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Piloter le transport de colis intelligents : proposition d’une approche décentralisée Application aux colis contenant des produits sensibles
No full textCentralised transport logistics systems reach their limits, facing with fragmented shipments and complex logistics networks. Breakthrough innovations, as the Physical Internet initiative, steer research works to decentralised, open and collaborative monitoring approaches. The research work in this thesis aims to query the relevance of decentralised monitoring applied on intelligent and opportunistic parcels. Thus, we define key performance indicators allowing each parcel to make its own decisions and direct itself on the logistics network. These indicators allow parcels to evaluate each transportation opportunity. In the third part, we evaluate the relevance of our model, testing these indicators with different transportation types. We use a design of experiments with Discrete-Event Simulation models to test several transportation scenarios. Finally, in the fourth part, we applied our experiments on a French Blood Establishment Supply Chain part. It aims to compare the current organisation with the expected one and conclude on the relevance of our proposition.L’environnement logistique s’appuie sur des systèmes de pilotage centralisés qui atteignent aujourd’hui leurs limites face à un réseau logistique et des envois de plus en plus complexes et fragmentés. Des initiatives de rupture comme l’Internet Physique orientent les développements futurs vers un pilotage décentralisé, ouvert et collaboratif. Nous inscrivant pleinement dans cette dynamique, le travail de recherche présenté dans ce manuscrit a pour but de questionner la pertinence d’un pilotage décentralisé de colis intelligents et opportunistes. Nous définissons un ensemble d’indicateurs de pilotage permettant à chaque colis de prendre ses propres décisions pour se router sur le réseau logistique. Ils peuvent alors évaluer la performance d’opportunités de transport qui se présentent. Puis, nous confrontons cette approche avec différents types de transport afin d’évaluer sa pertinence. Un plan d’expériences, déployé sur un moteur de simulation à événements discrets, nous permet alors de tester plusieurs scénarios. Enfin, dans une quatrième partie, nous étendons notre étude sur une proportion du réseau logistique de l’Établissement Français du Sang pour comparer une organisation actuelle avec une organisation cible et conclure sur la pertinence de notre modèle
A Decision-Making Support System for Operational Coordination of Home Health Care Services
No full textInternational audienceNowadays, the majority of elderly people want to live longer in autonomy and well-being. As there are not enough places available in specialized institutions, Home Health Care Services are an alternative. With the fast rise of the demand, the organizations become aware of both existing limitations and of this potential for Research and Development (R&D). They manifest two types of need: one is to be able to identify their own HHC coordination problem, the other is to find solutions for this specific need. In this paper, we propose a systemic analysis of these two aspects to identify the complexity of the relationship between the offer and the demand for HHC services. Then, we present one prototype BLPAD for decision-making support of the coordination in HHC. This research work reveals scientific obstacles and attempts to define a comprehensive response to this expectation of the HHC services ecosystem
Resilience of Interconnected Infrastructures and Systems: the RESIIST project
No full textInternational audienceThis paper introduces a methodology for resilience assessment of critical infrastructures based on massive data. The methodology is developed for the needs of the RESIIST research project. We start from the observation that the security of large cities has become a major issue. To ensure the proper functioning of critical infrastructures, it is essential to make the right decisions at the right time. To do this, managers are informed in their decision-making processes by several indicators such as resilience. As insecurity becomes more and more threatening with technological, natural and terrorist risks, it is essential to have an indicator of resilience of the infrastructures guaranteeing security. We therefore propose an innovative method of assessing resilience. It is innovative in that it combines both the genericity (it applies to all types of infrastructure), it takes into account several dimensions (economic, technical, social, human, regulatory etc.), it integrates massive data (from cameras, sensors, GIS, and social networks), it allows decision-making in an immersive environment in virtual reality
A Generic Knowledge-based Model for Commercial Offers : Towards a Unified Model to Configure Products, Services and PSS During Callsfor Tenders
No full text“© © 2019 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.”International audienceToday, consumption patterns are changing: firstly, customers (private and industrial ones) want more and more products and services that can be personalized to their needs, and secondly, they are more and more willing to pay for usage of a product rather than ownership. Companies have therefore to adapt their catalog of solutions by putting on the market customizable and suitable solutions going from products to services, including all their possible combinations. The aim of this article is to propose a generic knowledge-based model, dedicated to commercial offers configuration, which can cope with all the diversity of solutions a company can deliver. Up to our knowledge, even if some works on product, service and product-service system exist, none is generic enough to support such commercial offer configuration while bidding. In this paper, after a brief state-of-the-art, the need of a generic model is set up. Then, a unified model is proposed and illustrated on use-cases coming from industrial situations
A decision-making framework based on knowledge criteria in network partner selection
No full textInternational audienceIn a complex project, an organization is often not able to manage all aspects alone, since it does not have all the required competences, skills or resources. In this case, alliance formation can be a solution for project development. Apart from simply managing complex projects, firms also find it important to increase innovativeness by sharing knowledge between partners in alliances. However, in alliances one of the difficulties is achieving effective collaboration: mis-communication, missing skills or missing resources create a high risk that the project fails to achieve its goals. In order to decrease the risk of failure, and to overcome potential collaboration inefficiency, partner selection takes place among firms that are able to communicate well while at the same time having the required knowledge to achieve their objectives. The important role of partner selection in alliances justifies the increased attention given to substantial criteria in alliance formation. Proposing a knowledge-based framework aimed at increasing the understanding of partner selection in alliances is the contribution of this paper. This knowledge can be gained by evaluating projects from a technological point of view to estimate their challenging degrees, and studying the partners background in past projects or partnerships. This paper structured to propose hypotheses based on a systematic literature review. At the heart of the hypotheses is a consideration of the needs of the project, and starting there allows us to characterize alliance formation and partner selection using a new typology. Finally, a novel framework is proposed that could help decision-makers in the managerial aspects of partner selection in alliance formation. The framework also presents considerable potential for future studies
Composite hybride modèle de fibres de carbone recyclées
No full textNational audienceL'homme au vélo solaire sur France 3The recycling of organic composites reinforced with carbon fibers has been a research theme that has been pursued for several years [1,2,3]. In particular, it has been demonstrated that after a physico-chemical treatment called vapothermolysis, carried outin an environment of superheated steam [3], the properties of the recovered fibers were preserved [1,2]. Previous studies have also shown the importance of textile processes in the quality and properties of second-generation composites, especially for those based on mats [1,2].From carbon fibers (T700, T300, IM7) of length (50, 80 and 110mm), nonwoven mats were manufactured by carding. These non-woven mats were implemented by thermo-compression with PA6 films, to make composite plates PA6-T700-T300-IM7. The plates were cut into specimens in the machine output direction (MD) (direction of the roll) and in the transverse direction (CD). These specimens were mechanically tested in tension and bending.The results show anisotropy of tensile (and flexural) properties. This anisotropy has also been observed on the fibrous architecture of mat by implementing image analysis technique coupled to a Fourier transform orientation analysis. The results were compared to classical laminates theory. This analysis demonstrates that this composite breaks up when (or soon after) the pliesat +/-45 breaksby tensile matrix cracking.Le recyclage des composites organiques renforcésde fibres de carbone est une thématique de recherche poursuivie depuis plusieurs années [1,2,3]. En particulier il a été a démontré qu’après un traitement physico-chimique dénommé vapothermolyse, effectué dans un environnement de vapeur d’eau surchauffée [3], les propriétés des fibres récupérées étaient conservées [1,2]. Les études précédentes ont également montré l’importance des procédés textiles dans la qualité et propriétés des composites de seconde génération, et notamment pour ceux à base de mats [1,2]. À partir de fibres de carbone (T700, T300, IM7) de longueur (50, 80 et 110mm), des mats non tissés ont été fabriqués par cardage. Ces mats non tissés ont été mis en œuvre par thermo-compression avec des films de PA6, pour réaliser des plaques composites PA6-T700-T300-IM7. Les plaques ont été découpL'homme au vélo solaire sur France 3ées en éprouvettes dans la direction sortie machine (MD) (direction du rouleau) et dans la direction transverse (CD). Ces éprouvettes ont été testées mécaniquement en traction et en flexion.Les résultats montrent une anisotropie des propriétés en traction (et de flexion). Cette anisotropie a également été observée sur l’architecture fibreuse du mat en mettant en œuvre la technique analyse d’image couplée à une analyse d’orientation partransformée de Fourier.Les résultats ont été comparés à la théorie classique des stratifiés. Cette analyse démontre que ce composite rompt lorsque les plis à +/-45 rompent par fissuration de la matrice en traction(ou peu après
Continuous and multidimensional assessment of resilience based on functionality analysis for interconnected systems
No full textInternational audienceThe increasing number of disruptions, from natural disasters to terrorist attacks, is today a major concern of our modern society. As a result, to the interdependent nature of infrastructures, disruptions cause domino and cascade effects. For instance, a disruption in an energy infrastructure affects a rail-transportation infrastructure that further affects other infrastructures. Mitigating the negative effects means that the infrastructures must recover in minimum time, with minimum costs their initial functioning capacity, i.e., they must be resilient. So, stakeholders must analyse the resilience of infrastructures before any disruption to anticipate the right decisions. This article studies the concepts of resilience and resilience assessment to bridges the gap between rough stakeholders’ data and resilience evaluation for interdependent systems. The result is an original toolequipped approach that combines continuous with multidimensional resilience evaluation and assessment. The approach is based on simple and generic criteria that can be extended and adapted depending on the context and needs
Catalytic Effect of Inorganic Elements on Steam Gasification Biochar Properties from Agrowastes
No full textInternational audienceSteam gasification chars from lignocellulosic agrowastes are highly microporous materials with specific surface areas between 500 and 1000 m2/g, comparable to activated carbons. Nevertheless, the analysis and comparison of gasification chars from different feedstocks revealed the important effect of the raw biomass inorganic composition on their physico-chemical properties. In particular, it was found that the catalytic effect of alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEM) on the steam gasification reactions resulted in higher char specific surface areas, with greater proportions of surface oxygen-containing functional groups. In contrast, this effect was not observed for Si and P rich samples. In accordance, the biomass inorganic ratio K/(Si+P) proved to be a valuable indicator of the steam gasification char reactivity, giving a new insight for the engineering of useful value-added materials from lignocellulosic agrowastes. The mechanisms presented in this work could be an important reference for real gasification applications working with different kind of residues, when the valorization of the solid by-product is targeted
Diffracting-grain identification from electron backscatter diffraction maps during residual stress measurements: a comparison between the sin 2 ψ and cosα methods
No full textInternational audienceX-ray diffraction (XRD) is a widely used technique to evaluate residual stresses in crystalline materials. Several XRD measurement methods are available. (i) The sin2 method, a multiple-exposure technique, uses linear detectors to capture intercepts of the Debye–Scherrer rings, losing the major portion of the diffracting signal. (ii) The cos method, thanks to the development of compact 2D detectors allowing the entire Debye–Scherrer ring to be captured in a single exposure, is an alternative method for residual stress measurement. The present article compares the two calculation methods in a new manner, by looking at the possible measurement errors related to each method. To this end, sets of grains in diffraction condition were first identified from electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) mapping of Inconel 718 samples for each XRD calculation method and its associated detector, as each method provides different sets owing to the detector geometry or to the method specificities (such as tilt-angle number or Debye–Scherrer ring division). The X-ray elastic constant (XEC) 12S2, calculated from EBSD maps for the {311} lattice planes, was determined and compared for the different sets of diffracting grains. It was observed that the 2D detector captures 1.5 times more grains in a single exposure (one tilt angle) than the linear detectors for nine tilt angles. Different XEC mean values were found for the sets of grains from the two XRD techniques/detectors. Grain-size effects were simulated, as well as detector oscillations to overcome them. A bimodal grain-size distribution effect and ‘artificial’ textures introduced by XRD measurement techniques are also discussed
Unifier les stratégies de sélection de réserve avec la programmation par contraintes et les graphes
No full textNational audienceConcilier la conservation des habitats naturels avec le développement socioéconomique constitue aujourd'hui un défi majeur. Le problème de sélection de réserve se propose d'y répondre avec une approche systématique. Cependant, les modèles existants se focalisent sur des variantes précises du problème et ne permettent pas de prendre en compte l'ensemble des contraintes auxquelles les gestionnaires peuvent être confrontés. Dans un article présenté à CP 2018 [4], nous avons montré comment la programmation par contraintes (CP) et la modélisation basée sur les graphes permet d'agréger les différents aspects du problème dans un modèle unique et flexible, puis nous avons validé ce modèle sur un cas d'utilisation en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Nous résumons ici cet article, et introduisons les perspectives qu'il ouvre dans le domaine de l'aide à la décision pour la conservation de la nature