analysant les avantages et les limites potentiels de l'IP, cette étude contribuera à la littérature et fournira des idées et des recommandations pour la mise en oeuvre de scénarios basés sur l'IP dans la livraison du dernier kilomètre dans les pays en développement
Capitalisation de connaissances en configuration de biens et de services : vers une meilleure gestion de la communalité des modèles
No full textInternational audienceDepuis les années 2000, nous assistons à une explosion des biens et/ou services personnalisés. Anciennement réservée au secteur du luxe, la personnalisation s'étend désormais aux biens de consommation et aux services du quotidien. Dans ce contexte grandissant de personnalisation, les entreprises se doivent de proposer à leurs clients des biens et des services adaptés à leurs besoins spécifiques. Pour se faire, cette personnalisation nécessite la formalisation de la diversité proposée par une entreprise sous la forme de modèle générique de configuration. Chaque famille de systèmes et/ou services voit ainsi sa diversité extraite, validée et formalisée sous forme d'un modèle générique que l'entreprise doit ainsi gérer et maintenir. Notons que l'obtention et la mise à jour de ces modèles génériques requièrent une implication forte de plusieurs experts de l'entreprise (Marketing, Bureau d'études, Production, Maintenance), ainsi que plusieurs itérations. Plusieurs modèles génériques peuvent alors cohabiter au sein d'une même entreprise, multipliant les opérations nécessaires à leurs mises à jour et les erreurs potentielles. Pour éviter cela, nous proposons dans cet article, d'utiliser conjointement les concepts d'ontologies, de problèmes de satisfaction de contraintes, d'héritage et de communalité pour améliorer la génération, la mise à jour et la gestion de ces modèles génériques
Peut-on aborder les enjeux controversés sans sombrer dans la polémique ? Guide du GT « Controverses » de l’Institut Mines-Télécom
No full textAu terme de deux années de travail, le GT « Controverses » a souhaité souligner premièrement la responsabilité de l’Institut Mines-Télécom dans la formation de futurs ingénieurs et managers qui seront confrontés dans le cadre de leurs activités professionnelles à l’expression d’arguments (pas seulement les leurs) et à la prise de décision dans des situations qui pourront être plus ou moins controversées. Deuxièmement, dans un contexte ou la décision évolue vers des situations de plus en plus controversées. La guerre en Ukraine et ses conséquences en sont un exemple, tout autant que la transition écologique, sociale et sociétale. Les choix managériaux et technologiques sont pris dans des enjeux plus larges, « controversés ». Il est donc primordial de travailler sur le développement de compétences spécifiques dans le curricula des étudiants afin de sortir de situations scolaires souvent trop bornées et dans lesquelles les controverses sont réputées ne pas exister d’une part et d’autre part il est nécessaire de comprendre les situations controversées afin de mettre en place des dispositifs permettant d’y faire face.Ce guide qui se veut avant tout opérationnelle et pratique, identifie les enjeux principaux d’une pédagogie par et pour les controverses, afin d’offrir à l’enseignant·e- chercheur·e intéressé·e un ensemble de repères solides pour se lancer, répondre aux attentes des apprenant·e·s ou améliorer son cours ; bref, mettre le pied à l’étrier.Ainsi cette publication précise ce qu’est une situation controversée, les compétences requises ou travaillées dans ce genre de situation ou encore en quoi cela pose des défis spécifiques à l’enseignant·e, en termes de posture
Collaborative Information Seeking during a 911 Call Surge: A Case Study
No full textInternational audienceThis case study examines collaborative information seeking in a public-safety answering point during a 911 call surge that occurred when a man fired an assault rifle at police officers and evaded capture for nearly an hour in March 2020. Overwhelmed by questionable and imprecise reports from 911 callers, telecommunicators and on-scene responders began working together to conduct broad and deep searches for the shooter. Whereas broad searches improved the scope of information gathering by identifying multiple, albeit questionable and imprecise, reports of the suspect’s location, deep searches improved the quality of information gathering by investigating 911 callers’ reports using drone, helicopter, and patrol units. These findings suggest requirements for collaborative information seeking in public-safety answering points, including capabilities to conduct broad and deep searches using next-generation 911 technologies, and command and control requirements for triaging these search taskswithin inter-organizational emergency response systems
A proof-of-concept study of coupled supercritical CO2-assisted processes to produce solid self-assembled drug delivery systems (S-SADDS)
No full textInternational audienceThe development of innovative drug delivery systems is currently under intense consideration to overcome bioavailability issues of poorly water-soluble drugs. Among the many existing delivery systems, self-assembled drug delivery systems (SADDS) are of great interest. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN), which are part of SADDS, have been widely studied in the pharmaceutical field since they are biodegradables and biocompatibles. However, stability of SLN suspension over time is limited and quick drug released were frequently observed. The development of solid SADDS (S-SADDS), to produce an on-demand delivery system, through a one-step production process has been designed to overcome these issues. The coupling of both Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (scCO2) assisted RESS and SAS processes (RESS/SAS) have been proposed as a proof-of-concept. This study was carried out in three steps: (i) the development and adjustment of operating conditions to produce SLN suspension using solvent injection process, (ii) the optimization of the formulation to produce SLN with a mean particle size diameter close to 100 nm and stable at least 24 h, (iii) the transposition of the SLN formulation composition into the RESS/SAS coupled process for the production of S-SADDS. SLN composed of stearic acid, PVP K30, phosphatidylcholine and nifedipine, with an average size under 100 nm and a zeta potential about −35 mV were obtained from the preliminary study. These results allowed the transposition of the optimal formulation into RESS/SAS crystallization process. The developed RESS/SAS scCO2-assisted processes demonstrate the simultaneous crystallization of a self-assembled formulation in a one step process. A control of operating conditions was also demonstrated through the generation of S-SADDS containing desired amount of nifedipine. The proof-ofconcept process studied, seems to be very promising tool for the generation of complex solids, intermediate products or for the development of innovative drug delivery systems
New performing hydroxyapatite-based catalysts in dry-reforming of methane
No full textInternational audienceDry reforming of methane (DRM) is a promising process for the production of synthetic gas from carbon dioxide and methane. However, the design of a performing catalyst for this reaction is still challenging since catalyst deactivation usually takes place, principally by thermal sintering at high temperatures (700–950 °C) and by carbon deposition. In this work, calcium hydroxyapatite (HAP) and HAP-doped magnesium (Mg_HAP) supported nickel catalysts were synthesized by wet precipitation method, characterized by various physico-chemical and thermal techniques, and evaluated in DRM reaction. Outstanding catalytic performance in DRM could be obtained with Ni/ HAP and Ni/Mg_HAP catalysts, thanks to a tunable acidity-basicity of these supports, a strong metal-support interaction, and a good thermal stability of nickel nanoparticles. H2 and CO were the main products, with stable selectivity up to 85 ∓ 3%, while H2O and solid carbon were byproducts with 5–10% of selectivity
Monitoring, analysis, and quantification of hydrogen from biomass and biowaste: A review: Review
No full textInternational audienceHydrogen is called to play a crucial role in decarbonizing different sectors by meaningfully reducing their emissions. Hydrogen production from biomass and biowaste has recently gained momentum due to the high availability of the resource and maturity of thermochemical conversion technologies. However, hydrogen monitoring and purification is required to optimize the process and to meet end-point-applications specifications. This paper provides a comprehensive state-of-the-art on the hydrogen monitoring, analysis, and quantification techniques, with a focus on gas mixtures containing hydrogen. Precision, response time, stability, selectivity of the methods together with other key parameters namely poisoning, interaction with other gases, hydrogen concentration, operating conditions, are confronted. The need for fast and precise hydrogen quantification, especially in the case of complex gaseous mixtures and for high-grade hydrogen applications, together with the need of reliable standards and materials able to provide fast hydrogen adsorption-desorption cycles are the main challenges that arise from our analysis
Density, Viscosity, and Excess Properties of Aqueous Solution of 1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI)
No full textInternational audienceA complete study of thermophysical properties concerning the 1,3-dimethyl-2imidazolidinone (DMI) + water binary system is realized. Density, speed of sound, dynamic viscosities, and refractive index measurements have been performed at atmospheric pressure, using a vibrating tube densitometer, a falling ball viscosimeter, and a refractometer for pure DMI, pure water, and for aqueous solutions of DMI, from 278.15 to 323.15 K. The thermal expansion was calculated from density data. Excess Gibbs energy of flow and the corresponding excess entropy of flow were also calculated considering dynamic viscosity and density data. Excess molar properties (volume, thermal expansion, Gibbs energy of flow and square of refractive index) were calculated and the Redlich-Kister equations were applied to correlate the data. The analysis of the behavior of the excess properties allows to identify the most relevant molecular interaction in mixtures rich in DMI and in mixtures rich in water. Our results show that DMI can be classified as a liquid structure maker and that molecules of water are certainly inserted in the DMI network at finite dilution